小硅藻光合作用脂13 C稳定同位素定量标记分析

以小硅藻( Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima)作为研究对象,利用超高压液相色谱联用四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术,研究了处于平台期的小硅藻中的光合作用脂被13 C标记的程度和速度。结果显示：在平台期13 C人工标记的10天内,所有4类光合作用脂均被13 C明显标记,其中二酰甘油双半乳糖脂( DG-DG)、磷脂酰甘油( PG)、二酰甘油硫代糖脂( SQDG)被13 C标记的总量,从刚进入平台期到平台期第8天逐渐增加,此后出现下降趋势,在第8天分别达到最大值(173±24) ng/mg,(473±41) ng/mg 及(1224±21) ng/mg,标记率分别达到56.3%,38.4%和62.6%;而二酰甘油单半乳糖脂(MGDG)被13C标记的总量在整个平台期呈现持续上升趋势,并在第10天达到(956±51) ng/mg,标记率为87.3%。可见,不同脂质在藻体内合成的先后时间有差别,为了清晰地了解生物摄食过程中对微藻中特定脂类的同化机理,需要藻体内被13 C标记的每类脂质含量的最大化,针对DGDG、PG、SQDG,应选取标记了8天的微藻来投喂生物,而针对MGDG,则应选取标记了10天的微藻投喂生物。     

丁烷衍生物类木脂素13C NMR化学位移预测

借助原子电性作用矢量(AEIV)和原子杂化状态指数(AHSI),对39种丁烷衍生物类木脂素共计854个等价C原子进行表征,并建立用于模拟该类分子13C NMR化学位移的多元线性回归方程.所得定量结构波谱关系(QSSR)模型及留一法交互检验相关系数分别为r=0.981和q=0.962.进一步用从马尾松松针中分离所得新木脂素中20个13C NMR化学位移对模型进行外部验证,预测结果与实验值较接近.表明所建模型有良好稳定性和泛化力,可对丁烷衍生物类木脂素13C NMR谱学数据准确模拟.     

松柏醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷-[α—^13 C]与造纸废水中LCC的聚合反应

为了有效地去除废水中水溶性、难降解木素及木素碳水化合物复合体(LCC),降低废水的污染负荷.文研究了在木素氧化酶催化下,木素前驱物松柏醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷-[α-13C]与废水中的木素碳水化合物复合体反应的方法及其机理.采用了13C同位素示踪技术,并结合红外谱图分析、核磁共振技术来探讨聚合产物的化学结构.同时应用了GPC分析手段测定了聚合产物的相对分子质量Mn.研究表明:木素前驱物松柏醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷能与废水中LCC发生脱氢聚合反应,同时GPC测定的结果表明聚合后相对分子质量也明显增大,Mn从406上升为23810-36886.反应生成聚合产物为疏水性较好的木素-碳水化合物复合大分子而沉淀析出.     

γ-辐照乙烯-辛烯共聚物的固体核磁~(13)C谱研究

乙烯-辛烯共聚物(ethylene-octene copolymerPOE)作为一种新型的弹性体,因其具有良好的弹性、韧性、生理惰性,使其在聚合物增韧改性、包装医用材料、电线电缆等方面获得了广泛的应用[1~3].Li等[4]曾对POE在氮气和氧气的环境下的γ辐照进行了研究,讨论了不同环境下辐照剂量与POE     

13C稳定同位素示踪技术在小硅藻光合膜脂合成途径中的应用

采用¹³C稳定同位素示踪技术结合高分辨质谱方法,研究了小硅藻中4类光合膜脂(二酰甘油单半乳糖脂(MGDG)、二酰甘油双半乳糖脂(DGDG)、二酰甘油硫代糖脂(SQDG)和磷脂酰甘油(PG))的合成途径。与通过物质含量的变化进行合成与代谢途径研究的传统方法相比,本方法更直观、准确地阐明了小硅藻光合膜脂中碳原子的去向。研究结果表明,小硅藻中4类光合膜脂均被标记,且标记含量在小硅藻生长周期的整个平台期逐渐增加。对二级质谱碎裂片段分析结果表明,光合膜脂的空间结构在¹³C标记方面起着决定性作用,即4类光合膜脂的极性头部被优先标记,其次是甘油骨架,最后是两条脂肪酸酰基链,且两条脂酰链的位置差别影响不大,几乎是同步合成。本方法可以直观准确地阐明小硅藻中光合膜脂对碳原子的利用途径,为相关研究提供了参考。     

La(Ⅲ),Y(Ⅲ)与多甘醇醛缩氨基酸Schiff碱配合物的合成及其固体高分辨13C NMR波谱

合成了直链醚 氨基酸型的二甘醇醛缩双精氨酸Schiff碱 (H2 DAAR)与镧配合物和四甘醇醛缩双赖氨酸Schiff碱 (H2 TALY)与钇配合物 ,经元素分析确定其组成分别为 :La(H2 DAAR) (NO3 ) 3 ·6H2 O和Y(H2 TALY) (NO3 ) 3 ·5H2 O .采用交叉极化结合魔角旋转技术 (CPMAS)及消除旋转边带技术 (TOSS) ,获得高分辨固体 (HRSS) 13 CNMR谱 ,并与液体 2D1H 13 CNMRCOSY谱作了比较 ,得到相互支持的结果 ;而且在固体高分辨13 CNMR波谱中发现\/ C ——N—的13 C谱峰分裂和烯烃上13 C峰等新信息 .     

