丙烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸共聚物结构的NMR研究

用¹H NMR谱,¹³C NMR谱,DEPT谱,gHMQC,gHMBC二维谱和质子弛豫时间等方法研究了在紫外光辐照条件下丙烯酰胺(AM) -甲基丙烯酸(MAA)共聚合反应,讨论了AM-MAA共聚合反应时间与转化率的关系、共聚单体的连接方式、共聚物序列结构以及不同辐照时间下形成的共聚物链运动. 结果表明在紫外光辐照条件下,AM-MAA共聚物链节中同时存在多种连接方式,当反应时间为45 min时,共聚合转化率可达100%. 从自旋-晶格弛豫时间（T₁）和自旋-自旋弛豫时间（T₂）测定中得出,在辐照1小时范围内,时间越长聚合物长链分子运动速度越快,但主链的链段运动变化不明显.     

NMR Study on Coexistence of Magnetic Order and Superconductivity in RuSr2GdCu2O8

Electronic and magnetic properties of RuSr₂GdCu₂O₈ have been investigated by resistivity, magnetization and NMR measurements. Magnetic order (T _C=133 K) and superconducting transition (T _S(onset) 52 K) have been confirmed in RuSr₂GdCu₂O₈. We observed two kinds of Ru-NMR signals (the hyperfine fields of ¹⁰¹Ru are 590 kOe and 290 kOe), suggesting a possible charge segregation of Ru⁴⁺(S=1) and Ru⁵⁺(S=3/2) in the RuO₂ layers. Holes can be inherently doped in the CuO₂ layers from the (Ru⁴⁺, Ru⁵⁺)O₂ layers, and the superconductivity can occur under weak magnetic interactions between Ru and Cu spins in RuSr₂GdCu₂O₈.     

低场固体NMR研究纳米复合凝胶结构与动力学

纳米复合水凝胶复杂的微观结构和动力学决定了其宏观性能,阐明其结构和动力学的非均匀性对揭示凝胶相变机理、认识其宏观物理和化学性质和设计新型高分子凝胶都具有重要意义.通过合成不同粘土含量的系列聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)/锂藻土纳米复合水凝胶,运用多种先进的低场固体NMR技术详细研究了凝胶微观结构和动力学的非均匀性.首先建立了分析多组分凝胶体系中刚性和柔性高分子组分相对含量的计算方法,然后在不同粘土含量下,通过测量凝胶FID信号和质子T1定量研究了凝胶中刚性和柔性高分子组分的相对含量;通过偶极滤波双量子NMR实验,研究了体系中与交联密度关联的残余偶极作用参数随黏土含量的变化.结果表明:在纳米复合水凝胶中,随着粘土含量的增加,凝胶中聚合物的刚性相增加,而柔性相下降,当粘土含量达到12%(Wclay/Wwater)时体系中的刚性相含量趋于平衡.多量子实验结果表明,随着粘土含量的增加,纳米复合水凝胶中高分子链的残余偶极作用参数逐渐增大,反映了体系中高分子链的受限运动和二维无机纳米片层形成的物理交联密度增大的趋势.     

基于NMR指纹谱相关分析的生物类似药高级结构评价

建立了基于1H NMR指纹技术的生物类似药高级结构相似性分析方法,利用相关系数r和决定系数R2定量评估生物类似药与其原研药的结构相似度。将该方法应用在一种分子量为1620的抗菌性脂肽达托霉素上,比较了其类似药的活性原料成分(API)、类似药制剂与原研药克必信的高级结构相似性。实验结果显示,3个达托霉素样品的谱图存在显著差异,表明达托霉素类似药与其原研药在水溶液中存在结构差异。将该方法应用在分子量为145423的单克隆抗体药物曲妥珠单抗的高级结构比对上。对1个批次的赫赛汀原研药、4个批次的类似药的1H NMR谱进行相似性分析,相关系数r和决定系数 R2的结果显示,曲妥珠单抗的类似药与赫赛汀原研药相似度很高;进一步采用局部相关系数进行谱图分析,得到了曲妥珠单抗类似药与赫赛汀原研药之间的微小差异。研究表明,有效结合NMR指纹分析技术和统计分析方法,将在生物类似药质量控制中发挥重大的作用。     

