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一段反应法制备宽/双峰聚乙烯催化剂的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阐述了采用一段反应法制备宽/双峰聚乙烯催化剂的研究开发进展,并根据催化剂的组成和结构,将催化体系归纳为复合催化剂和单组分催化剂.复合催化剂包括茂金属/Ziegler-Natta复合催化剂、不同茂金属复合催化剂、铬系/Ziegler-Natta复合催化剂、茂金属/后过渡金属复合催化剂、非茂单活性中心/茂金属复合催化剂、非茂单活性中心/Ziegler-Natta复合催化剂和不同后过渡金属复合催化剂.复合催化剂中多活性组分具有不同的链增长、链转移、链终止速率常数,从而在聚合反应中得到不同相对分子质量的聚合物,导致其相对分子质量分布加宽,因而复合催化剂可用于一段反应法制备宽/双峰聚乙烯.单组分催化剂包括单核茂金属催化剂、多核茂金属催化剂、后过渡金属催化剂及其它单组分催化剂.单组分催化剂可用于一段反应法制备宽/双峰聚乙烯,其催化机理是中心金属原子与主配体、辅配体、助催化剂、其它添加剂及载体形成了多种活性中心. 相似文献
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不同方法制备的CoMo/Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂的表征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用干混法、湿混法和浸渍法制备了CoMo/Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂. 物理性质分析、X射线光电子能谱、X射线能量色散谱和程序升温硫化表征结果表明,干混法和湿混法催化剂的孔容和比表面积相当,均大于浸渍法催化剂. 浸渍法催化剂的表面粒子明显大于两种混捏法. 两种混捏法催化剂可以在低温区硫化,浸渍法催化剂的硫化可分别在低温区和高温区进行. 干混法催化剂中Co和Mo在微区内分布不均匀,浸渍法催化剂中Co和Mo在催化剂表面的分散量明显高于催化剂内部,湿混法催化剂中Co和Mo在微区内呈均匀分布. 湿混法催化剂的Co和Mo在催化剂表面的分散状态好于干混法和浸渍法,制备方法对催化剂中Co和Mo的存在环境及价态没有影响. 石脑油加氢脱硫反应评价结果表明,湿混法催化剂的加氢脱硫活性高于浸渍法和干混法催化剂. 相似文献
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高温煤气中氨的脱除:Ⅰ.氨催化分解催化剂的筛选 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
制备和筛选了12 种氨催化分解催化剂,所选催化剂包括Cu - Mn 基脱硫剂,Zn- Ti 基脱硫剂,Fe 基催化剂及Ni 基催化剂四大类,其中Ni-2 催化剂及Ni- 3 催化剂具有较高的转化率。然后对Ni-3 催化剂进行了寿命试验,100h 内其活性基本维持不变;耐硫性实验表明Ni-3 催化剂具有一定的耐硫性能,因而它是所选的最优催化剂 相似文献
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用微波技术制备NiW/TiO2-Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用微波技术制备了NiW/TiO2-Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂,并用NH3-TPD,Py-FT-IR,TPR和TPS(程序升温硫化)对催化剂进行了表征; 以噻吩为模型化合物,在中压固定床微反装置上考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫性能. 结果表明,在w(TiO2)=15%的催化剂样品中,微波处理的催化剂的活性比常规催化剂高. 微波处理改变了载体和催化剂表面的酸性质,催化剂样品表面的强酸酸量减少,弱酸和中强酸酸量增加. 微波处理的催化剂的还原性能和硫化性能均好于常规法制备的催化剂. 这可能是微波技术制备的催化剂具有较高加氢脱硫活性的原因. 相似文献
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裂化催化剂水热失活动力学及装置平衡活性模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据裂化催化剂水热失活过程伴随着超稳化过程的特点,确定了对应不同自抑制函数的催化剂水热失活动力学模型方程。利用裂化催化剂水热失活实验数据进行参数估值,建立了裂化催化剂水热失活动力学模型。统计检验结果表明,二级自抑制的一级水热失活模型能很好地模拟实验数据,是较理想的水热失活动力学模型。考虑工业装置中裂化催化剂呈全混流,建立了裂化催化剂平衡活性模型方程,并且装置平衡催化剂微反活性的模型计算值与实测值相当吻合。该模型的预测结果表明,随着再生器温度或催化剂藏量的提高,平衡剂的微反活性逐步降低;平衡剂微反活性随催化剂单耗的提高先快速提高,然后缓慢提高。 相似文献
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《印度化学会志》2023,100(2):100884
Catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene was studied with an ideal feed with a catalyst prepared from different alumina support and with varying quantities of promoter addition. Silver promoted palladium alumina catalysts were prepared on the transition alumina, ρ-alumina and the catalyst performance was compared with the traditional palladium alumina catalyst based on α-alumina. The catalyst supports were prepared using the granulation technique and sequential impregnation method was used for the catalyst preparation. The silver metal loading was varied in the catalysts and the impact of varied promoter quantity was also studied. The supports were characterized for the acidity, alumina phase, and catalyst characterization was done using TEM, TPR, and BET method to understand the difference between catalysts prepared on different types of alumina support. A fixed bed catalyst reaction was used for the performance evaluation and an ideal gas with acetylene and nitrogen was used as the feed. The catalyst evaluation gives the comparative performance of the catalysts at different temperature conditions. Acetylene conversion and ethylene selectivity in the product were evaluated. The spent catalyst analysis was done using TGA and CHN analysis was performed to understand the carbon deposition and by-product formation during the reaction with different types of catalysts. 相似文献
