Antibacterial Effects of Silver Doped Polyethyleneglycol Based Polyamidoamine Side Chain Dendritic Polyurethane

Antibacterial activity was imparted with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) side chain dendritic polyurethane (SCDPU‐PEG) by doping of silver particles. Antibacterial activities of both the polyurethane (SCDPU‐PEG) and its silver doped structures were investigated against Escherichia coli bacteria. The silver doped polymeric structures were found to exhibit antibacterial activity while the polymer without silver loading showed no antibacterial activity. Formation of silver doped side chain dendritic polymers was investigated from the UV‐vis plasmon absorption band of silver particles.     

抗凝血肝素化聚（醚—酰胺胺—脲—氨酯）的研究

合成了一种含有聚酰胺胺链段的聚(醚—酰胺胺—脲—氨酯)(PEAUU)嵌段共聚物。这种嵌段共聚物较诸相应的聚酰胺胺,有较好的机械性能和对稀酸、稀碱以及生理盐水的良好稳定性。体外试验表明,它本身就具有良好的抗凝血性,经过肝素处理,PEAUU表面与肝素形成了聚电解质复合物,抗凝血性能又有进一步提高。     

Synthesis and self‐assembly of amphiphilic brush‐dendritic‐linear poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]‐b‐ polyamidoamine‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) copolymers

A series of novel amphiphilic brush‐dendritic‐linear poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]‐b‐polyamidoamine‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) copolymers (PPEGMEMA‐b‐D_m‐b‐PCL) (m = 1, 2, and 3: the generation number of dendron) were synthesized by the combination techniques of click chemistry, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). The brush‐dendritic copolymers bearing hydrophilic brush PPEGMEMA and hydrophobic dendron polyamidoamine protected by the tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc) groups [D_m‐(Boc) (m = 1, 2, and 3)] were for the first time prepared by ATRP of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate monomer (PEGMEMA) initiated with the dendron initiator, which was prepared from 2′‐azidoethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (AEBIB) and D_m‐(Boc) terminated with a clickable alkyne by click chemistry. Then, the brush‐dendritic copolymers with primary amine groups (PPEGMEMA‐b‐D_m) were obtained from the removal of the protected Boc groups of the brush‐dendritic copolymers in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The brush‐dendritic‐linear PPEGMEMA‐b‐D_m‐b‐PCL copolymers were synthesized from ROP of ε‐caprolactone monomer using PPEGMEMA‐b‐D_m as the macroinitiators and stannous octoate as catalyst in toluene at 130 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that integrates hydrophilic brush polymer PPEGMEMA with hydrophobic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendron and PCL to form amphiphilic brush‐dendritic‐linear copolymers. The amphiphilic brush‐dendritic‐linear copolymers can self‐assemble into spherical micellar structures in aqueous solution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Thermosensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g -Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Derivatives: Preparation and the Drug Release Behaviors

Summary: A series of thermally responsive dendritic core-shell polymers were prepared based upon dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM), modified with carboxyl end-capped linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm-COOH) in different ratios via an esterification process to obtain PNIPAAm-g-PAMAM. The graft ratio of PNIPAAm could be adjusted by changing the feed ratio of PAMAM-OH to PNIPAAm-COOH and was verified by ¹H NMR and gel penetration chromatography (GPC). The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAAm-g-PAMAM evaluated by UV-vis spectrophotometer was about 32 °C. Indomethacin (IMC) as a model drug was loaded in the thermosensitive polymer-grafted dendrimer derivative and its release behavior was studied below and above its LCST (27 °C vs 37 °C). Results showed that the LCST of PNIPAAm-g-PAMAM was around 32 °C compared with that of the pure PNIPAAm. The release behavior of the indomethacin entrapped in the internal cavities of the PNIPAAm-g-PAMAM showed that almost 77% of the drug was cumulatively released at 27 °C after 10 hours, whereas only 20% was released at 37 °C. The release rate of IMC from the IMC/PNIPAAm-g-PAMAM complex at 37 °C is significantly slower than that at 27 °C, which indicates that the PNIPAAm chains grafted on the surface of PAMAM dendrimer could act as a channel switching on-off button through expending or contracting in response to the temperature variation and could control the drug release by varying the surrounding temperature.     