固体NMR 研究PMMA 纳米复合材料结构与受限链运动

聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的微观结构和动力学决定了其宏观性能,阐明无机纳米材料对复合材料结构和动力学的影响,对认识材料结构-性能关系及设计新材料都具有重要意义．该文通过乳液聚合方法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/锂藻土(PMMA/Laponite)纳米复合材料,采用1H MAS 和¹³C CPMAS、弛豫时间及¹³C 化学位移各向异性谱(SUPER)等多种固体NMR 技术,详细研究了无机纳米材料的界面改性及其对纳米复合材料的微观结构和动力学的影响．¹H MAS 和¹³C CPMAS 实验表明,有机改性剂与锂藻土形成强的有机-无机界面相互作用,¹³C 纵向弛豫时间实验表明,PMMA 及其锂藻土纳米复合物均含有刚性和柔性两个组分,而纳米复合物中的聚合物链运动相对较低,特别是其中PMMA 的酯基分子运动明显受限．进一步的¹³C SUPER 实验表明,PMMA 酯基的化学位移各向异性在加入锂藻土后发生变化,预示酯基与锂藻土表面的羟基可能存在氢键作用而导致聚合物的链段运动进一步受限,上述纳米尺度受限效应提高了复合材料的玻璃化转变温度．     

Fluctuations of order parameters in the highT c superconductors

Recently we have proposed a phenomenological approach in terms of two coexisting macroscopic order parameters corresponding to the superconducting and insulating states and have discussed the electrodynamical responses of the superconducting ceramics. In this paper we discuss the fluctuations of the order parameters both in static and dynamical situations in the mean field approach and obtain results for the electrical conductivity which possesses anomalies as in granular materials.     

Cu NMR/NQR Studies on Magnetism in Impurity/Hole-Doped Spin-Ladder Compounds

Cu nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of impurities (Zn, Ni, and La)-doped spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladder compounds SrCu₂O₃ (Sr123) are broadened with Curie-like temperature (T) dependence. The spectra have been successfully fit by using a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) staggered polarization (SP) model. Such a SP has also revealed in Cu NMR measurements of Sr_14–x Ca _x Cu₂₄O₄₁ (Cax) with hole-doped ladders. The origin of possible 3D antiferromagnetic (AF) long-range ordering in (Zn and Ni)-doped Sr123 and Cax around x=12 at low T is considered to be similar. Once unpaired spins S ₀'s are induced and 3D interlayer interaction occurs, the localized spins couple in the whole system.     

The Effect of Bulk Magnetic Susceptibility on Solid State NMR Spectra of Paramagnetic Compounds

The effect of bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) on solid state NMR spectra of paramagnetic compounds was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The BMS shift was calculated for cylindrical and spherocylinderical containers with some ratios of the lengthLand the diameterD. The results show the best resolution can be obtained by using a long cylindrical sample container withL/D> 10 and by exciting only the region near the center of the container. The effect of the random orientations and distributions of crystallites in a powder sample was also calculated according to a model proposed by Schwerket al.[J. Magn. Reson. A119, 157 (1996)] with removing the Fermi contact term from their model. Static and the magic-angle spinning¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on two paramagnetic compounds of Ln(C₂D₅SO₄)₃· 8H₂O where Ln = Pr, Yb. The modified theory predicts the BMS broadening of the experimental spectra very well.     