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Tongtao Wang Caishun Lin Feng Ye Yong Fang Jingjing Li Xindong Wang 《Electrochemistry communications》2008,10(9):1261-1263
Methanol permeation is one of the key problems for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. It is necessary to change the structure of the cathode of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Therefore, a novel MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode was prepared in this paper. The double-layered catalyst consists of PtRu black as inner catalyst layer and Pt black as outer catalyst layer. The inner catalyst layer is prepared for oxidation of the methanol permeated from anode. The results indicate that this double-layered catalyst reduced the effects of methanol crossover and assimilated mixed potential losses. The performance of MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode was 52.2 mW cm−2, which was a remarkable improvement compared with the performance of MEA with traditional cathode. The key factor responsible for the improved performance is the optimization of the electrode structure. 相似文献
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[reaction: see text] With use of 1 mol % of Cr catalyst 5, surprisingly efficient Cr-mediated couplings of aldehydes with various types of nucleophiles have been realized. The catalyst set of Cr catalyst 5 and Ni catalyst 4 is used for alkenylation, alkynylation, and arylation, whereas the catalyst set of Cr catalyst 5 and CoPc (cobalt phthalocyanine) is used for 2-haloallylation, alkylation, and propargylation. Only the Cr catalyst 5 is required for allylation. The reaction rates in DME and THF have been found significantly faster than that in MeCN. 相似文献
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对汽油氧化重整制氢反应催化剂制备方法进行了实验 ,研究了双金M N/Al2 O3 预还原与否对汽油制氢反应的活性、生成氢气的选择性及催化剂的稳定性。实验结果表明 ,催化剂的制备方法不同 ,在汽油氧化重制氢反应中催化剂活性、生成氢的选择性不同 ,还原态的好于非还原态的双金属催化剂 ;还原与否对该双金属催化剂的稳定性影响不大。 相似文献
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直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFC)的两大问题是炭载Pd(Pd/C)催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化稳定性不好和Pd催化剂能催化甲酸分解。发现用NH4F络合还原法制备的NH4F修饰Pd/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性要比Pd/C催化剂好大约20%,电催化稳定性也要稍优于Pd/C催化剂。在120 s内和30℃下,甲酸在Pd/C催化剂上分解产生38 mL气体,但在NH4F修饰Pd/C催化剂上基本上不分解,因此NH4F修饰主要能抑制Pd催化剂催化分解甲酸的能力,而且又能在一定程度上提高Pd/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化性能。 相似文献
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质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂层在成本、耐久性以及性能上的局限是制约燃料电池汽车商业化的瓶颈. 已有文献证明静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维催化剂层能提高催化剂利用率、增加三相界面和三相通道以及提高耐久性. 作者结合所在课题组的工作综述了静电纺丝技术制备质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂层的研究进展. 首先,介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂层的发展历程,并从制备方式和结构两个方面对其进行分类和总结;接下来,从静电纺丝纳米纤维催化剂层的制备、物理特性表征、电化学性能分析及耐久性表征等方面进行了总结;最后,从三相界面、三相通道以及量产适用性的视点比较了三种结构的催化剂层,介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂层的发展趋势,并梳理了静电纺丝法制备质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂层领域待研的问题. 相似文献