GC-MS法测定拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

介绍了蔬菜水果中8种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的快速检测方法。采用选择离子-气相色谱-质谱联用(SIM-GC-MS)方式,依据保留时间和特征离子丰度比对农药进行确证。此方法可以在13.50 min内快速检测拟除虫菊酯农药残留,并可同时定性和定量,用于蔬菜水果等多种作物的检验。回收率在75%~108%间,相对标准偏差<10%,检出限为0.000 90~0.008 4 mg.kg-1。     

气相色谱法测定果蔬中5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立快速、准确测定果蔬中5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的方法。采用漩涡振荡提取农药残留,固相萃取柱净化,毛细管柱气相色谱法-μECD检测器测定。该法可同时分离检测5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留,检出限为0.001～0.005μg/mL。拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量在0.01～1μg/mL范围内与色谱峰高线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.9998。测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.8%～10.5%(n=6),回收率为89.9%～105.0%。     

蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂多残留气相色谱检测方法

本文介绍了6种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂在蔬菜中的双柱单检测器多残留分析方法。样品用丙酮提取,弗罗里硅土净化,气相色谱电子捕获检测器定量测定。经对黄瓜、番茄、大白菜、青椒进行添加回收率试验,其回收率在87.6%～105.1％之间,变异系数1.2～7.2%。最低检出浓度0.001～0.10mg/kg。     

气相色谱法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中6种拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量

建立了气相色谱法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯残留量的分析方法.采用HP-5石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)和电子捕获检测器测定,用6种农药的基准物质配成混合标准溶液,制作浓度范围在0.1～0.4 mg/L之间的校正曲线,6条曲线的相关系数分别为0.9996、0.9997、0.9992、0.9997、0.9991和0.9985.样品加标回收率为88.1%～106.7%,相对标准偏差为0.014%～0.04%,检出限分别为0.005、0.001、0.0005、0.01、0.005和0.005 mg/kg.     

气相色谱-质谱法检测茶饮料中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了同时检测茶饮料中12种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法.样品经乙酸乙酯萃取后,用PSA固相萃取柱(伯仲氨基柱)净化,再由气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱分时段选择离子监测技术进行测定.12种拟除虫菊酯在0.05～1.0 μg/mL浓度范围内,线性相关系数为0.9989～0.9997.在0.02×10-3,0.04×10-3和...     

中草药中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的测定

建立了中草药中11种有机氯农药和8种拟除虫菊酯农药的残留气相色谱分析方法。样品用含30％丙酮的乙腈提取,用正己烷进行液液分配,提取液用弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用兰州化物所的农残Ⅱ号毛细管柱分离,用GC-ECD同时检测。在两个水平添加时的回收率(n=5)分别为78．6％～119．7％和86．5％～114．0％,相对标准偏差分别为3．6％～8．7％和4．4％～10．2％。该方法的检出限为：有机氯农药0．005mg／kg,拟除虫菊酯农药0．01mg／kg。方法用于江西中草药样品中农药残留测定,结果满意。     

茶叶中7种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的测定

用宽口径弹性石英柱色谱分析法测定了茶叶中7种菊酯类农药残留。试验了样品中农药残留物的提取方法,确定了最佳分析条件。该法最低检出浓度为1．0－5．5μg/kg,样品加标回收率为84．6％－95．0％。     

气相色谱法测定茶叶中7种拟除虫菊酯农药残留

20世纪 40至 80年代 ,茶园中使用的杀虫剂品种主要是滴滴涕。六六六等有机氯杀虫剂 ,虽然这些农药品种对茶树上鳞翅目食叶害虫等有良好的效果 ,但因其高残留高毒性逐渐被淘汰禁用。自2 0世纪 70年中期起 ,拟除虫菊酯类农药品种大量发展 ,这类农药的毒性一般较大 ,有一定蓄积性 ,有些品种有致癌、致畸、致突变作用 ,其主要中毒症状表现为神经系统症状及皮肤症状。以往此类农药在茶叶中残留测定未得到应有重视 ,文献中较少报道 ,因此对茶叶中此类农药残留测定十分重要 ,也很迫切 ,本文选用宽口径毛细管柱 ,7种菊酯类农药得到有效分离 ,检测结…     

中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱测定方法

首次建立了中药材中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的提取、净化及其毛细管气相色谱测定法。运用混合溶剂提取,填有Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ和氧化铝的层析柱净化。样品中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的添加回收率分别为９４．３０％～９９．３４％,９５．１７％～１０１．５５％和８９．１２％～１００．９７％;ＲＳＤ分别为４．０２％～８．２２％,１．９０％～８．０４％和３．７５％～５．０９％。结果表明,被测样品中除白芍外均含有氰戊菊酯,个别样品中含溴氰菊酯。实验表明,该法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、操作简便、净化效果好、适用性广等特点     

