On fully operator Lipschitz functions

Let be the disc algebra of all continuous complex-valued functions on the unit disc holomorphic in its interior. Functions from act on the set of all contraction operators (A1) on Hilbert spaces. It is proved that the following classes of functions from coincide: (1) the class of operator Lipschitz functions on the unit circle ; (2) the class of operator Lipschitz functions on ; and (3) the class of operator Lipschitz functions on all contraction operators. A similar result is obtained for the class of operator C₂-Lipschitz functions from .     

Weakly sequentially continuous differentiable mappings

It is well known that a (linear) operator between Banach spaces is completely continuous if and only if its adjoint takes bounded subsets of Y^* into uniformly completely continuous subsets, often called (L)-subsets, of X^*. We give similar results for differentiable mappings. More precisely, if UX is an open convex subset, let be a differentiable mapping whose derivative is uniformly continuous on U-bounded subsets. We prove that f takes weak Cauchy U-bounded sequences into convergent sequences if and only if f^′ takes Rosenthal U-bounded subsets of U into uniformly completely continuous subsets of . As a consequence, we extend a result of P. Hájek and answer a question raised by R. Deville and E. Matheron. We derive differentiable characterizations of Banach spaces not containing ℓ₁ and of Banach spaces without the Schur property containing a copy of ℓ₁. Analogous results are given for differentiable mappings taking weakly convergent U-bounded sequences into convergent sequences. Finally, we show that if X has the hereditary Dunford–Pettis property, then every differentiable function as above is locally weakly sequentially continuous.     

Widths of weighted Sobolev classes on the ball

We study the Kolmogorov n-widths and the linear n-widths of weighted Sobolev classes on the unit ball B^d in L_q,μ, where L_q,μ, 1≤q≤∞, denotes the weighted L_q space of functions on B^d with respect to weight . Optimal asymptotic orders of and as n→∞ are obtained for all 1≤p,q≤∞ and μ≥0.     

Flows associated to adapted vector fields on the Wiener space

The existence and uniqueness of a flow associated to an adapted vector field ξ on the Wiener space with are proved by a modified Picard's iteration method, mainly under the conditions of exponential integrability concerning b^α as well as the first-order Malliavin gradients of and b^α. A Newton–Leibnitz type inequality for a kind of Malliavin differentiable functionals is also proved, which is the key point to prove the above result, and has an independent interest.     

Relative asymptotic of multiple orthogonal polynomials for Nikishin systems

We prove the relative asymptotic behavior for the ratio of two sequences of multiple orthogonal polynomials with respect to the Nikishin systems of measures. The first Nikishin system is such that for each k, σ_k has a constant sign on its compact support consisting of an interval , on which almost everywhere, and a discrete set without accumulation points in . If denotes the smallest interval containing , we assume that Δ_k∩Δ_k+1=0/, k=1,…,m−1. The second Nikishin system is a perturbation of the first by means of rational functions r_k, k=1,…,m, whose zeros and poles lie in .     

Inheritance of hyper-duality in imprimitive Bose–Mesner algebras

We prove the following result concerning the inheritance of hyper-duality by block and quotient Bose–Mesner algebras associated with a hyper-dual pair of imprimitive Bose–Mesner algebras. Let and denote Bose–Mesner algebras. Suppose there is a hyper-duality ψ from the subconstituent algebra of with respect to p to the subconstituent algebra of with respect to . Also suppose that is imprimitive with respect to a subset of Hadamard idempotents, so is dual imprimitive with respect to the subset of primitive idempotents, where is the formal duality associated with ψ. Let denote the block Bose–Mesner algebra of on the block containing p, and let denote the quotient Bose–Mesner algebra of with respect to . Then there is a hyper-duality from the subconstituent algebra of with respect to p to the subconstituent algebra of with respect to .     

Ratio and relative asymptotics of polynomials orthogonal with respect to varying Denisov-type measures

Let μ be a finite positive Borel measure with compact support consisting of an interval plus a set of isolated points in , such that μ^′>0 almost everywhere on [c,d]. Let , be a sequence of polynomials, , with real coefficients whose zeros lie outside the smallest interval containing the support of μ. We prove ratio and relative asymptotics of sequences of orthogonal polynomials with respect to varying measures of the form dμ/w_2n. In particular, we obtain an analogue for varying measures of Denisov's extension of Rakhmanov's theorem on ratio asymptotics. These results on varying measures are applied to obtain ratio asymptotics for orthogonal polynomials with respect to fixed measures on the unit circle and for multi-orthogonal polynomials in which the measures involved are of the type described above.     

