On the ISS model of dynamical SUSY breaking

In this Letter we would like to apply the superconformal index technique to give one more evidence for the theory proposed by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shenker (ISS) as being described by interacting conformal field theory in its IR fixed point.     

Metastable SUSY Breaking – Predicting the Fate of the Universe

The possibility that supersymmetry (SUSY) could be broken in a metastable vacuum has recently attracted renewed interest. In these proceedings we will argue that metastability is an attractive and testable scenario. The recent developments were triggered by the presentation of a simple and calculable model of metastable SUSY breaking by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih (ISS), which we will briefly review. One of the main questions raised by metastability is, why did the universe end up in this vacuum. Using the ISS model as an example we will argue that in a large class of models the universe is automatically driven into the metastable state during the early hot phase and gets trapped there. This makes metastability a natural option from the cosmological point of view. However, it may be more than that. The phenomenologically required gaugino masses require the breaking of R-symmetry. However, in scenarios with a low supersymmetry breaking scale, e.g., gauge mediation a powerful theorem due to Nelson and Seiberg places this at odds with supersymmetry breaking in a truely stable state and metstability becomes (nearly) inevitable. Turning around one can now experimentally test whether gauge mediation is realised in nature thereby automatically testing the possibility of a metastability of the vacuum. Indeed, already the LHC may give us crucial information about the stability of the vacuum.     

Multi-instanton check of the relation between the prepotential F and the modulus u in N = 2 SUSY Yang-Mills theory

By examining multi-instantons in N = 2 supersymmetric SU(2) gauge theory, we derive, on very general grounds, and to all orders in the instanton number, a relationship between the prepotential

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(Φ), and the coordinate on the quantum moduli space u = TrΦ². This relation was previously obtained by Matone in the context of the explicit Seiberg-Witten low-energy solution of the model. Our findings can be viewed as a multi-instanton check of the proposed exact results in supersymmetric gauge theory.     

On the relation between Brueckner theory and Jastrow theory of nuclear matter

The two- and three-hole-line contributions to the ground state energy as calculated from Brueckner theory are derived from a cluster expansion followed by variation of the trial function. The implications of that derivation both for Brueckner theory and for Jastrow theory are worked out in detail. It is argued that the Jastrow theory is able to give simpler methods to calculate the ground state energy which may be of the same accuracy as current Brueckner calculations. It is shown that the single-particle potential of Brueckner theory is intimately related to a subsidiary condition used in the variation of the trial function. The main steps which have to be taken in a derivation of the general hole-line expansion from Jastrow theory are indicated. It is shown that the hole-line expansion is not a cluster expansion in the sense of Jastrow theory, and an interpretation is given of the “self-consistent choice” of the single-particle potential advocated in Brueckner theory.     

Calculations of ferromagnetic surface dynamics using the Green's functions theory and matching procedure

A Heisenberg model is employed to study the spin fluctuation dynamics on a (001) ferromagnetic surface using a new theoretical formalism. The solution of the full magnetic problem arising from the absence of magnetic translation symmetry in one dimension due to the presence of a magnetic surface is presented. The calculations are described using simultaneously a closed form of the spin-wave Green's function and the matching procedure in the random-phase approximation. Analytic expressions for the Green's functions are also derived in a low-temperature spin-wave approximation. The theoretical approach determines the bulk and evanescent spin fluctuation fields in the two dimensional plane normal to the surface. The results are used to calculate the localised modes of magnons associated with the surface. Numerical examples of the modes are given and they are found to exhibit various effects due to the interplay between the bulk and surface modes. It is shown that there may be surface spin-waves that decay in amplitude with distance into the bulk domain. Also the bulk spin fluctuations field as well as the magnons localised at the surface depend on the nature of the bulk-surface coupling exchange. The unstable surface magnetic configurations are illustrated and discussed. The results derived from the dynamic correlation functions between a pair of spin operators at any two sites are employed to evaluate the spin deviation in the ferromagnet due to localised surface modes obtained by the matching procedure as a function of temperature. Received 21 April 2002 / Received in final form 25 October 2002 Published online 14 March 2003     

A new relation restricting the Green functions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> = 1 supersymmetric electrodynamics

For the N = 1 supersymmetric electrodynamics it is shown that if the Gell-Mann-Low function coincides with the exact Novikov-Shifman-Vainstein-Zakharov β-function (NSVZ β-function), then the sum of some effective diagrams with vertices of three and four points is zero.     

Dynamical Breaking of Supersymmetry and Its Restoration at High Temperatures

The dynamical breaking of the supersymmetric Higgs model is discussed without adding the Fayet—Iliopoulos term to the Lagrangian. It is shown, in terms of the Nambu—Jona-Lasinio mechanism, that the supersymmetry breaking can be realized dynamically in the supersymmetric Higgs model. The supersymmetry behavior at finite temperatures is also investigated and it is shown that the supersymmetry broken dynamically at zero temperature can be restored at finite temperatures.     

