尿激酶活性测定方法的比较

根据中国及日本药典,对测定尿激酶活性的两种方法的灵敏度和重复性进行了考察对比,对不同样品测定结果进行了比较。     

渣油悬浮床加氢水溶性催化剂预硫化研究 Ⅱ 钼酸盐硫化产物的XPS分析

通过XPS分析法对钼酸盐的硫化行为进行了考察,分别考察了四价钼物种质量分数和硫钼元素的质量分数比，发现硫化产物的表面化学组成中四价钼质量分数和硫钼元素质量分数比不成正比，证实了该产物表面钼的硫化物不完全以MoS2形式存在。未经过临氢加热的硫化产物表面的四价钼物种的质量分数显著低于经过临氢加热的样品的质量分数，说明临氢加热在钼酸盐的硫化过程中起了重要作用。氯化铵是钼酸盐硫化过程中有效的助硫化剂，当它的用量增大时，硫化产物表面四价钼的质量分数也增大。以蒽为探针，使用化学探针法测定了硫化产物在渣油加氢过程中的催化活性，发现随着氯化铵用量的增加，产物的催化活性也相应提高，印证了XPS测定结果。     

紫外光谱法测定甲壳素的脱乙酰化值

用紫外光谱测定甲壳素脱乙酰程度，该法快速简便，重现性好，试样无需特殊处理。     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

柴油对流动改进剂感受性差异的原因表征与分析

柴油对低温流动改进剂具有较高的选择性。流动改进剂对不同的炼油厂、不同原油以及不同的加工工艺炼制的柴油的感受性和降冷滤效果截然不同。主要是由柴油的化学组成决定。一般认为，柴油中正构烷烃的摩尔分数和分布是影响其低温流动改进剂使用效果的主要因素。正构烷烃摩尔分数越低，碳数分布越广，添加低温流动改进剂效果越好；此外，柴油中所含的单环芳烃是高碳数烷烃的优良溶剂，其摩尔分数越高，柴油低温蜡析出量越少，加低温流动改进剂效果越好。     

分子印迹膜制备方法比较与评述

分子印迹膜作为一种新型的分离手段,因其高度的选择透过性而成为国内外研究的热点.它是通过在膜制备过程中引入模板分子,使膜材料具有分子记忆与识别作用,形成具有特异性高效分离作用的分离膜.本文介绍了分子印迹技术及分子印迹膜的制备方法,综述了制备过程中的影响因素,并展望了分子印迹膜的发展方向.     

自由基聚合中平均聚合度的学习

自由基聚合是《高分子化学》课程的重要一章 ,其中 ,平均聚合度是自由基聚合微观动力学的重要研究内容。正确理解其概念 ,掌握各种数学表达式的涵义 ,对高分子化学的学习十分有益 ,本文对不同终止和链转移情况下平均聚合度的表述方法进行了讨论     

掺杂剂对聚乙炔性质影响的理论研究

以多烯烃模拟聚乙炔链,用CNDO/2方法讨论了各种掺杂剂对聚乙炔性质的影响,掺杂剂使孤子宽度收缩变窄,且p型掺杂剂比n型掺杂剂的影响更大,掺杂剂影响聚乙炔链中的电荷密度波,使电荷主要集中分布于掺杂剂附近的碳原子上。掺杂碱金属时,掺杂剂原子的最高占据轨道与聚乙炔中孤子自旋轨道之间的作用由Li到K依次增强,解释了ESR实验结果。     

Potentiometric determination of free acidity in presence of hydrolysable ions and a sequential determination of hydrazine

A simple potentiometric method for the determination of free acidity in presence of hydrolysable ions and sequential determination of hydrazine is developed and described. Both free acid and hydrazine are estimated from the same aliquot. In this method, free acid is titrated with standard sodium carbonate solution after the metal ions in solutions are masked with EDTA. Once the end point for the free acid is determined at pH 3.0, an aliquot of formaldehyde is added to liberate the acid equivalent to hydrazine which is then titrated with the same standard sodium carbonate solution using an automatic titration system. The described method is simple, accurate and reproducible. This method is especially applicable to all ranges of nitric acid and heavy metal ion concentration relevant to Purex process used for nuclear fuel reprocessing. The overall recovery of nitric acid is 98.9% with 1.2% relative standard deviation. Hydrazine content has also been determined in the same aliquot with a recovery of nitric acid is 99% with 2% relative standard deviation. The major advantage of the method is that generation of corrosive analytical wastes containing oxalate or sulphate is avoided. Valuable metals like uranium and plutonium can easily be recovered from analytical waste before final disposal.     