Lattices generated by orbits of subspaces under finite singular pseudo-symplectic groups I

Let be the (2ν+1+l)-dimensional vector space over the finite field . In the paper we assume that is a finite field of characteristic 2, and the singular pseudo-symplectic groups of degree 2ν+1+l over . Let be any orbit of subspaces under . Denote by the set of subspaces which are intersections of subspaces in and the intersection of the empty set of subspaces of is assumed to be . By ordering by ordinary or reverse inclusion, two lattices are obtained. This paper studies the inclusion relations between different lattices, a characterization of subspaces contained in a given lattice , and the characteristic polynomial of .     

Inverse eigenproblem for -symmetric matrices and their approximation

Let be a nontrivial involution, i.e., R=R⁻¹≠±I_n. We say that is R-symmetric if RGR=G. The set of all -symmetric matrices is denoted by . In this paper, we first give the solvability condition for the following inverse eigenproblem (IEP): given a set of vectors in and a set of complex numbers , find a matrix such that and are, respectively, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A. We then consider the following approximation problem: Given an n×n matrix , find such that , where is the solution set of IEP and is the Frobenius norm. We provide an explicit formula for the best approximation solution by means of the canonical correlation decomposition.     

Semifields of order with left nucleus and center

In [G. Marino, O. Polverino, R. Trombetti, On -linear sets of PG(3,q³) and semifields, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 114 (5) (2007) 769–788] it has been proven that there exist six non-isotopic families (i=0,…,5) of semifields of order q⁶ with left nucleus and center , according to the different geometric configurations of the associated -linear sets. In this paper we first prove that any semifield of order q⁶ with left nucleus , right and middle nuclei and center is isotopic to a cyclic semifield. Then, we focus on the family by proving that it can be partitioned into three further non-isotopic families: , , and we show that any semifield of order q⁶ with left nucleus , right and middle nuclei and center belongs to the family .     

Pure inductive limit state and Kolmogorov's property

Let be a C^*-dynamical system where be a semigroup of injective endomorphism and ψ be an (λ_t) invariant state on the C^* subalgebra and is either non-negative integers or real numbers. The central aim of this exposition is to find a useful criteria for the inductive limit state canonically associated with ψ to be pure. We achieve this by exploring the minimal weak forward and backward Markov processes associated with the Markov semigroup on the corner von-Neumann algebra of the support projection of the state ψ to prove that Kolmogorov's property [A. Mohari, Markov shift in non-commutative probability, J. Funct. Anal. 199 (2003) 189–209] of the Markov semigroup is a sufficient condition for the inductive state to be pure. As an application of this criteria we find a sufficient condition for a translation invariant factor state on a one-dimensional quantum spin chain to be pure. This criteria in a sense complements criteria obtained in [O. Bratteli, P.E.T. Jorgensen, A. Kishimoto, R.F. Werner, Pure states on , J. Operator Theory 43 (1) (2000) 97–143; A. Mohari, Markov shift in non-commutative probability, J. Funct. Anal. 199 (2003) 189–209] as we could go beyond lattice symmetric states.     

Some rigidity results for non-commutative Bernoulli shifts

We introduce the outer conjugacy invariants , for cocycle actions σ of discrete groups G on type II₁ factors N, as the set of real numbers t>0 for which the amplification σ^t of σ can be perturbed to an action, respectively, to a weakly mixing action. We calculate explicitly and the fundamental group of σ, , in the case G has infinite normal subgroups with the relative property (T) (e.g., when G itself has the property (T) of Kazhdan) and σ is an action of G on the hyperfinite II₁ factor by Connes–Størmer Bernoulli shifts of weights {t_i}_i. Thus, and coincide with the multiplicative subgroup S of generated by the ratios {t_i/t_j}_i,j, while if S={1} (i.e. when all weights are equal), and otherwise. In fact, we calculate all the “1-cohomology picture” of σ^t,t>0, and classify the actions (σ,G) in terms of their weights {t_i}_i. In particular, we show that any 1-cocycle for (σ,G) vanishes, modulo scalars, and that two such actions are cocycle conjugate iff they are conjugate. Also, any cocycle action obtained by reducing a Bernoulli action of a group G as above on to the algebra pNp, for p a projection in N, p≠0,1, cannot be perturbed to a genuine action.     

