硅熔体CZ结构浅池内热毛细对流转变滞后特性

为了了解水平温度梯度作用时Czochralski(CZ)结构浅池内硅熔体热毛细对流的转变滞后特性,利用有限差分法进行了非稳态三维数值模拟,坩埚外壁被加热,半径为50mm,晶体半径为15mm,液池深度为3mm,坩埚外壁与晶体生长界面温差变化范围为6-27K。模拟结果表明,当逐渐增加温差时,在△T=9K处,二维轴对称流动转变为三维稳态流动,在△T=20.6K处,三维稳态流动转变为三维振荡流动;当逐渐减小温差时,在△T=19.5K处,三维振荡流动才转变为三维稳态流动,因此,二次流动转变存在滞后,滞后温差约为1.1K。     

邱克拉斯基结构液池内旋转驱动流动及转变

为了了解旋转对邱克拉斯基(Czochralski)晶体生长结构液池内熔体流动的影响,利用有限差分法进行了三维非稳态数值模拟,坩埚外半径为50 mm,晶体半径为15 mm,液池深度为50 mm。结果表明,当旋转速度较低时,流动为稳态轴对称流动,随着转速的提高,流动会转化为三维非稳态振荡流动;晶体与坩埚同向旋转时,流动转化的临界转速较高,反向旋转时,临界转速较低;晶体单独旋转时,速度波周向速度远小于晶体旋转速度,坩埚单独旋转时,速度波周向速度与坩埚旋转速度保持一致;坩埚转速越快,速度波动幅度和波数越小。     

深径比对邱克拉斯基结构内旋转驱动流动的影响

为了了解深径比对邱克拉斯基(Czochralski)结构内旋转驱动流动的影响,利用有限容积法进行了三维非稳态数值模拟。结果表明:随着液池深径比的增加,流动逐渐加强,当旋转速度超过某一临界值后,流动转变为三维非稳态振荡流动。随着液池深径比的增加,速度波振荡幅度增大,速度波波数和周向传播方向都随之改变;浅液池内坩埚旋转作用占主导地位,速度波传播方向与坩埚旋转方向相同,深液池内晶体旋转大于坩埚旋转对流动的影响,速度波传播方向和晶体旋转方向相同。     

锌锅中低Pr流体混合对流的自维持振荡

本文对以带钢连续热镀锌为背景抽象出的锌锅中低Pr流体的流动和传热进行了数值模拟.数值结果显示,对Re=0的纯自然对流,Ra在104和105间时数值解由稳态解分岔为振荡解;对于Ra=0的纯强制对流,Re在4×103和5x1003之间时,数值解从稳态解分岔为振荡解;当Ra和Re均小于自然对流和强制对流单一机制作用时发生振荡的临界值时,混合对流的流动和传热为稳态;当Ra和Re中的一个参数大于单一机制作用发生振荡的临界值时,另一个参数由小于增加到大于单一机制作用发生振荡的临界值时,数值解由振荡解变为稳态解.     

水平板自然对流换热的非线性特性

采用SIMPLE算法,QUICK差分方案,对封闭方腔内水平板自然对流换热进行了数值模拟.数值结果显示,低Ra数时流动和换热处于稳态,当Rayleigh数超过某一临界值时,流动和换热就会发生非稳态振荡,此时流动和换热表现出非对称性.对不同Rayleigh数,流动和换热通过单周期分岔从稳态过渡到非稳态,并通过倍周期分岔过渡到混沌.在混沌区,仍然会出现周期性窗口,并且数值结果与初始条件有关.     

底部加热长方体腔内自然对流的非线性特性

采用SIMPLE算法,QUICK差分格式,对底部加热三维长方体腔内空气的自然对流进行了数值模拟。根据模拟结果,探讨了方腔内流体流动与换热的静态分岔与振荡等非线性现象。数值结果显示,在固定的几何尺寸和不同Ra的情况下,当初始场不同时,会出现若干不同的解,即存在解的静态分岔;在固定的几何尺寸和相同的初始场情况下,低Ra时流动和换热处于稳态,当Ra超过某一临界值时,流动和换热就会随时间振荡,并通过倍周期分岔过渡到混沌;当方腔的几何尺寸不同时,分岔点的特征值Ra也发生变化。     

切向流动作用下的胞晶定向生长机理研究

实时观测了切向流动作用下SCN-0.2%Salol透明合金的定向胞晶生长过程,研究了切向流动作用对胞晶间距调整的作用机理. 实验发现,切向流动使得胞晶阵列发生顺流偏转,并且稳态平均间距随流速的增高而减小. 分析表明,这主要是由于流动作用导致胞端失稳波长减小而引起. 施加切向流动使得胞晶间距的调整过程中的分裂机理多样化. 顶端分裂由均匀分岔转变为多枝分岔和不对称分岔;同时,胞晶迎流侧容易产生分枝,且分枝生长方向在流动作用下转变为与胞晶主干方向相同. 胞晶的淘汰机理由静态条件下的弱势生长胞晶被相邻两侧胞晶淘汰 关键词： 切向流动 定向胞晶生长 间距调整     

