Prediction model of flow duct constriction noise

The scaling law for aerodynamic dipole type of sound from constrictions in low speed flow ducts by Nelson and Morfey is revisited. A summary of earlier published results using this scaling law is presented together with some new data. Based on this, an effort to find a general scaling law for the sound power for components with both distinct and non-distinct flow separation points are made. Special care is taken to apply the same scaling to all data based on the pressure drop. Results from both rectangular and circular ducts, duct flow velocities from 2 to 120 m/s and sound power measurements made both in ducts and in reverberation chambers are presented. The computed sound power represents the downstream source output in a reflection free duct. In particular for the low frequency plane wave range strong reflections from e.g. openings can affect the sound power output. This is handled by reformulating the Nelson and Morfey model in the form of an active acoustic 2-port. The pressure loss information needed for the semi-empirical scaling law can be gained from CFD simulations. A method using Reynold Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations is presented, where the required mesh quality is evaluated and estimation of the dipole source strength via the use of the pressure drop is compared to using the turbulent kinetic energy.     

边界层转捩区声辐射的预报方法研究

对Lighthill剪切应力脉动模型和Liepmann位移厚度脉动模型进行了讨论,在此基础上,本文提出利用Krane偶极子声源模型对Liepmann单极子声源模型进行改进。数值计算结果表明:作为偶极子声源的Lighthill理论剪切应力脉动模型,预报的噪声级偏低;而作为单极子声源的Liepmann模型,预报的噪声级又偏高;本文提出的两种改进模型预报的噪声级则与Lauchle实验值的一致性较好。     

一种从辐射噪声中提取调制谱的方法

在水下航行器的辐射噪声中,螺旋桨节拍对航行器的宽带辐射噪声存在着明显的振幅调制,调制频率与航行器螺旋桨的转速有关。该特征可用于估计航行器的速度及目标分类与识别。本文利用子波变换原理,从实测的航行器辐射噪声中提取了它的调制谱,并据此对螺旋桨转速进行了估计,计算机仿真结果与实测的螺旋桨的转速具有良好的一致性。     

低噪声通过特性的测量仿真研究

本文研究运用组合传感器和声压、振速联合信息处理技术进行低品声通过特性的测量。通过特性的背景噪声出非相干的各向同性白噪声和相干的交通干扰组成,交通干扰又分为平稳与非平稳两种,用平均声强器来抗非相干干扰;用交通干扰能量流中心方位抑制技术来抗平稳的相干干扰;对于非平稳的相干干扰而能量流中心方位抑制技术。仿真试验表明效果良好。     

Prediction of flow noise from in-duct spoilers using computational fluid dynamics

This paper presents a method for the prediction of flow noise from in-duct spoilers using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Previous work conducted by Mak [Mak CM. A prediction method for aerodynamic sound produced by multiple elements in air ducts. J Sound Vib 2005;287:395–403] and Mak et al. [Mak CM, Wu J, Ye C, Yang J. Flow noise from spoilers in ducts. J Acoust Soc Am 2009;125:3756–65] provides a method for such a prediction based on experimental data. In this work, the advanced Large-eddy Simulation turbulence model (LES) is used to compute the mean pressure drop across spoilers and the fluctuating drag forces acting on them. The predictions of the numerical simulation agree well with those based on experimental data and the actual, measured levels. With the aid of CFD simulation, engineers are now able to use the prediction method developed by the authors to predict the flow noise from in-duct spoilers using the LES turbulence model.     

Feasibility of a phased acoustic array for monitoring acoustic signatures from meshing gear teeth

This paper investigates the feasibility of sensing damage emanating from rotating drivetrain elements such as bearings, gear teeth, and drive shafts via airborne paths. A planar phased acoustic array is evaluated as a potential fault detection scheme for detecting spatially filtered acoustic signatures radiating from gearbox components. Specifically, the use of beam focusing and steering to monitor individual tooth mesh dynamics is analyzed taking into consideration the constraints of the array/gearbox geometry and the spectral content of typical gear noise. Experimental results for a linear array are presented to illustrate the concepts of adaptive beam steering and spatial acoustic filtering. This feasibility study indicates that the planar array can be used to track the acoustic signatures at higher harmonics of the gear mesh frequency.     