气相色谱法测定茶叶中多种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

1　引　　言茶叶是我国传统经济作物和出口商品。近年来茶叶的安全卫生越来越引起人们的重视 ,也成为了国际贸易中的技术壁垒。欧盟即将实行的农残限量标准 ,项目多达 91项 ,联苯菊酯和氰戊菊酯的ＭＲＬ分别由原来的 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ和 10ｍｇ/ｋｇ降低至 0 .5ｍｇ/ｋｇ和 0 .1ｍｇ/ｋｇ。有的ＭＲＬ降得更低。这对检测方法的灵敏度提出了更高的要求。而且 ,由于茶叶成分复杂 ,净化不好极易污染ＥＣＤ检测器 ,严重影响检测结果。因此 ,建立茶叶中多种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的分析方法是当前亟待解决的问题。本文根据欧盟新的农残限量标准和我国…     

玉米赤霉醇酶标抗原的制备及其直接和间接竞争ELISA检测方法的建立与比较

采用活性酯法将半抗原玉米赤霉醇-16-羧丙基醚与辣根过氧化物酶连接,制备了三种结合比的酶标抗原。通过紫外吸收法和直接非竞争ELISA法对酶标抗原的偶联结果和抗原性进行鉴定。最终选择结合比为1.3∶1的酶标抗原建立直接竞争ELISA检测方法。并对建立的直接竞争ELISA(DC-ELISA)与间接竞争ELISA(IC-ELISA)方法在检出限、检测线性范围、检测时间和二抗的使用方面进行了比较。     

Optimization of a Direct Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for Carbofuran and Application to Water Samples

Abstract

A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for carbofuran was developed, which was based on the anti-BFNB IgG monoclonal antibody (McAb) and a homologous enzyme tracer (BFNB-HRP). The influence of several physicochemical factors (salt, pH, detergent, and solvent) on the immunoassay was studied. For the standard curve, an I₅₀ of 2.98 µg/l and a limit of detection (I₁₀) of 0.27 µg/l was obtained in a high salt concentration buffer (0.08 M PBS, pH 7.0) with 0.03% BSA. A common challenge for immunoassay, time-dependent drift, was effectively circumvented in our study. The optimized ELISA has been used to quantify carbofuran in water samples spiked at different amounts. The excellent recoveries (71% to 130%) achieved confirmed the potential of the immunoassay for monitoring of carbofuran in waters without purification steps.     

Development of an Indirect Chemiluminescent Competitive ELISA to Detect Danofloxacin Residues in Milk

In this study, a sensitive and specific indirect chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay method (CL-ELISA) was developed to detect danofloxacin residue in milk. The influence of experimental factors on the results of the method was investigated, including the concentration of coating antigen and primary antibody, the dilution factor of the IgG-HRP antibody, as well as the type of microtiter plate. Under the optimized condition, the linear working range and IC₅₀ value were determined to be 0.025–0.5 ng · mL^?1 and 0.1 ng · mL^?1, respectively. Compared with traditional colorimetric ELISA, the CL-ELISA developed in this research demonstrated significant improvement in terms of sensitivity (20 times improvement) and linear range (25 times wider). The developed method was applied in detection of danofloxacin residue in milk and satisfied recovery rates of 92.6–105.2% and coefficient variations of 2.4–9.5% were obtained, demonstrating that the proposed method was accurate and reliable. Moreover, there was almost no any meaningful cross-reactivity with nine other (fluoro)quinolones, indicating its high specificity.     

异源间接竞争酶联免疫法测定大米及土壤中甲萘威的残留

以6-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)己酸(CNH)偶联牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为免疫原(CNH-BSA)制备高特异性抗体,分别以CNH、4-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)丁酸(CNB)、3-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)丙酸(CNA)偶联卵清蛋白(OVA)得到包被抗原(CNH-OVA,CNB-OVA,CNA-OVA),以上述抗体及包被原作为核心材料,研究了同源包被与异源包被模式及ELISA各影响因素对检测灵敏度的影响,建立了甲萘威异源间接竞争酶联免疫法,并考察了此方法对测定大米及土壤中甲萘威残留的适用性。结果表明:以CNA-OVA异源包被的间接竞争ELISA法具有较高的灵敏度,IC50为(10.51±0.11)μg·L-1,该方法的检测范围为2.07~47.30μg·L-1(以IC20~IC80为标准)。以0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mg·kg-1作为加标浓度,甲萘威在大米中的加标回收率为92.3%~111.6%,土壤中的加标回收率为85.3%~103.2%,相对标准偏差均在10%以内。与HPLC法的比对验证结果表明,ELISA和HPLC两种方法的分析结果无显著性差异(P0.05)。     

Development of Direct Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination Cadmium Residue in Farm Produce

Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, poses a significant threat to human health. Currently, the methods for detecting cadmium residue in farm produce need expensive equipment, intensive labor, and much time to finish one detection. In this study, a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DC-ELISA) based on a cadmium-chelate-specific monoclonal antibody has been developed. The DC-ELISA showed an IC₅₀ of 2.30 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.20 μg/L for cadmium. The assay has been demonstrated to be highly specific since the monoclonal antibody showed little or no cross-reactivity with all tested metal chelates which include Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Co²⁺, Cr²⁺, Ni²⁺, Sn², and K⁺. The assay showed that a mean recovery ranged from 100.47% to 103.86%, and the coefficients of variations for intra- and inter-assay were 1.73–7.14% and 3.63–6.81%, respectively. Then, several farm produces including wheat flour, apple juice, rice flour, and tea were analyzed for cadmium residue with DC-ELISA and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). The correlation coefficient between the DC-ELISA and GFAAS was 0.99. It was demonstrated that the DC-ELISA can be used as a simple and economic method to detect and quantitate cadmium residue in farm produce.     

Development of an Indirect Competitive ELISA Based on Polyclonal Antibody for the Detection of Diethylstilbestrol in Water Samples

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （icELISA） based on polyclonal antibody for the estrogen diethylstilbestrol （DES） was developed. With this aim, two different haptens mono-O-3-carboxypropyldiethylstilbestrol （DES-CP） and mono-O-carboxymethyldiethylstilbestrol （DES-CM） with carboxylic group that preserve the molecular structure character of diethylstilbestrol were synthesized. The haptens were conjugated with the carder proteins bovine serum albumin （BSA） by mixed-anhydride method for immunogen and conjugated with ovalbumin （OVA） by active ester method for coating antigen. Polyclonal antibodies for diethylstilbestrol were raised by immunizing mice with immune antigen DES-CP-BSA. Under optimized system, the lowest limit of detection （LLD） of diethylstilbestrol was 0.01 ng/mL, and IC50= 1.02 ng/mL. Its analogs were tested and no obvious cross-reactivity was found to anti-diethylstilbestrol antibody. DES-fortified water samples were determined by simple dilution to diminish the matrix effect. The comparison between the amount of DES estimated by ELISA and the amount added indicates good agreement for all water samples tested, with mean recovery values ranging from 86% to 120.2%.     

直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法测定氰戊菊酯

采用活性酯法,将氰戊菊酯半抗原N-[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酰基]-4-氨基丁酸与载体蛋白共价偶联合成突出氰戊菊酯分子结构特征的人工抗原和包被原.以人工抗原免疫新西兰白兔制备抗血清,采用(NH4)2SO4分步盐析和DEAE纤维素柱层析法从抗血清中分离纯化对氰戊菊酯具特异性亲和力的抗体,采用活性酯法,以辣根过氧化物酶标记半抗原N-[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酰基]-6-氨基己酸.采用固定抗体、氰戊菊酯和酶标半抗原直接竞争结合固相抗体的模式, 建立对氰戊菊酯具高特异性的酶联免疫吸附分析方法.在优化条件下, 测定氰戊菊酯标样检测的线性浓度范围为0.001～10.0 mg/L; 检出限0.001 mg/L; 相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为9.19%.小白菜中分别添加0.10和5.0 mg/kg氰戊菊酯,直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)测定,重复6次,回收率分别为83.8%～109%和93.6%～110%; RSD分别为11.7%和7.25%.对实际样品的有效检出限为0.007 mg/L.其它常用拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂(氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊脂、功夫菊酯、醚菊酯、联苯菊酯)不干扰氰戊菊酯的测定.     

Development of ELISA and immunochromatographic assay for ofloxacin

Two rapid,sensitive and reliable immunoassay methods,namely competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(CI- ELISA)and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay(CGIA),were developed to detect ofloxacin(OFL).The linear range of the CI-ELISAwas from 0.5 to 128 ng/mL with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.35 ng/mL.Good recoveries were obtained in analyzing simulated swine urine samples.The CGIA could accurately estimate OFL at concentrations as low as 10 ng/mL in less than 10 min,and test results were read visually without any instrument.     

Direct competitive ELISA for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil samples

A direct competitive ELISA for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in soil samples was described. The standard calibration curve based on Delor 103 (Aroclor 1242) was constructed in the dynamic range of 10-1000 micro g L(-1) and a detection limit of 5.0-12.9 micro g L(-1) (or 0.5-1.29 micro g g(-1) soil) was achieved. When spiked soil samples were extracted with methanol recoveries were 90.6-106.3 %. The effect of methanol and DMSO on assay signal and sensitivity was established. Eight PCB-contaminated soil samples were analyzed by ELISA and gas chromatography (GC). The ELISA results from Soxhlet extraction were in a good agreement with those of GC (correlation coefficient 0.9866; n=8). Except for one soil sample the results from ELISA with methanol extraction were not significantly different from those from GC.