小展弦比透平动叶栅二次流涡系演变及气动特性数值分析

采用控制容积积分法和协调一致压力修正算法数值求解三维稳态时均N-S方程组,对一小展弦比透平动叶栅在旋转状态下的二次流涡系演变和三维气动特性进行了分析。计算结果表明,该叶栅上下端壁通道涡在叶展中部交汇,在该处产生强烈的横向流动并引起叶展中部能量损失急剧增加,使损失沿叶高的分布由常见的双驼峰型变为单驼峰型,同时还使叶展中部出口气流的欠偏转角大幅度增大。     

水平温差对环形浅液池内Marangoni-热毛细对流的影响

双向温差驱动下的Marangoni-热毛细对流在许多工程技术领域具有重要作用, 但是, 已有的大部分研究集中于单向温差作用下的流动. 因此, 采用数值模拟的方法研究了水平温差对双向温差驱动下的环形浅液池内Marangoni-热毛细对流的影响. 在一个给定的顶部换热条件下, 确定了不同水平温差作用下流动由轴对称稳态流动向三维非稳态流动转变的临界底部热流密度. 结果表明, 水平温差使得Marangoni-热毛细对流不稳定; 随着水平温差的持续增强, 稳态流动转变为一种规律的振荡流动, 最终变得混乱; 发现两种新的状态演化过程; 确定了水平温差和垂直温差在共同驱动流体运动时各自发挥的作用; 随着水平温差的增强, 最初出现在中间区域的最高表面温度不断向热壁移动, 在此过程中, 内壁附近的流动增强, 而外壁附近的流动减弱.     

重力水平对热毛细-浮力对流耗散结构的影响

为了了解重力水平对环形液池内热毛细-浮力对流耗散结构的影响,利用有限容积法进行了非稳态三维数值模拟,环形液池外壁被加热,内壁被冷却,流体为0．65cSt硅油,其Pr数为6．7。结果表明,在微重力条件下,流动为三维振荡流动;当重力水平增加到0．1go时,流动结构转化为沿周向运动的一组滚胞,其轴线与温度梯度方向一致;当重力...     

The hydrothermal wave of large-Prandtl-number fluid in a shallow cavity

The hydrothermal wave was investigated numerically for large-Prandtl-number fluid (Pr = 105.6) in a shallow cavity with different heated sidewalls. The traveling wave appears and propagates in the direction opposite to the surface flow (upstream) in the case of zero gravity when the applied temperature difference grows and over the critical value. The phase relationships of the disturbed velocity, temperature and pressure demonstrate that the traveling wave is driven by the disturbed temperature, which is named hydrothermal wave. The hydrothermal wave is so weak that the oscillatory flow field and temperature distribution can hardly be observed in the liquid layer. The exciting mechanism of hydrothermal wave is analyzed and discussed in the present paper.     

浮力对环形液池内热毛细对流的影响

为了了解浮力的影响,对水平温度梯度作用时环形液池内的热毛细对流进行了非稳态三维数值模拟,环形液池外壁被加热,半径为40 mm,内壁被冷却,半径为20 mm,液池深度为(1-17)mm,流体为0．65cSt的硅油,其Pτ数为6．7．模拟结果表明,当水平温度梯度较小时,流动为轴对称稳态流动,随着温度梯度的增加,流动将会失去其稳定性,在浅液池内,转化为热流体波,浮力对失稳后的流型无影响,但会使热流体波的振幅下降;在深液池内,在常重力条件下,转化成三维稳定流动,在微重力和小重力条件下,转化为三维振荡流动．     

3D Analysis of Crystal/Melt Interface Shape and Marangoni Flow Instability in Solidifying Liquid Bridges

Solidification of gallium (Pr=0.02) in liquid bridges in zero-gravity conditions is investigated by numerical solutions of the three-dimensional and time-dependent flow-field equations. A single region (continuum) formulation based on the enthalpy method is adopted to model the phase-change problem. This paper analyzes the influence of the azimuthally asymmetric and steady first bifurcation of the Marangoni flow on the shape of the solid/melt interface during the crystal growth process. The numerical results show that this interface is distorted in the azimuthal direction. The distortion is related to the sinusoidal three-dimensional temperature disturbances due to the instability of the Marangoni flow. The three-dimensional flow field organization, related to the wave number, changes during the solidification process; this behavior is explained according to the variation of the aspect ratio of the solidifying liquid bridge. A correlation law is found for the azimuthal wave number of the instability as function of the melt zone aspect ratio.     