Green's functions and matrix elements in the Furry picture for the electroweak theory with a non-Abelian external field

We obtain explict expressions of all types of Green's functions in the Furry picture of the electroweak theory with a free, non-Abelian external field, by solving the corresponding one-particle equations. We also give the expressions for the matrix elements of simple processes in an external field.Tomsk Pedagogical Institute. University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 37–41, May, 1993.     

Analytic properties of the Green's functions with respect to the coupling constant in an exactly solvable model of field theory

It is found in an exactly solvable model of field theory that Green's functions for boson fields are analytic in the coupling constant, except for a cut along the real semiaxis. In the case of fermion fields, Green's functions are analytic in the coupling constant near zero.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 28–30, November, 1978.     

Fabrication of structures with tunable morphologies and sizes by soft molding

This paper presents a simple and versatile patterning method to fabricate polymer patterns with different morphologies and sizes by utilizing soft molding. When a patterned elastomeric stamp was placed on the polymer solution dropped on the substrate, the polymer solution will fill into the grooves of the stamp under capillary force. Through the modulation of the polymer concentration, it is possible to produce highly regular and reproducible polymer patterns with tunable morphologies and sizes using the same microscopic patterned mold. The gained polymer patterns can be further transferred to produce second-generation stamps.     

Far-infrared spectrum and the soft mode of ferroelectric betaine phosphite

The far-infrared reflection spectra of betaine phosphite single crystals in the three crystallographic directions are investigated in the range from 5 to 600 cm^?1 at temperatures between 203 and 323 K using a dispersive Fourier spectrometer. The dielectric function is evaluated from the complex amplitude reflection coefficient measured. In the spectrum polarized along the ferroelectric direction a soft mode of relaxation type is observed which accounts for a large part of the relevant static dielectric constant at T_c = 210 K. Among the oscillator modes, which generally exhibit normal temperature dependence, there is a heavily overdamped mode at 58 cm^?1, polarized along the crystallographia a₁ axis, with anomalous damping behaviour. The damping constant decreases nearly linearly with temperature up to 323 K which is close to T = 355 K where a second phase transition is known to exist.     

Remarks on the relation between general relativity and quantum theory

A discussion of the diffraction and scattering of particles by a grating shows that the experiment discussed by H. Hönl and by L. Rosenfeld in 1965 and again in 1981 does not reveal any contradiction between general relativity and quantum theory. Moreover, these theories, in principle, cannot refute one another because the (weak) principle of equivalence, underlying general relativity theory, entails that gravitation does not alter the laws of microphysics.Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Helmut Hönl (1903–1981).     

Application of higher-order KdV——mKdV model with higher-degree nonlinear terms to gravity waves in atmosphere

Higher-order Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)-modified KdV (mKdV) equations with a higher-degree of nonlinear terms are derived from a simple incompressible non-hydrostatic Boussinesq equation set in atmosphere and are used to investigate gravity waves in atmosphere. By taking advantage of the auxiliary nonlinear ordinary differential equation, periodic wave and solitary wave solutions of the fifth-order KdV--mKdV models with higher-degree nonlinear terms are obtained under some constraint conditions. The analysis shows that the propagation and the periodic structures of gravity waves depend on the properties of the slope of line of constant phase and atmospheric stability. The Jacobi elliptic function wave and solitary wave solutions with slowly varying amplitude are transformed into triangular waves with the abruptly varying amplitude and breaking gravity waves under the effect of atmospheric instability.     

A statistical study of the relation between soft X-ray excess and accretion disk

To study the origin of the soft X-ray excess, we compile a sample of 94 unobscured, radio-quiet QSOs and Seyfert galaxies with available data from GALEX and ROSAT. We find that 50 sources show strong soft X-ray excess and the other 44 show weak/no soft X-ray excess. Systematic analyses of the data indicate that the difference in soft X-rays is mainly but not only resulting from different accretion rates (in units of Eddington rate). The statistical study of the sources with soft X-ray excess shows that the strength of soft X-ray excess weakly and positively correlates with the Eddington ratio and increases with the increase of the strength of UV radiations relative to the X-rays. Provided that the UV emissions are from the thin disk, the correlations imply that the origin of soft X-ray excess is associated with the thin disk, either by means of Comptonization of the disk photons or in some other ways.

     

The relation between the boundary diffraction wave theory and physical optics

The physical optics surface integral is asymptotically reduced to a line integral along the contour of the diffracting edge. It is shown that the resultant integral can be separated into two sub-integrals which represent the reflected and transmitted diffracted fields. The integrands are transformed into the same forms with the potential function of the boundary diffraction wave theory.     

On the Polyakov theory of open string off-shell green functions

A Polyakov theory of oriented open-bosonic-string off-shell Green functions is illustrated. It is shown that the relevant world sheets are manifolds with corners. The structure of the gauge group in relation to the corners is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the mapping-class group factorizes into the semidirect product of the subgroup of all mapping-classes which leave the corners fixed with a finite group whose definition and properties are explicitly given. The gauge volume of the latter is divided out, leading to a simplified starting expression. Further, it is shown that the final expression is an integral over an extended moduli space, defined as the quotient of the space of all admissible metrics by the semidirect product of the Weyl group with the subgroup of all diffeomorphisms which leave the corners fixed.