固体酸催化剂及分子筛晶化过程的核磁共振研究

介绍了一些常规固体核磁共振的技术的发展状况, 并综述了固体核磁共振在多孔材料中的应用情况, 其中包括沸石分子筛酸性和结构表征以及目前在分子筛合成机理研究中的应用进展. 本文的主要内容是利用固体核磁共振结合其它表征技术研究了一类介孔固体酸催化材料的酸性以及两种微孔磷铝分子筛的合成晶化过程.  利用有机聚合物为模板剂合成出两种介孔复合氧化物MoO_x/ZrO₂与WOx/ZrO₂固体酸材料. 并对其进行了物理化学性质的表征. 研究发现它们在较高的焙烧温度下仍保持有较高的比表面积及规整的孔径. 利用固体核磁共振技术及DFT计算的方法发现在介孔WO_x/ZrO₂及MoO_x/ZrO₂表面存在两种类型的Br[AKo¨D]nsted酸位, 其酸强度强于传统的HZSM-5分子筛, 与典型的固体强酸硫酸锆相当, 但弱于100％的硫酸. 借助于理论计算清楚地揭示了酸性位的具体结构和酸强度信息, 且计算结果与实验结果符合得非常好. 除了弱酸性的Zr-OH基团外, 在介孔氧化锆表面存在大量的Lewis酸位（配位不饱和的Zr⁴⁺）. 在引入Mo或W物种后, Mo-OH或W-OH与不饱和的Zr⁴⁺配位产生作为Br[AKo¨D]nsted酸位的桥式Mo-OH-Zr(或W-OH-Zr)羟基, 并且导致氧化锆表面Lewis酸位的大量减少. 利用理论计算证实了单聚或多聚体形式的桥式Mo-OH-Zr(或W-OH-Zr)羟基是强Br[AKo¨D]nsted酸性位产生的根源, 同时提出了酸性位形成的机理. 利用水热晶化法合成了AlPO₄-5和MgAPO-36两种具有重要工业潜在应用价值的分子筛材料并用固体核磁共振技术结合X射线衍射、傅里叶红外、高分辨电子显微镜等技术研究了它们的详细晶化过程. 研究发现在HF存在条件下加热120 min后具有AFI类型的骨架晶化开始. 此时³¹P NMR谱中在δ -22与 δ -29处出现两个来源于骨架P-O-Al单元的信号, ¹⁹F NMR谱中在 δ -120处出现来源于骨架F-Al_pen-O-P单元的信号, 证实了晶体骨架开始形成. 另外, 凝胶中五配位Al（F-Al_pen-O-P）的出现是分子筛晶化开始的另一个标志. 利用²⁷Al→³¹P HETCOR、 ³¹P{²⁷Al} TRAPDOR及¹H→³¹P CP/MAS等双共振实验详细研究了初始凝胶相及晶化开始时凝胶相的结构, 在120 min加热凝胶中区分出具有不同化学环境的配位P原子, 提出了详细的晶化过程机理.  对于另一种具有高活性的镁取代的MgAPO-36分子筛催化材料, XRD发现在第二阶段423 K时, 加热1.5 h后骨架晶化开始. ³¹P NMR证实此时凝胶相中形成了P-O-Al及Mg-O-P骨架单元, 此后（2 h）凝胶相中出现半晶相的棒状颗粒. 并最终晶化为不规则球状的MgAPO 36晶体（18 h后）. 利用²⁷Al→³¹P HETCOR及¹H→³¹P CP/MAS分析了中间凝胶相的微观结构并利用³¹P{²⁷Al} TRAPDOR NMR技术研究骨架晶化开始时凝胶相中P(nAl) (n=1~4)的配位结构, 得出了5种具有不同配位状态的微观化学环境, 提出了详细的晶化过程机理.     

固体核磁共振技术在气体水合物研究中的应用

气体水合物是在低温高压条件下由气体和水形成的笼型化合物,主要有I型,II型和H型3种晶体结构,而固体核磁共振（solid state NMR）是测定其水合指数、笼占有率等结构参数的重要手段. 该文综述了固体核磁共振技术的原理及其在水合物研究中的应用,着重介绍固体核磁共振在水合物结构表征、气体组分的鉴定、结构转化、以及在水合物生成/分解动力学过程监测方面的研究进展. 同时,对其实验方法及测试条件也进行了详细的探讨.     

The Effect of RF Inhomogeneity on Heteronuclear Dipolar Recoupling in Solid State NMR: Practical Performance of SFAM and REDOR

Practical heteronuclear dipolar recoupling performances under magic angle spinning for SFAM and REDOR have been investigated under well-defined rf inhomogeneity environments with variation of resonance offsets for the irradiated nucleus. The heteronuclear dipolar recoupling efficiencies were quantitatively determined based on the experimentally obtained rf homogeneity. As a result, SFAM retains higher recoupling efficiency (>95%) at an 85% effective nutation frequency, and its recoupling efficiency is gradually reduced at lower effective nutation frequencies. On the other hand, although REDOR retains higher recoupling (>95%) efficiency at high (>92%) effective nutation frequency with an XY-8 compensation pulse sequence, the recoupling efficiency is dramatically decreased when the effective nutation frequency is below 90%. Over all, SFAM has significant advantages for insensitivity to carrier frequency offset and rf inhomogeneity.     