用于示踪分析的固体汞合金电极线性扫描伏安法测痕量钼

研究了可用于示踪分析测定痕量钼的固体银汞合金电极催化伏安法.在H2SO4-苯羟乙酸-氯酸钾体系中,采用该电极于-0.165V(vs.SCE)处出现灵敏的还原峰,Mo的质量浓度在0～200 ng/mL范围内与峰高呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.42 ng/mL.该方法操作简便、快速,同时又可避免传统汞电极使用中带来的不便和毒性.对实际水样进行了测定.     

愈创木基丙三醇-β-愈创木基醚-[α-13C]的合成新方法及结构分析

本文研究了愈创木基丙三醇-β-愈创木基醚-[α-13C]的合成新路线,首次合成出α位带13C同位素标记的愈创木基丙三醇-β-愈创木基醚-[α-13C],并利用1H-NMR、13C-NMR等手段对其化学结构进行了分析。研究结果表明:利用乙醇作为反应溶剂使4-乙酰基愈创木酚-[α-13C]的溴代反应成为均相反应,溴代产物的产率可提高到90%以上。采用硅胶层析用乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1/2=V/V)做流动相可以分离得到该中间产物。通过利用过量愈创木酚和4-(α-溴代乙酰基)-愈创木酚-[α-13C]进行反应,可以得到β-0-4型木素模型化合物———愈创木基丙三醇-β-愈创木基醚-[α-13C]。     

元素分析-同位素比质谱法测定葡萄酒中乙醇δ 13C值

比较了旋转蒸发仪、全玻璃蒸馏装置和全自动蒸馏控制系统3种蒸馏方法,对葡萄酒乙醇δ13C值的影响,确定了元素分析-同位素比质谱仪(Elementary analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometer)最佳测定条件,建立了元素分析-同位素比质谱法测定乙醇δ13C值方法。在重复性和再现性条件下,对乙醇标准及葡萄酒乙醇δ13C值进行测定,标准偏差低于0.25‰。检测食品同位素分析技术-能力测试计划(FIT-PTS)两个葡萄酒样品乙醇δ13C值,与给定值相差0.2‰。采用液相色谱-同位素比质谱法(Liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry)与本方法分别对16个国家和地区40个葡萄酒样品的乙醇δ13C值测定,其结果为!23.90‰~28.29‰,且两种检测方法的检测结果差值︳Δδ(EA-LC)max︳<0.3‰,具有较强的相关性(R2=0.9749)。本方法无同位素分馏,适用于葡萄酒中乙醇δ13C值测定。     

光活性聚甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯链结构的研究——PTrMA的~(13)C液体和固体NMR谱

<正> 80年代出现的光活性高聚物—聚甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯(PTrMA)是由非手性单体经不对称阴离子聚合得到的。近年来,PTrMA作为手性固定相在分离手性化合物方面得到了越来越多的实际应用。由于聚合物侧基上的三个苯基产生的大位阻,使它具     

Multiple-Quantum Magic-Angle Spinning: High-Resolution Solid State NMR Spectroscopy of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei

Summary.  Experimental and theoretical aspects of the multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning experiment (MQMAS) are discussed in this review. The significance of this experiment, introduced by Frydman and Harwood, is in its ability to provide high-resolution NMR spectra of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei (I ≥ 3/2). This technique has proved to be useful in various systems ranging from inorganic materials to biological samples. This review addresses the development of various pulse schemes aimed at improving the signal-to-noise ratio and anisotropic lineshapes. Representative spectra are shown to underscore the importance and applications of the MQMAS experiment. Corresponding author. E-mail: madhu@soton.ac.uk Received April 16, 2002; accepted May 6, 2002     

核磁共振碳谱中的重原子效应

介绍了核磁共振碳谱中的重原子效应,分析了溴和碘的重原子效应对不同杂化状态和环境下碳的化学位移的影响,并总结了其影响规律。     

Structural Revision and Elucidation of the Biosynthesis of Hypodoratoxide by 13C,13C COSY NMR Spectroscopy

Feeding of (2,3,4,5,6‐¹³C₅)mevalonolactone to the fungus Hypomyces odoratus resulted in a completely labeled sesquiterpene ether. The connectivity of the carbon atoms was easily deduced from a ¹³C,¹³C COSY spectrum, revealing a structure that was different from the previously reported structure of hypodoratoxide, even though the reported ¹³C NMR data matched. A structural revision of hypodoratoxide is thus presented. Its absolute configuration was tentatively assigned from its co‐metabolite cis‐dihydroagarofuran. Its biosynthesis was investigated by feeding of (3‐¹³C)‐ and (4,6‐¹³C₂)mevalonolactone, which gave insights into the complex rearrangement of the carbon skeleton during terpene cyclization by analysis of the ¹³C,¹³C couplings.     

