ATD-GC-MS联用分析大气颗粒物中半挥发性有机物(SVOCs)

环境样品中的有机污染物种类繁多、结构复杂、含量不等,对其进行分析测试难度很大。近年来,采用气相色谱-质谱联机、气相色谱-红外(GC-IR)联机、液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)联机以及超临界色谱-质谱联机(SFC-MS)等新技术,已对许多环境样品中的复杂有机污染物获得了高灵敏度和高选择性的定性、定量分析结果,包括有机污染物的结构信息。本文采用超细玻璃纤维滤膜采样,热脱附仪和气相色谱-质谱联用分析了大气颗粒物中的半挥发性有机污染物,与传统的索氏提取法进行了对比。     

新型污染物的环境质谱技术研究进展

随着科学技术的飞速发展,质谱检测及其联用技术方法正以前所未有的速度、广度和深度全面渗透到环境分析化学中,其在环境监测中的使用已经或正在日常化.近年来,一些高分辨质谱及其与色谱等的联用技术在目标污染物和非目标污染物的同时甄别鉴定和分析中发挥了重要作用,其对于阐明污染物在环境的归趋具有重要意义.本文对质谱技术及其与气相色谱和液相色谱的联用技术在污染物尤其是新型污染物分析中的进展进行了总结,并对高分辨质谱技术的环境应用研究给于关注,对环境质谱技术的发展方向进行了展望.     

有机炸药检验技术研究进展

对当前法庭科学领域中有机炸药的实验室和现场常用的检验技术如:气相色谱、液相色谱等色谱技术,原位电离质谱、同位素比质谱等质谱技术,气相色谱-质谱、液相色谱-质谱等色谱-质谱联用技术,毛细管电泳技术,离子迁移谱技术,红外光谱、拉曼光谱、太赫兹等光谱技术,荧光、电化学、表面等离子体共振等传感器技术进行了归类和总结,并对有机炸...     

GC-MS分析垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的实验教学探索

采用萃取、旋转蒸发等前处理方法,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的组成与含量。设计一个综合性教学实验,对垃圾渗滤液中的有机污染物进行检测。通过对实验结果进行分析,确定垃圾渗滤液中所含有机污染物的种类和相对含量。本实验应用于实验教学,可以提高学生的综合分析检测能力以及动手能力。     

湖南省某城市自来水中有机污染物初探

毛细管色谱技术,特别是毛细管色谱-质谱联用技术的发展为复杂环境样品的分析提供了有力的工具。近年来,关于多种水体中有机污染物的分析研究国外有不少报导,国内也开展了类似的工作。由于饮用水中有机污染物含量低,成分复杂,报导较少。     

大气颗粒物中有机污染物分析技术研究进展

对颗粒物中常见有机污染物组成、来源及其分析技术进行总结。介绍了常见有机污染物的滤膜采样技术、前处理技术(溶剂萃取和热脱附)和色谱检测技术及所存在的问题。热脱附气相色谱–质谱联用技术在同时测定大气颗粒物中多环芳烃、正构烷烃等半挥发有机物方面具有明显优势。     

毛细管色谱-质谱法测定环境大气中挥发性有机污染物

毛细管色谱-质谱法测定了环境大气中挥发性污染物。用液氧冷冻法和常温吸附法(TenaxGC)分别采集大气样品,然后用两种系统进行浓缩,并进入毛细管色谱-质谱体系,完成了有机污染物的定性定量分析。解决了一些色谱-质谱联用中的问题。并且还讨论了无分流进样问题,比较了两种采样方法。用此方法测定了某炼油厂环境大气中的污染物。     

色谱-质谱联用技术的应用-毛细管色谱-质谱联用部分

近年来,色谱-质谱联用(以下简称色-质谱)技术迅速发展,在有机化学、生物化学、医药学、香料化学、农药、环境化学以及地球宇宙化学等领域中已得到了广泛的应用。色-质谱克服了过去气相色谱法在缺乏纯物质校对时难于定性的缺点和质谱方法对混合物中多组分共存时分析谱图的困难。所以色谱与质谱联用后兼备了色谱分离的特长和质谱鉴定灵敏的优点。因此在分析复杂混合物时显示了极大的优越性。在有机分析化学领域中已被公认为最有效的分析工具之一。根据毛主席关于“独立自主,自力更生,艰苦奋斗,勤俭建国”的方针和“洋     