Photoswitchable architectural polymer: Toward azo‐based polyamidoamine side‐chain dendritic polyester

A versatile approach to the synthesis of novel polyamidoamine (PAMAM) side‐chain dendritic polyester (SCDPE) possessing azobenzene motifs in the polymeric core is described and displayed reversible cis–trans (E/Z) isomerization upon exposure to UV light. A polymerization reaction was conducted in solution using ester‐terminated PAMAM dendritic diol ( 1a , G 3.5) and azobenzene dicarboxylic acid chloride in the presence of triethylamine. PAMAM dendritic diol 1a as well as SCDPE ( 1 ) were thoroughly characterized by means of IR and NMR (¹H and ¹³C) spectroscopies. The intrinsic viscosity of 1 at 36 °C in CHCl₃ was found to be 0.38 dl/g. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 4182–4188, 2001     

Fluorophore-labeled Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendritic Architectures: Synthesis and Fluorescence Sensing Properties

Novel polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (G=0.5–2.5) with a naphthalene core unit have been prepared. They were found to display acid as well as metal ion sensitive fluorescence signal amplification, making them of potential use as chemosensing materials. PAMAM dendritic wedges as well as naphthalene-centered PAMAM dendrimers were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis.     

POSTGRAFTING OF HYPERBRANCHED DENDRITIC POLYMER FROM TERMINAL AMINO GROUPS OF POLYMER CHAINS GRAFTED ONTO SILICA SURFACE

This paper describes postgrafting of hyperbranched dendritic polyamidoamine initiated from terminal amino groups of polymer chains grafted onto ultrafine silica surface in order to modify the silica surface. Surface grafting of polymer having terminal amino groups as initiator sites was performed by a reaction of terminal diamine-type polyoxyethylene with epoxy groups previously introduced onto the surface by 3-glycidoxypropyltri-methoxysilane treatment. The postgrafting reaction of dendritic polyamidoamine from the terminal amino groups was achieved by repeating the Michael addition of methyl acrylate to amino groups followed by amidation of the resulting ester moieties with ethylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine. Both the amount of amino groups and the percentage of postgrafting of the resulting polyamidoamine increased with an increase in the number of generations: the amino group content increased from 0.40 mmol/g to 2.68 mmol/g, and the percentage of postgrafting reached 61.0% after the 12th generation by using ethylenediamine in amidation. These values, however, were considerably smaller than the theoretical values. This indicates that the postgrafted polyamidoamine was a hyperbranched polymer but not a precise dendrimer. Ethylenediamine as a reactant in amidation was more effective than hexamethylenediamine, and a low content of initial amino groups was also preferred to a large amount of them probably because of steric hindrance in the propagation of hyperbranched dendritic polyamidoamine. The average particle size of hyperbranched dendritic polyamido-amine-postgrafted silica measured by light scattering photometry increased with an increase in the number of generations of the resulting polyamidoamine.     

基于聚(L-谷氨酸)树状分子的智能药物释放系统研究

以天然氨基酸L-谷氨酸为原料,通过收敛法合成了聚(L-谷氨酸)树状分子,通过半胱氨酸将抗肿瘤药物甲氨蝶呤( MTX)键合到聚(L-谷氨酸)树状分子上,构建氧化还原敏感的药物传输系统.用核磁(1H～NMR)等对载体以及载药粒子进行了表征.体外释放研究发现,载药粒子具有良好的氧化还原响应性,在不同浓度的还原剂二硫苏糖醇(D...     

Poly(amidoamine-organosilicon) (PAMAMOS) multi-arm star polymers

A new class of hydrophilic core – hydrophobic arms multi-arm star polymers is described: the first such materials to have silicon located in the side arms. They belong to the broad family of radially layered copolymeric amidoamine-organosilicon (PAMAMOS) dendritic macromolecules and may be viewed as nanostructured, covalently bonded, inverse micelles. Two types of hydrophobic, silicon-containing arms have been used, one based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and another based on predominantly alkyl chains attached by organosilicon chemistry to the hydrophilic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) core. The former polymers are synthesized by a reaction of amine-terminated PAMAMs by mono-functional epoxy PDMS, while the latter are obtained by haloalkylation of the same PAMAMs with a suitable unsaturated silane followed by alkylthiol addition. The Langmuir film behavior of the multi-arm star polymers with PDMS arms is described and rationalized in comparison with that of other hydrophobically modified PAMAM dendrimers reported in the literature. Their uptake of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solutions is also described.     