热塑性酚醛树脂的13C NMR表征

采用一种新型环保工艺合成了热塑性酚醛(phenol novolac,PN)树脂,并采用13C NMR方法对其分子结构进行了分析,由谱图中各峰积分值定量计算出了o-o、o-p、p-p结构、支化结构、游离苯酚和醚键等其它结构所占比例分别约为19.42%、46.21%、22.32%、3.13%、4.24%和4.69%。与常规工艺生产的PN相比并无大的变化,但新型工艺从根本上解决了常规工艺带来的高浓度含苯酚废水污染的问题。研究发现催化剂浓度的提高可以减少支化结构的产生,反应温度的提高有利于o-o结构的生成,随着反应时间的延长,o-o、o-p、p-p3种结构增多。     

Carbon-13 and proton NMR assignments of a new agathisflavone derivative

The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of 5-acetyl-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone-(6-8')-5'-acetyl-7',4'-dimethoxyflavone, a new agathisflavone derivative, were completely assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques.     

[60]富勒烯衍生物的对称性、碳笼结构与13C NMR谱

本文全面综述了多种[60]富勒烯衍生物的结构,阐述了(13)~C NMR谱在[60]富勒烯衍生物结构表征中的应用,重点讨论了不同对称性[60]富勒烯衍生物的(13)~C NMR谱图特征.通过[60]富勒烯部分(13)~C共振线的化学位移、数目和相对强度,可以确定[60]富勒烯衍生物的对称结构和加成方式.对于C_s、C_(2v)和C_(3v)对称性的[60]富勒烯衍生物,镜面上的碳原子的相对化学位移很大程度上取决于他们距加成位置的距离.因此,(13)~C NMR谱在碳笼具体结构的确定中具有不可替代的作用.     

Solid state13C NMR spectra of metal carbonyl clusters

The solid state¹³C NMR spectra of four¹³CO enriched carbonyl clusters having a tri-iron metallic core have been analyzed to provide structural and dynamic information. In Fe₃(CO)₁₂ (1), the high temperature spectra suggest the occurrence of large amplitude motions of the CO groups around their position at the vertexes of the coordination polyhedron in addition to the motion involving the Fe₃-triangle previously detected in the VT-¹³C MAS spectra.¹³C and³¹P NMR data of Fe₃(CO)₁₁PPh₃ (2) indicates the presence of one molecule in the asymmetric unit in apparent disagreement with the previously reported X-ray data. Furthermore, we show that structural information can be obtained from the chemical shift tensor components readily available from the analysis of the spinning sideband manifold.     

Solid State NMR and Fluorescence Studies of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposties

^13C spin-lattice relaxation times （T1） of a conjugated polymer MEH-PPV in polymer/ layered silicate nanocomposites together with the steady state fluorescence emission and transient fluorescence decay measurements have been investigated. The T1 values of the conjugated carbons decrease dramatically according to the reduction of polymer concentration in the nano composites, while the fluorescence life times （τ） show a linear prolonging tendency. The results are explained from the point of view of molecular dynamics.     

Characterization of Surface Modified Silica Nanoparticles by 29Si Solid State NMR Spectroscopy

 Various aerosils surface modified with silane reagents were prepared and investigated by ²⁹Si solid state NMR spectroscopy. The mode of bonding onto the silanol surface (mono- or divalent) can be specified by comparison with chemical shifts from solution. A detailed analysis also leads to the detection of products formed via hydrosilylation reactions. A rough quantification of the surface loading can be obtained by a signal deconvolution process of the silanol resonances on the Aerosil surface.     

Glucomannan from Narcissus poeticus Studied by PMR and 13C NMR Spectroscopy

Native acetylated glucomannan of molecular weight (MW) 32000 with a glucose:mannose ratio 1:30 was isolated from bulbs of Narcissus poeticus. Glucomannan was depolymerized to a fragment of MW 15000 with an unchanged primary structure and was studied using PMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the linear chain of the biopolymer consists of 1-4-bound D-gluco- and D-mannopyranose units and the O-Ac groups are localized on C-2, C-3, and C-6 hydroxyls in certain anhydromannose units.