北京近郊土壤中痕量半挥发性有机污染物的分析方法研究

利用超声提取、吸附色谱分离以及气相色谱和气-质谱联用的方法对土壤中痕量半挥发性有机污染物进行了提取、分离以及定性定量分析。优化了硅胶和弗罗里土吸附净化正构烷烃和多环芳烃以及有机氯农药和酞酸酯类化合物的分离条件。正构烷烃、多环芳烃、有机氯农药和酞酸醑的平均回收率分别为82％-105％、103％～110％、94％-117％和86％-l14％；检出限分别为3—22、3—42、0．004—0．088和10—220ng/g；相对标准偏差均小于15％。本方法用于分析北京近郊土壤中的上述有机污染物，经质量控制分析，结果可靠。     

应用固态热调制技术的全二维气相色谱-质谱联用法对工业废水中有机污染物的检测

采用新型固态热调制技术的全二维气相色谱-质谱联用法对某工业废水进行分析,定性检出162种主要的有机污染物。结果表明,有机污染物主要由苯系物和萘系物组成;同类化合物在全二维气相色谱谱图上呈规律性排布,可以方便地对性质相近的化合物进行归类分析;全二维气相色谱-质谱法具有更大的峰容量、更高的分辨率和灵敏度,是复杂样品的准确可靠的分析方法。     

Trends in the monitoring of legacy and emerging organic pollutants in protected areas

Protected Areas (PAs) are locations for conservation, internationally recognized for their natural, ecological, and/or cultural values. Human presence in PAs is generally limited to minimal or banned exploitation of natural resources. However, different threats to PAs are evident as a result of short and long-range transport of organic pollutants of legacy and emerging concern. There has been a shift of interest in legacy pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to emerging compounds, resulting in a need for improved monitoring strategies in PAs. Here, we highlight the main advances in environmental analytical chemistry for legacy and emerging pollution monitoring in PAs. Trends in sampling, sample preparation and instrumental determination of multiclass organic pollutants in biotic and abiotic matrices are presented and discussed. Here, we considered the most relevant and recent literature regarding organic pollutants in PAs from terrestrial to aquatic landscapes collected within 2015 to the present time frame.     

铁基金属-有机骨架及其复合物高级氧化降解水中新兴有机污染物

新兴有机污染物(Emerging organic contaminants,EOCs)是对人体健康及生态环境具有潜在或实质威胁的新型化学污染物.由于其被频繁使用且能在水生生态系统中持久性存在而对水生生物健康和安全造成严重威胁,故引起大众越来越多的关注.以活性污泥法为代表的传统水处理工艺通常不足以消除这些新兴有机污染物....     

金属有机骨架材料MIL-101及其改性材料去除环境污染物的研究进展

目前我国水环境以及空气面临着严峻的污染形势,许多危害人身体健康的污染物亟待治理。 金属有机骨架作为目前新兴的多孔材料,具有高孔隙率、高比表面积、结构可调性以及不饱和金属位点等特点。 这使得金属有机骨架材料具有一定的环境污染物去除能力。 围绕对苯二甲酸铬金属有机骨架材料(MIL-101)及其功能化修饰的改性材料的结构信息展开,总结了材料的主要合成方法,对功能化修饰的方法和原理进行分析,重点分析了这种材料在环境污染物去除等方面的应用研究进展,包括它在重金属离子、农药、抗生素、有机染料、碘离子等污染物的吸附处理领域的应用, 以及在污染物的监测和环境风险预警方面的应用潜力。 指出了材料在制备成本、反复利用次数、污染物后续处理等方面仍然存在的问题。     

Wastewater treatment by cyclodextrin polymers and noble metal/mesoporous TiO2 photocatalysts

Pollution of water from a wide range of organic pollutants is a serious environmental problem. Conventional water treatment technologies are not very effective for reducing the concentration of these pollutants to a desirable level. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of two technologies in reducing the pollutant concentration of two wastewater samples. Therefore, cross-linked cyclodextrin (CD) polymers were synthesized and their adsorption capacities were evaluated. An emerging oxidation process using doped TiO₂ was also evaluated. For both technologies, we observed a decrease in the total organic carbon (TOC) content due either to the adsorption of pollutants by CD polymers or to the mineralization of pollutants by photocatalysis.     