Thermodynamic parameters of solvation of nonelectrolytes in aqueous solutions of amides of carboxylic acids

Interaction and reorganization contributions to solvation enthalpies of nonelectrolytes in aqueous solutions of amides of carboxylic acids with different degree of N-substitution and N-methylpyrrolidone are calculated. The data are discussed using structurally thermodynamic characteristics of water-amide systems obtained by us previously. It is found that the type of concentration dependence of the solvation enthalpy of nonelectrolytes in all solutions investigated is determined by the type of reorganization component. It is shown that the highest solvation exothermicity of nonelectrolytes in water is due to the lowest value of the reorganization contribution in spite of that nonelectrolytes interact weaker with water than with non aqueous components.     

珍珠片剂中钙含量的测定

采用络滴定法对复方珍珠片剂中的钙含量进行了测定,相对标准偏差０．０２％,回收率９９．８％,方法简便易行,重现性好。     

Concepts of photochemical damage of Photosystem II and the role of excessive excitation

Photoinhibition is one of the most controversial topics in photophysiology. Well into the 21 st century, scientists have not agreed on the mechanism of action, primary site, and roles of excess energy absorbed by photosynthetic pigments. It is recognized that Photosystem II is the most fragile component during photoinhibition and that excess excitation absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments has a strong impact on it. Consensus is yet to come on terminology, guidelines to study photoinhibition, or boundaries of what can be considered photodamage. Some of these controversies are the result of how we understand the phenomenon of photoinhibition, as this is what determines a given experimental design. Thus, how we understand photodamage depends on the philosophical approach of each group. While some efforts have been made in the parametrization of Photosystem II photoinhibition, an updated review about the concepts of photoinhibition of Photosystem II and how to study it is still pending. In this work, a review of the concepts used in the field of photoinhibition is presented, accompanied by a synopsis on the history and mechanisms of action.     

Optical Study of Interactions of Glass Beads ER Particles

The amount of ER effect is determined by the difference of dielectric constants of ER particles base liquid.The intensity of ER fluids can be characterized by the interaction of two particles. A double optical tweezers system suitable to study particle interaction is used to measure the particle aggregation time, and it is found that the particle aggregation time is proportional to the square of the electric field. This is the first time to directly measure the interaction of the electric dipoles of ER particles. A method is developed to use high speed CCD in measuring diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS), and, for the first time, the auto-correlation functions of nonegordic system of particle structure are measured to study the ER mechanism. Structure response time and force response time are obtained for glass beads ER fluid, and the time variation of characteristic decay times of system correlation functions under different electric fields is also measured. Diffusing coefficients under different fields imply that the interaction is proportional to the square of fields.     

Effect of cationic monomer on properties of fluorinated acrylate latex

Cationic fluorinated acrylate latex was prepared via semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization of cationic monomer and other monomers.The resultant latex and its film were characterized with dynamic light scattering detector and contact anglc meter. Influences of amount of DMDAAC on the propcrtics of resultant latex and its film were investigated in detail.Results show that the particle size of the latex has the minimum value and the zeta potential of the latex is increased when the amount of DMDAAC is increased.In addition,the particle size of the latex is unimodal distribution when the amount of DMDAAC is not more than 2.5%. However,the particle size of the latex is bimodal distribution when the amount of DMDAAC is more than 2.5%.The contact angle is varied slightly with the increase of amount of DMDAAC when it is not more than 2.5%.Nevertheless,the contact angle is decreased with the increase of the amount of DMDAAC when it is more than 2.5%.     