On the normalizing groupoids and the commensurability groupoids for inclusions of factors associated to ergodic equivalence relations–subrelations

It is shown that for the inclusion of factors corresponding to an inclusion of ergodic discrete measured equivalence relations , is normal in in the sense of Feldman–Sutherland–Zimmer [J. Feldman, C.E. Sutherland, R.J. Zimmer, Subrelations of ergodic equivalence relations, Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 9 (1989) 239–269] if and only if A is generated by the normalizing groupoid of B. Moreover, we show that there exists the largest intermediate equivalence subrelation which contains as a normal subrelation. We further give a definition of “commensurability groupoid” as a generalization of normality. We show that the commensurability groupoid of B in A generates A if and only if the inclusion BA is discrete in the sense of Izumi–Longo–Popa [M. Izumi, R. Longo, S. Popa, A Galois correspondence for compact groups of automorphisms of von Neumann algebras with a generalization to Kac algebras, J. Funct. Anal. 155 (1998) 25–63]. We also show that there exists the largest equivalence subrelation such that the inclusion is discrete. It turns out that the intermediate equivalence subrelations and thus defined can be viewed as groupoid-theoretic counterparts of a normalizer subgroup and a commensurability subgroup in group theory.     

Constructing arithmetic subgroups of unipotent groups

Let G be a unipotent algebraic subgroup of some defined over . We describe an algorithm for finding a finite set of generators of the subgroup . This is based on a new proof of the result (in more general form due to Borel and Harish-Chandra) that such a finite generating set exists.     

Index theory for boundary value problems via continuous fields of -algebras

We prove an index theorem for boundary value problems in Boutet de Monvel's calculus on a compact manifold X with boundary. The basic tool is the tangent semi-groupoid generalizing the tangent groupoid defined by Connes in the boundaryless case, and an associated continuous field of C^*-algebras over [0,1]. Its fiber in =0, , can be identified with the symbol algebra for Boutet de Monvel's calculus; for ≠0 the fibers are isomorphic to the algebra of compact operators. We therefore obtain a natural map . Using deformation theory we show that this is the analytic index map. On the other hand, using ideas from noncommutative geometry, we construct the topological index map and prove that it coincides with the analytic index map.     

Two canonical passive state/signal shift realizations of passive discrete time behaviors

A discrete time invariant linear state/signal system Σ with a Hilbert state space and a Kren signal space has trajectories (x(),w()) that are solutions of the equation , where F is a bounded linear operator from into with a closed domain whose projection onto is all of . This system is passive if the graph of F is a maximal nonnegative subspace of the Kren space . The future behavior of a passive system Σ is the set of all signal components w() of trajectories (x(),w()) of Σ on with x(0)=0 and . This is always a maximal nonnegative shift-invariant subspace of the Kren space , i.e., the space endowed with the indefinite inner product inherited from . Subspaces of with this property are called passive future behaviors. In this work we study passive state/signal systems and passive behaviors (future, full, and past). In particular, we define and study the input and output maps of a passive state/signal system, and the past/future map of a passive behavior. We then turn to the inverse problem, and construct two passive state/signal realizations of a given passive future behavior , one of which is observable and backward conservative, and the other controllable and forward conservative. Both of these are canonical in the sense that they are uniquely determined by the given data , in contrast earlier realizations that depend not only on , but also on some arbitrarily chosen fundamental decomposition of the signal space . From our canonical realizations we are able to recover the two standard de Branges–Rovnyak input/state/output shift realizations of a given operator-valued Schur function in the unit disk.     

The equation on weakly pseudo-convex CR manifolds of dimension 3

Let M be a smooth, compact, orientable, weakly pseudoconvex manifold of dimension 3, embedded in (N2), of codimension one or more, and endowed with the induced CR structure. Assuming that the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operator has closed range in L²(M) in order to rule out the Rossi example, we push regularity up to show has closed range in H^s(M) for all s>0. We then use the Szegö projection to show there is a smooth solution for the problem given smooth data. The results are obtained via microlocalization by piecing together estimates for functions and (0,1) forms that hold on different microlocal regions.     

Asymptotic expression of the linear discrete best -approximation

Let h_p, 1<p<∞, be the best ℓ_p-approximation of the element from a proper affine subspace K of , hK, and let denote the strict uniform approximation of h from K. We prove that there are a vector and a real number a, 0a1, such that

for all p>1, where with γ_p=o(a^p/p).     

Mosco convergence of Dirichlet forms in infinite dimensions with changing reference measures

Let E be an infinite-dimensional locally convex space, let {μ_n} be a weakly convergent sequence of probability measures on E, and let be a sequence of Dirichlet forms on E such that is defined on L²(μ_n). General sufficient conditions for Mosco convergence of the gradient Dirichlet forms are obtained. Applications to Gibbs states on a lattice and to the Gaussian case are given. Weak convergence of the associated processes is discussed.     

A note on the distance between two consecutive zeros of m-orthogonal polynomials for a generalized Jacobi weight

Let , with

-1=x_0n<x_1n<<x_nn<x_n+1,n=1