Preparation of a ribonucleic acid-(polyamidoamine)-(zirconia-urea-formaldehyde resin) high-performance liquid affinity chromatographic stationary phase

A preparative method for a high-performance liquid affinity chromatographic (HPLAC) stationary phase is described. The 3- to 5-microm nonporous composite spherical microparticles of zirconia and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin are synthesized through the reaction of zirconyl chloride with hexamethylene tetra-amine and urea, and then it is used as the matrix of the HPLAC stationary phase of which the diameter and structure are determined by scanning electron microscopy. In a methanol medium, the polyamidoamine (PAMAM) starburst dentritic spacer arms are linked with the imido-groups on the surface of the matrix by the Michael addition reaction with methyl acrylate and the amination reaction with ethylene diamine. After repeating these steps in triplets, amine-terminated dentritic spacer arms with a generation of 3 are obtained. The topological structure of the spacer arms is examined by solid-state 13C NMR. The Br-substituted ribonucleic acid (RNA) ligand is obtained by the reaction of liquid bromine with RNA and bonded to the dendritic spacer arms of the matrix in a solution of NaOH (pH 9-11). The binding capacity of RNA is measured by UV spectrophotometry. A new type of stationary phase--RNA-(PAMAM)-(zirconia-UF resin--for HPLAC, which possesses starburst dendritic spacer arms, is synthesized and used for the separation of biological macromolecules.     

Synthesis of amphiphilic poly(ether-amide) dendrimer endcapped with poly(ethylene glycol) grafts and its solubilization to salicylic acid

An amphiphilic dendrimer (DPEA-PEG) grafting polyethylene glycol at the terminals was prepared by endcapping of dendritic poly(ether-amide) (DPEA) with isocyanate terminated linear polyethylene glycol (PEG-NCO). The molecular structure was verified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), ¹H NMR and FT-IR. The micelle characteristic of DPEA-PEG in water was investigated. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined by a fluorescence technique to be 55.5 mg/L. The hydrodynamic radius of micelles was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to be 76.2 nm. The UV–vis spectrum showed that the solubility of salicylic acid increased from 1.91 to 2.78 mg/L when the concentration of DPEA-PEG attained 5 mg/mL in an aqueous solution.     

苯丙氨酸改性树枝状聚赖氨酸的合成及表征

以双芴甲氧羰基赖氨酸(Di- Fmoc -Lysine)为支化单元采用固相多肽合成技术制备了一种树枝状聚赖氨酸.该聚合物表面活性氨基通过与芴甲氧羰基苯丙氨酸(Fmoc- Phe)反应获得表面完全替代的苯丙氨酸改性树枝状聚赖氨酸.产物的分子量和结构经MS和NMR进行了表征.研究结果表明,利用该方法得到的产物分子量单一,是一种潜在的理想非病毒治疗载体.     

树枝状醚酰胺多官能团(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物的合成及其紫外光固化性能的研究

合成了树枝状(甲基)丙烯酸化醚酰胺低聚物,采用拉曼光谱、光-差热分析和动态力学热分析方法对其紫外光固化动力学和固化膜热机械性能进行了研究.结果表明,这种树枝状低聚物在紫外光照下双键转化率可达80%以上,且其最大反应速率、固化膜的软化温度和玻璃化转变温度随双键浓度的增大而提高.     

两亲性树枝状大分子作为药物缓释载体的研究

利用胆酸对1代聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子进行修饰,得到两亲性树枝状大分子(PAMAM1-CA6)。采用1H-NMR和酸碱滴定法测得每个1代PAMAM分子上共价键连了6个胆酸分子。PAMAM1-CA6在水相中自组装成纳米粒子,粒径约为273nm。以抗癌药物氨甲喋呤为模型考察了此两亲性树枝状大分子对药物的缓释行为。在碱性条件下(pH=10),PAMAM1-CA6对氨甲喋呤的释放较为缓慢;随着溶液pH的降低,药物的释放速率明显加快。说明PAMAM1-CA6对氨甲喋呤的释放具有环境响应性。体外细胞实验的结果表明,PAMAM1-CA6能够显著地提高氨甲喋呤的疗效。因此,这类由低代树枝状大分子制得的材料有望成为新型的药物控释载体。     

The morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystallized from blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(ethyl acrylate)

A combined optical and electron microscopical study has been carried out of the crystallization habits of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF₂) when it is crystallized from blends with noncrystallizable poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA). The PVF₂/PEA weight ratios were 0.5/99.5,5/95, and 15/85. Isothermal crystallization upon cooling the blends from the single-phase liquid region was carried out in the range 135–155°C, in which the polymer crystallizes in the α-orthorhombic unit cell form. The 0.5/99.5 blend yielded multilayered and planar lamellar crystals. The lamellae formed at low undercoolings were lozenge shaped and bounded laterally by {110} faces. This habit is prototypical of the dendritic lateral habits exhibited by the crystals grown from the same blend at high undercoolings as well as by the constituent lamellae in the incipient spherulitic aggregates and banded spherulites that formed from the 5/95 and the 15/85 blends, respectively. In contrast with the planar crystals grown from the 0.5/99.5 blend, the formation of the aggregates grown from the 5/95 blend is governed by a conformationally complex motif of dendritic lamellar growth and proliferation. The development of these aggregates is characterized by the twisting of the orientation of lamellae about their preferential b-axis direction of growth, coupled with a fan-like splaying or spreading of lamellae about that axis. The radial growth in the banded spherulites formed from the 15/85 blend is governed by a radially periodic repetition of a similar lamellar twisting/fan-like spreading growth motif whose recurrence corresponds to the extinction band spacing. This motif differs in its fan-like splaying component from banding due to just a helicoidal twisting of lamellae about the radial direction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Metallodendrimers: homo- and heterogeneous tier construction by bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridinyl)Ru(II) complex connectivity