The carbon nanotubes-based materials and their applications for organic pollutant removal:A critical review

The carbon nanotubes(CNTs) as the emerging materials for organic pollutant removal have gradually become a burgeoning research field.Herein,a mini-review of CNTs-based materials curre ntly studies for organic pollutant elimination is presented.This review summarizes the preparation methods of CNTsbased materials.CNTs-based materials can be used as adsorbents to remove organic pollutants in wastewater.The adsorption mechanisms mainly include surface diffusio n,pore diffusion and adsorption reaction.Most importantly,an in-depth overview of CNTs-based materials currently available in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) applications for wastewater treatment is proposed.CNTs-based materials can catalyze different oxidants(e.g.,hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2),persulfates(PMS/PDS),ozone(O_3) and ferrate/permanganate(Fe(Ⅵ)/Mn(Ⅶ)) to generate more reactive oxygen species(ROS) for organic pollutant elimination.Moreover,the possible reaction mechanisms of removing organic pollutants by CNTs-based materials are summarized systematically and discussed in detail.Finally,application potential and future research directions of CNTs-based materials in the environmental remediation field are proposed.     

醛类标志物的化学衍生化色谱-质谱分析方法进展

人体接触环境中的化学污染物会导致多种疾病,包括癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病(阿尔茨海默症、帕金森病等)等.作为一类具有高反应活性的亲电化合物,醛类(包括外源性醛类或环境污染物暴露后产生的内源性醛类)可与人体中多种重要生物分子形成共价修饰产物而产生毒害作用.暴露组研究自2005年被首次提出以来一直是一个前沿热...     

The study of interaction between PFOA/PFOS and uracil by topology quality and spectroscopic analysis

It has been established that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) can be considered as emerging persistent organic pollutants. In recent years, there was increasing distribution of PFOA/PFOS in environmental systems, and accumulation and toxic effects of PFOA/PFOS in human body. In this paper, quantum chemistry methods were employed to study the interaction between perfluorinated organic pollutants and base (uracil). The results showed that there were four stable binding modes between the two perfluorinated compounds with uracil, especially the second mode which caused the most detrimental physiological functional response. NBO analysis showed that reactive hydrogen in the two perfluorinated compounds had the greatest effect on the hydrogen bond. The nature of the hydrogen bond formed between the two perfluorinated compounds and base was investigated using the AIM theory. The changes of spectroscopic properties in complexes were analyzed by IR and NMR spectra.     

Organic pollutants adsorbed on microplastics: Analytical methodologies and occurrence in oceans

The massive use of plastics in several products has generated microplastic debris worldwide. Besides their negative effect on marine organisms by ingestion, microplastics are a contamination vector due to their capacity to transport organic pollutants around our planet. To evaluate the magnitude of this issue, it is necessary to know what kinds of contaminants are adsorbed on microplastics, as well as their concentrations. In order to assess the adsorption and desorption of pollutants from microplastics, effective and reliable extraction procedures are required. In this overview, literature reports, in which extraction, separation and determination methods have been applied to analyse the organic pollutants adsorbed on microplastics, are revised and discussed. Furthermore, the worldwide occurrence of organic compounds found on microplastics in oceans is reviewed and the results obtained from different geographical areas and their global distribution trends are compared. Priority organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hexachlorocyclohexanes, polychlorinated benzenes, perfluoroalkyl substances or bisphenol analogues, have been widely found on microplastic samples. Future research that focuses on different kinds of emerging pollutants is required.