一种重构辐射噪声调制谱的方法

在进行辐射噪声信号的仿真研究中,希望利用经滤波、特征提取等处理所得到的反映目标特性的线谱、连续谱、调制谱来重构辐射噪声,以便于研究辐射噪声在声场中的传播特性。本文提出了利用迭代算法估算调制深度谱的算法,给出了时域辐射噪声的重构模型,以实测数据的调制谱为出发点,来重构其时域信号,并对重构前后的调制谱进行了误差分析,取得了较好的效果。     

船舶辐射噪声信号仿真及评价

船舶辐射噪声信号仿真应尽可能多地仿真特定船舶辐射噪声的信号特征,达到具体应用对信号仿真度的要求。对船舶辐射噪声仿真信号进行评价,是调整仿真参数和判定仿真信号是否达到要求的必要步骤。该文给出了一套对实测船舶辐射噪声信号进行重构仿真及评价的方法,仿真过程考虑了信号的听觉、连续谱、调制谱和线谱特征,评价方法对各特征进行指标提取和量化,并通过实测与仿真信号之间的相似度计算评价仿真信号的仿真度。对实测船舶辐射噪声信号进行重构仿真的试验结果显示,仿真信号具有较高的特征仿真度,与计算的仿真度评价数值一致。     

Experimental study of gear rattle excited by a multi-harmonic excitation

This paper deals with the rattle noise, caused by the fluctuations of the engine torque (acyclic excitation) which, under special conditions, can cause multiple impacts inside the gearbox. Its aim is to experimentally describe the rattle phenomenon in a gearbox. First, a fully instrumented test rig consisting of a simplified gearbox was designed in order to recreate the rattle noise phenomenon for a multi harmonic excitation imposed to the input shaft of the gearbox. Second, different gearbox configurations were used to characterize the rattle threshold and the rattle noise evolution, in relation to excitation parameters and mechanical gearbox parameters. Third, a simplified model of the rattle phenomenon is drawn, using a Kelvin-Voigt model, aiming to determine the most significant parameters influencing the rattle noise.     

Influence of stiffeners on plate vibration and radiated noise excited by turbulent boundary layers

The influence of stiffeners on plate vibration and noise radiation induced by turbulent boundary layers is investigated by wind tunnel measurements. Plates with and without stiffeners are tested under the flow speed of 60 m/s, 71 m/s and 86 m/s, respectively. The stiffeners are set either perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the free stream. Measured vibration and noise levels are compared with theoretical calculations, where wall pressure cross-spectra are described by the Corcos model. For the plates tested, it is evident that stiffeners perpendicular to the direction of the free stream could increase noise radiation, but have almost no influence on vibration level of plates.     

基于听觉特性的舰船辐射噪声信号仿真

针对工程应用中对舰船辐射噪声信号仿真结果在听觉感受上模拟度欠佳的问题,建立了一种基于音色参量谱质心的辐射噪声仿真方法。采用基于实测谱的连续谱仿真模拟,并且通过整体对比实测信号的听觉特性来搜索符合特征样本音色的线谱族幅值参量,在一定程度上改善了仿真信号的听觉特征。通过仿真最优匹配度趋势来寻求最优搜索次数,用以缩短仿真时间,得到了符合工程应用的结果。     

目标辐射噪声中线谱序列的提取方法

不同类型目标辐射噪声包络谱中的线谱及其谐波分布存在较大差异，是进行目标检测和分类识别的重要线索。本文提出了一种基于能量判据和子频带综合的线谱序列提取方法，并利用实测数据进行了比较分析。仿真和对实际数据分析的结果表明，该方法能够较准确、稳定提取线谱序列，为目标检测和分类识别提供了可靠依据。     

基于传递路径的变速箱噪声分析

变速箱噪声是常见的噪声问题。该文建立了变速箱噪声的传递路径分析模型,分析得出左传动轴是某车型变速箱阶次噪声的主要传递路径。研究左传动轴的振动传递特性并开展模态试验分析,识别出传动轴弯曲模态和问题频率耦合。通过增加吸振器降低了传动轴的响应,并开展道路试验和主观评价,表明问题得到有效解决。     

船舶侧斜螺旋桨空化噪声调制谱模型

针对侧斜螺旋桨船舶建立了一种螺旋桨空化噪声调制谱理论模型。将螺旋桨旋转过程中崩溃的空泡体积的周期性变化近似为空化噪声能量的变化,根据船尾伴流速度与空泡噪声体积成比例以及螺旋桨转速与空泡数量成比例的关系,推导出了空化噪声调制谱数学表达式。理论分析和仿真验证了桨叶之间的差异性是调制谱轴频线谱存在的主要原因,而影响调制谱叶频强度的主要因素为螺旋桨侧斜角度以及转速。研究结论为辐射噪声调制谱特征分析与提取提供了理论依据,同时对螺旋桨结构设计和船舶降噪也具有一定的参考价值。     