环形浅液池内热毛细对流的热力学特性

为了了解径向温度梯度作用下环形浅液池内硅熔体热毛细对流的热力学特性,利用有限差分法进行了非稳态三维数值模拟。液池外半径r0=50 mm,内半径ri=15 mm,深度为d=3 mm。结果表明,当温度梯度较小时,流动为稳定轴对称流动,系统总熵产较小;随着温度梯度的增加,流动将失去其稳定性,首先转化为径向脉动波,此时系统总熵产呈周期性变化;温度梯度再增加时,流动转化为热流体波,系统总熵产较大,但不再随时间变化。     

紧致方法对流动换热及静态分岔的模拟

发展了基于投影法的紧致方法求解流动换热问题,对顶盖驱动流和侧壁加热的方腔内自然对流换热问题进行了数值模拟。与其它传统方法相比,紧致方法能在较少的网格结点下获得精度较高的计算结果。进一步,采用所发展的紧致方法对不同工况下的Rayleigh-Benard对流及其静态分岔现象进行了数值模拟。数值计算结果表明当长宽比变大时,底部努塞尔数会有小幅度增加。当长宽比为8时,用所发展的紧致方法不同的初场可以得出三种不同的流场和温度场。与基于QUICK格式的SIMPLE算法相比,所发展的紧致方法可以多预测一种静态分岔现象。     

Wave train selection behind invasion fronts in reaction-diffusion predator-prey models

Wave trains, or periodic travelling waves, can evolve behind invasion fronts in oscillatory reaction-diffusion models for predator-prey systems. Although there is a one-parameter family of possible wave train solutions, in a particular predator invasion a single member of this family is selected. Sherratt (1998) [13] has predicted this wave train selection, using a λ-ω system that is a valid approximation near a supercritical Hopf bifurcation in the corresponding kinetics and when the predator and prey diffusion coefficients are nearly equal. Away from a Hopf bifurcation, or if the diffusion coefficients differ somewhat, these predictions lose accuracy. We develop a more general wave train selection prediction for a two-component reaction-diffusion predator-prey system that depends on linearizations at the unstable homogeneous steady states involved in the invasion front. This prediction retains accuracy farther away from a Hopf bifurcation, and can also be applied when the predator and prey diffusion coefficients are unequal. We illustrate the selection prediction with its application to three models of predator invasions.     

Multiple solutions and hysteresis in the flows driven by surface with antisymmetric velocity profile

Multiple steady solutions and hysteresis phenomenon in the square cavity flows driven by the surface with antisymmetric velocity profile are investigated by numerical simulation and bifurcation analysis.A high order spectral element method with the matrix-free pseudo-arclength technique is used for the steady-state solution and numerical continuation.The complex flow patterns beyond the symmetry-breaking at Re■320 are presented by a bifurcation diagram for Re 2500.The results of stable symmetric and asymmetric solutions are consistent with those reported in literature,and a new unstable asymmetric branch is obtained besides the stable branches.A novel hysteresis phenomenon is observed in the range of2208 Re 2262,where two pairs of stable and two pairs of unstable asymmetric steady solutions beyond the stable symmetric state coexist.The vortices near the sidewall appear when the Reynolds number increases,which correspond to the bifurcation of topology structure,but not the bifurcation of Navier-Stokes equations.The hysteresis is proposed to be the result of the combined mechanisms of the competition and coalescence of secondary vortices.     

Open cycle traveling wave thermoacoustics: mean temperature difference at the regenerator interface

In an open cycle traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, the hot heat exchanger is replaced by a steady flow of hot gas into the regenerator to provide the thermal energy input to the engine. The steady-state operation of such a device requires that a potentially large mean temperature difference exist between the incoming gas and the solid material at the regenerator's hot side, due in part to isentropic gas oscillations in the open space adjacent to the regenerator. The magnitude of this temperature difference will have a significant effect on the efficiencies of these open cycle devices. To help assess the feasibility of such thermoacoustic engines, a numerical model is developed that predicts the dependence of the mean temperature difference upon the important design and operating parameters of the open cycle thermoacoustic engine, including the acoustic pressure, mean mass flow rate, acoustic phase angles, and conductive heat loss. Using this model, it is also shown that the temperature difference at the regenerator interface is approximately proportional to the sum of the acoustic power output and the conductive heat loss at this location.     

Transitions between flow regimes of baroclinic flow in a rotating annulus of fluid

Baroclinic flow in a rotating annulus of fluid shows remarkable transitions of flow patterns as do Rayleigh–Benard convection and Taylor vortices. There are four flow regimes in two nondimensional parameter space, called a symmetric regime (Hadley regime), a steady wave regime (Rossby regime), a vacillating wave regime and a geostrophic turbulence regime. Laminar flow in a symmetric regime is formed between the balance of a horizontal pressure gradient force and a Coriolis torque (geostrophic balance), and this flow becomes unstable when one of the nondimensional parameters, the thermal Rossby number, becomes less than the critical value. In this paper, the characteristic features of the four flow regimes are reviewed including recent findings about the behavior of geostrophic turbulence.