A convenient combinatorial-style route for the incorporation of multiple, differing functional groups, in a controllable ratio, onto a dendritic poly(propylene imine) scaffolding is described. Attachment of the functionality is accomplished by the connective formation of bis(2,2′:6′,2-terpyridine)Ru(II) complexes via reaction of a terpyridine-modified dendritic surface with 1→3 branched monomers each possessing a focal terpyridine moiety. This synthetic approach produces a heterogeneous surface coating that is compared and contrasted to that of analogous homogeneous surfaced constructs. UV-vis absorption and TGA data for the metallodendrimers are also reported.     

Synthesis and anti-aging property in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber of non-aromatic dendritic antioxidant with amine groups

A novel kind of antioxidant with dendritic structure and amine groups for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) was synthesized via the combination of Michael addition and nucleophilic reactions. Structures of the synthesized non-aromatic dendritic antioxidants, namely first-generation (1.0 G), second-generation (2.0 G), third-generation (3.0 G) dendritic polyamidoamine (DPAMAM) and hyperbranched polyamidoamine (HPAMAM), were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (¹H NMR). Anti-aging properties of the antioxidants for NBR vulcanizates were evaluated by accelerated thermal aging tests and extraction resistance tests. The decomposition of vulcanizates containing dendritic antioxidants were investigated by thermogravimetric (TGA) curves, and the thermo-oxidative aging kinetic parameters were calculated by the Dakin-Ozawa-Doyle (DOD) method. Compared with conventional aromatic antioxidant N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine (4010NA), the anti-aging properties of 1.0 G and 2.0 G DPAMAM were at the same level, while that of 3.0 G DPAMAM and HPAMAM were further improved. Meanwhile, HPAMAM and 3.0 G PAMAM showed better extraction resistance in NBR vulcanizates than 4010NA, thus indicating superior anti-aging performances. Maximum service temperatures (T_max) under 30 years of service life span of NBR vulcanizates containing HPAMAM and 3.0 G DPAMAM were 219°C and 221°C, 15°C and 17°C higher than that of sample with 4010NA respectively.     

树枝形聚合物修饰双8-羟基喹啉衍生物的合成及稳态光物理性质研究

设计合成了1 3代芳醚骨架树枝形聚合物修饰的双8 羟基喹啉衍生物.对这些化合物在不同溶剂中的荧光光谱研究表明,随着代数的增加,目标树枝形聚合物的荧光量子产率增大,树枝形聚合物对核心发色团具有一定的隔离作用,并且目标分子内可以发生从骨架向核心发色团的能量传递.     

Modification and Electrochemical Properties of Poly(phenylazomethine) Derivatives

Summary: Oligo(phenylazomethine)s (OPAs) and aniline-capped OPAs (OPA's) are used as model compounds of polyphenylazomethine (PPA), and their fundamental properties and their modification methods are investigated. Cyclic voltammograms of bis(diphenylmethyleneamino)benzene (OPA2′) showed irreversible redox response in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. A selective synthesis of oligophenanthridine was achieved through the photocyclization of OPA2′ in concentrated sulfuric acid. Stepwise complexation behavior in dendritic poly(phenylazomethine)s (DPAs) was supported by the shell-selective reduction of the imines. Using the shell-selective reduction method and the terminal-modification method of the DPAs, the core and terminals of DPAs were functionalized by ferrocene units, respectively.     

Temperature-sensitive polyamidoamine dendrimer/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels with improved responsive properties

Novel temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer G6-NH2 hydrogels with fast responsive properties were synthesized by forming semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks. In contrast to the conventional PNIPA hydrogel, these new gels showed rapid shrinking rate at the temperature above lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and exhibited higher equilibrium swelling ratio at room temperature. All these properties might be attributed to the incorporation of polyamidoamine dendrimer G6-NH2, which forms water-releasing channels and increases the hydrophilicity of PNIPA network. The novel hydrogels have potential applications in drug and gene delivery.