Prediction of noise inside an acoustic cavity of elongated shape using statistical energy analyses with spatial decay consideration

In this paper, Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is used to predict the interior noise of an acoustic cavity of elongated shape. The disadvantage of the conventional SEA method, which quantifies the response in terms of the energy averaged over each subsystem, is overcome by introducing a one-dimensional spatial decay relation, through which information about the acoustic energy variation in the elongated direction is taken into account. The modified SEA is experimentally validated using a 1:5 scaled space station prototype, having the longitudinal dimension much larger than the cross-sectional dimension. It is also compared with a model reported in the literature. It is shown that, in the region where the acoustic pressure level decays at a constant rate, the two models agree well with each other and are capable of estimating the acoustic pressure variation along the space station cabin. However, near the end walls where the decay rate of the acoustic pressure level is not constant, the proposed model provides better accuracy.     

Experimental study of dynamic and noise produced by a gearing excited by a multi-harmonic excitation

This paper deals with the rattle noise, caused by the fluctuation of the engine torque (acyclic excitation) which, under special conditions, can cause multiple impacts inside the gearbox. Its aim is to experimentally describe the rattle phenomenon in a gearbox. First, a fully instrumented test rig consisting of a simplified gearbox was designed in order to recreate the rattle noise phenomenon for a multi harmonic excitation imposed to the input shaft of the gearbox. Second, different gearbox configurations were used to characterize the rattle threshold and the rattle noise evolution, in relation to excitation parameters and mechanical gearbox parameters. Third, a simplified model of the rattle phenomenon is drawn, aiming to determine the most significant parameters to the rattle noise.     

Motorway noise modelling based on perpendicular propagation analysis of traffic noise

A model for motorway traffic noise has been obtained from measurements along the the Bangkok-Chonburi motorway. The model’s parameters include traffic volume and combination, the average spot speed of each type of vehicle and the physical conditions of the motorway in terms of right-of-way width, number of lanes, lane width, shoulder width, and median width for both of the main carriageways and frontage roads. The noise level that is generated by each type of vehicle has been analyzed according to the propagation in the direction perpendicular to the center line of motorway’s carriageway. The total traffic noise is then analyzed from traffic volume of all vehicle types on both sides of carriageways and frontage roads. The basic noise levels used in the motorway traffic noise model are modified according to the effective ground effect along the propagation path. The final result of this study is that a motorway traffic noise model based on the perpendicular propagation analysis technique performs well in a statistical goodness-of-fit test against the field data, and therefore, can be used effectively in traffic noise prediction for related or similar motorway projects.     

基于时延神经网络模型的舰船辐射噪声目标识别*

水声目标被动识别是水声信号处理领域的研究热点之一。海洋环境中存在的不规则噪声干扰,使得基于传统方法的水声目标被动识别技术在实际的应用场景中效果不佳。本文采用一种基于时延网络(Time Delay Neural Network,TDNN)模型的舰船辐射噪声目标识别方法,该方法利用目标的短时平稳特性和长时关联特性对目标的声纹特征进行建模,使用梅尔谱图提取目标信号的初级特征,再通过融合注意力机制和时延神经网络的深度学习模型实现高级特性提取,最后再利用余弦相似度实现不同目标的类别划分。该方法在ShipsEar数据集和自行采集的数据进行测试验证,目标识别准确率分别达到79.2%和73.9%,可证明本文方法的有效性。     

Prediction of noise inside tracked vehicles

In this paper, numerical simulation has been used to predict the noise inside tracked vehicles. To determine the interaction forces between running track system and the chassis hull of a tracked vehicle, a rigid multi-body tracked vehicle mode, which includes the track moving system, was constructed and simulated using ADAMS software. Finite element (FE) and boundary element (BE) models of the chassis hull of a tracked vehicle were created and adopted to perform the vibro-acoustic analysis. Correlation between the FE and BE models and physical measurements proved sufficiently good that the models could be used to predict the interior noise in a tracked vehicle. The structural frequency dynamic response was determined using the software MSC/NASTRAN. The interior noise was predicted using the software SYSNOISE. The predicted noise levels in a tracked vehicle have been found to be in good agreement with physical measurements.