高压NMR在蛋白质结构和动力学研究中的应用

与温度一样,压力是基本的热力学变量.蛋白质在溶液中是多种构象的热力学平衡体.在不同的温度和压力等条件下,蛋白质包括折叠构象、变性构象以及各种中间体在内的不同构象的存在频率各不相同.当用压力作为扰动时,由于这些构象的偏摩尔体积不同,它们的存在频率便会因而发生变化,加压可将平衡向具有较小偏摩尔体积的方向移动.因此,利用高压核磁共振(NMR)技术,不仅可以研究高压对蛋白质结构和动力学的影响,还可以通过改变压力,在更为广泛的构象空间研究蛋白质结构和动力学.例如,利用平衡体系在加压时向体积小的构象方向移动这一特性,能够对在常压下因其存在频率低而难于检测、但在高压下因其体积小而存在频率增加了的构象进行深入研究,而这些构象往往与蛋白质的功能密切相关.该篇综述首先介绍了高压在蛋白质科学研究中的历史、有关概念和高压NMR技术;其次,结合实例,阐述高压NMR技术在蛋白质结构、折叠以及动力学研究中的应用;最后,对高压NMR技术在蛋白质研究中的应用前景进行展望.     

兰索拉唑的NMR分析及其在溶液中的互变异构现象

利用核磁共振技术（¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT、¹⁹F NMR、HSQC、HMBC）完成了常温下兰索拉唑氢谱和碳谱的全归属. 在此基础上,通过变温实验对兰索拉唑氢谱和碳谱中出现的宽矮峰进行了解释. 常温下,兰索拉唑存在Ⅰ和Ⅱ式两种构型,且两种构型间不断翻转互变,使部分谱线变宽变矮.当温度升高时,翻转互变加快,宽峰变窄;当温度下降时,翻转互变减慢,在丙酮溶液中-70 ℃翻转互变停止,兰索拉唑以一种构型存在,氢谱中不再出现宽矮峰. 对-70 ℃的兰索拉唑氢谱进行了归属,与常温下氢谱和碳谱归属相吻合.     

13C NMR Studies on 3-Aryl-4-Cyanosydnones (II). NMR Spectroscopy and the Chain-Conjugated Structure of Sydnones

Carbon-13 NMR spectra of 3-aryl-4-cyanosydnones have been analyzed to serve as an electronic structure probe of sydnones. 2-Dimensional INADEQUATE experiments and spin-lattice relaxation time measurements were employed to ascertain exact assignments. Deshielding of the phenyl carbon para to the sydnone ring manifests that N(3) bears positive charge. The electronic-rich property of C(4) is confirmed by shift data of cyano carbons, which have been found by far the most shielded cyano carbons in nitrile-containing compounds yet reported. Shift variations of C(5) resulting from the substitution at C(4) and supplementary oxygen-17 chemical shift data provide evidence in favor of the chain-conjugated structure.     

The influence of the radiofrequency excitation and conversion pulses on the lineshapes and intensities of the triple-quantum MAS NMR spectra of I = 3/2 nuclei

A rigorous examination of the various multiple-quantum magic angle spinning sequences is carried out with reference to sensitivity enhancement in the isotropic dimension and the lineshapes of the corresponding MAS peaks in the anisotropic dimension. An echo efficiency parameter is defined here, which is shown to be an indicator of the performance aspects of the various sequences. This can be used in the design of further new experiments in this field. A consequence of such a systematic analysis has been the combination of a spin-lock pulse for excitation of multiple-quantum coherences and an amplitude-modulated pulse for their conversion to observable single-quantum coherences. This approach has resulted in an improved performance over other sequences with respect to both the anisotropic lineshapes and the isotropic intensities.     

The Influence of the Radiofrequency Excitation and Conversion Pulses on the Lineshapes and Intensities of the Triple-Quantum MAS NMR Spectra of I = 3/2 Nuclei

A rigorous examination of the various multiple-quantum magic angle spinning sequences is carried out with reference to sensitivity enhancement in the isotropic dimension and the lineshapes of the corresponding MAS peaks in the anisotropic dimension. An echo efficiency parameter is defined here, which is shown to be an indicator of the performance aspects of the various sequences. This can be used in the design of further new experiments in this field. A consequence of such a systematic analysis has been the combination of a spin-lock pulse for excitation of multiple-quantum coherences and an amplitude-modulated pulse for their conversion to observable single-quantum coherences. This approach has resulted in an improved performance over other sequences with respect to both the anisotropic lineshapes and the isotropic intensities.     