Dependence of the Rate of Electrodeposition of Metals at Mono- and Multielectrodes on Voltage in the Case of an Exaltation Mechanism of Mass Transport

Dependences of the rate of copper deposition on mono- and multielectrodes out of dilute solutions of acetic acid at voltages of 20–250 V are compared. It is established that the same rate of deposition in the case of a multielectrode (25 electrodes with a diameter of 0.1 mm) takes place at a voltage that is lower by 2.7 times than that in the case of a monoelectrode with a diameter of 0.5 mm and the same area. The same results are obtained during electrodeposition of cadmium and thallium. In order to explain this effect, a two-layered model of potential distribution is suggested. In accordance with this model, the resistance of electrolyte in the vicinity of a multielectrode is equal to the sum of the resistance of the layer nearest to the electrode (where it is determined by the sum of conductances to each microelectrode) and the external layer, where the potential distribution is close to hemispherical. It is shown that calculations in accordance with this model allow one to give an estimate of the effect's scale that agrees with experiment and to predict its possible limits following an increase in the number of electrodes that make up a multielectrode.     

无烟煤挥发分和焦炭独立燃烧过程中NO生成规律

采用固定床反应器,将无烟煤粉的燃烧分为焦炭燃烧和挥发分燃烧两部分,研究了各自燃烧过程中产生NO的规律,评价了焦炭N和挥发分N对煤粉燃烧产生NO的相对贡献。结果表明,煤粉N﹑焦炭N和挥发分N的转化率都随过量空气系数α和温度的增加而增加;焦炭N是无烟煤粉燃烧过程中NO的主要来源;煤粉的转化率都小于煤粉分解燃烧时挥发分转化率加焦炭的总转化率;还原性气氛或氧化性气氛越强,挥发分和焦炭在煤粉燃烧时的相互作用越强。     

聚氨酯改性不饱和聚酯树脂的反应动力学

通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)分析,探讨了聚氨酯改性不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)体系反应特征及固化反应动力学。结果表明:体系中聚氨酯网络的形成远快于UPR网络的形成。UPR和聚氨酯改性UPR体系的表观活化能分别为58.0 kJ/mol和64.8 kJ/mol,改性后体系的活化能并无较大变化;反应的级数分别为0.90和0.91。     

Investigation of some modes of flat-bed chromatography

A comparison of different chromatographic methods is presented: column liquid chromatography (CLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and continuous-elution flat-bed chromatography (CEFBC), which is in fact a combination of the first two methods. In CEFBC a sample is applied to a sorbent layer in a steady flow of eluent, and the components are detected directly on the layer, or immediately upon leaving it, during the separation process. It is shown that evaluation of the separation processes in CEFBC is best accomplished in terms of the parameters applicable in CLC. The reproducibility of the analytical results obtained by CEFBC is better than in the case of TLC by a factor of 6 to 10, and approaches that known for CLC.     

Theory of shear-induced crystallization of polymer melts

In the presented model elements of polymer melt rheology and polymer crystallization kinetics are combined. In particular, the proneness of the melt to the special type of crystallization which is characteristic for shear treatment is supposed to emerge only gradually during shear flow. Following Avrami's early ideas on crystal growth, an induction time is introduced. In principle, the model can be applied to any flow and temperature history. The special case of isothermal flow at constant shear rate is covered in greater detail: A favorable comparison is made with experimental results, as published by Lagasse and Maxwell [10].Dedicated to Prof. J. Meissner on the occasion for his 60th birthday.     

Influence of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine on the dissolution of Brazilian chrysotile

It is known that Brazilian chrysotile is rapidly removed from the lungs, but quantitative studies about the influence of lung surfactants on chrysotile dissolution have not been investigated. In this work, the chemical behavior of chrysotile and its dissolution in the presence of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were investigated in physiological conditions. The dissolution was investigated through quantification of magnesium and silicon released by chrysotile. At 37 degrees C, the magnesium concentration is similar to control (without DPPC), which is about 2.0x10(-4)molL(-1), meaning that the dissolution process is not affected by the presence of this surfactant. The same was observed for silicon. The silicon concentration released by chrysotile is similar in all media tested. It is known that the dissolution mechanisms of brucite and tridymite layers are different. From our results, we propose that under physiological conditions, the mechanism of brucite dissolution is based on its interaction with hydrogen ions and that the mechanism of tridymite dissolution is based on a hydrolysis process.