表面活性剂及水溶性功能高分子的NMR研究

核磁共振（NMR）技术是研究表面活性剂在溶液中聚集状态的一种非常有用的工具,本文运用多种NMR技术研究了几种不同类型表面活性剂及水溶性功能高分子在水溶液中的聚集行为： 1. 季铵盐型双子表面活性剂16-4-16的聚集行为季铵盐型双子表面活性剂N,N′-双(十六烷基二甲基)-α,ω-丁烷溴化铵(16-4-16)分子中联接基团及靠近离子头的质子位于胶束的壳层, 运动受到一定限制. 而距离离子头较远的烷烃链位于胶束的内部,运动相对自由. 与对应的单链表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)相比,16-4-16形成的胶束堆积更为紧密. 通过NOESY谱中交叉峰强度的定量计算,认为16-4-16在胶束中分子以上下交错排列的方式形成球形聚集体.  2. 脱氧胆酸钠与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的相互作用在脱氧胆酸钠(NaDC)溶液中,NaDC质子H3与其他质子不同,其横向弛豫时间(T₂)表现为双指数衰减,表明此质子可能存在两种不同的状态. 实验证明,其它胆酸盐的H3的横向弛豫也呈现双指数衰减. 因此推测在胆酸盐的稀溶液中,3-OH质子和羰基氧之间有可能存在氢键作用,形成了头尾相连的分子对结构.  在NaDC和CTAB的混合溶液中,两者形成1∶1的混合胶束. 用NOESY和ROESY研究混合胶束的结构,显示CTAB的离子头位于NaDC的羧酸基团附近. 这可能是正负离子之间的静电性相互作用的结果.  3. 丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸模板共聚物的微结构研究了不同pH值条件下,丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸共聚物分子在水溶液中的聚集形态. 在酸性溶液中,分子内的氢键致使聚集体形成较为紧密的堆积,侧链的苯氧基团运动受阻;随着溶液pH值的增大,丙烯酸电离产生的阴离子使得分子间的静电斥力增大,分子链变得伸展,分子间的氢键作用导致了聚集体体积变大. 当溶液呈强碱性,丙烯酸完全电离,氢键作用力被破坏,分子呈现自由伸展的状态,侧链的苯氧基团运动相对自由.     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理Ⅵ.模型化合物光交联点的13C NMR研究

用溶液高分辨¹³C NMR谱系统地研究了二本甲酮光引发低密度聚乙烯各种模型化合物(正烷烃,含有文化结构以及末端双键的化合物等)交联产生的H型和Y型交联点的结构和数目.定量研究结果表明:形成的交联点对模型化合物的种类有较大的依赖性;在正十二烷光交联过程中,H型和Y型交联点均可形成,且二者的产率相当;而在含有文化结构的模型化合物的文联过程中,形成H型和Y型交联点的产率与文化结构的空间位阻有关;对合末端双键的模型化合物,则在交联过程中双键被打开而形成Y型交联点.这些结果与低密度聚乙烯光引发交联体系中得到的结果相一致,为进一步阐明聚乙烯光交联点的结构及其形成机制提供了新的实验证据.     

NMR and FT-Raman Studies on the Interaction of Lanthanide Ions with Sphingomyelin Bilayers

The interactions of lanthanide ions with sphingomyelin bilayers have been studied by using 2D NOESY spectroscopy and FT-Raman spectroscopy methods. The results indicate that lanthanide ions, as well as divalent calcium, combine mainly to the phosphate group in the polar headgroup and do not change the conformation of O-C-C-N⁺ backbone in the choline group of sphingomyelin bilayers. The polar headgroup is still extending parallel to the bilayer surface and O-C-C-N⁺ group is still in its gauche conformer.     

Mechanisms of the pancake vortex and vortex line movement in the high Tc superconductors Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δand La1.93Sr0.07CuO4+δ

In the strict sense, it is not very clear why with magnetic field increasing, the normal-superconductive (NS) transition becomes broad for Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ(Bi2212) while the NS transitions are almost parallel for La1.93Sr0.07CuO4+δ(La214). In this paper, R-T relations are measured by the six-probe method. We propose a moving mechanism of the pancake vortex and vortex line for Bi2212. The theoretical curves fit the experiment data well.