生命体系与“熵”

阐述了熵对生命体系进行物质、能量、信息交换与交流所起的支柱性作用。运用熵理论描述了生命体系在非平衡条件下的有序现象。从宏观上描述了熵与病理学、遗传学、药物学、细胞学的关系 ;从微观上阐述了熵与细胞恶变的联系及其在抗癌机制中的应用。阐明了熵理论在研究人类的健康和治疗各种疾病中举足轻重的地位     

“乙醇的催化氧化”实验改进

利用硝普钠、纸巾等生活中常见物品,改进"乙醇的催化氧化"实验。1实验用品酒精灯、试管、烧杯、小量筒、纸巾、胶头滴管、直径约1mm铜丝、酒精、硝普钠、2 mol/L NaOH溶液等。2实验步骤及现象(1)取一支注射用硝普钠(规格:50 mg),加5mL水溶解,制得1%Na2Fe(CN)5NO溶液。该溶液对光敏感,其保存和应用不应超过24h。如果是做学生分组实验,可以通过淘宝网购买该溶液使用,价格更低,操作更简便。     

温和条件下甲醛在 Pt/TiO2 上催化氧化反应的原位漫反射红外光谱研究

 采用原位漫反射红外光谱研究了温和条件下 1%Pt/TiO2 催化剂上甲醛的吸附和氧化反应, 并对催化剂的失活进行了分析. 结果表明, Pt/TiO2 催化剂在室温条件下即可将甲醛氧化成 H2O 和 CO2, 100 oC 以下甲酸根的分解为决速步骤, 低温下催化剂失活是由于表面未能及时分解的甲酸根占据了催化剂的活性位, 升温至 100 oC 即可将甲酸根完全分解并恢复催化剂的活性.     

微波作用下“氨基酸-磷酸盐”的成肽反应

研究了氨基酸与磷酸二氢钠在微波作用下的成肽反应, 结果显示在较短时间里可获得二肽到八肽以及环肽. 同时伴有磷酸氢盐分子间缩合形成多聚磷酸盐的反应. 在微波作用下, 温度200℃反应2 h后磷酸盐的聚合度可达到99%(其中焦磷酸盐64%, 三偏磷酸盐35%). 在反应产物的ESI-MS中还检测到了磷酸盐与甘氨酸分子间脱水生成的混酐中间体. 三偏磷酸盐与氨基酸在水体系中也有成肽反应, 在室温下缬氨酸成肽的转化率达到46%. 发现并证实了在微波作用下“氨基酸-磷酸盐”的体系中可以实现氨基酸生成肽及磷酸盐聚合、再生、利用的循环过程, 在这个过程中只需要输入能量就可以源源不断的生成肽, 这也许是生命起源以前的化学进化中氨基酸成肽的最可能途径.     

“焰色反应”实验的创新设计

针对教材中“焰色反应”实验存在的不足,通过对“焰色反应”原理及条件的分析,进行了4大实验创新设计,获得异彩纷呈的实验现象,充分激发了学生的学习积极性,培养对化学的热爱。本课的创新改进实现了对教材内容的二次开发,充分发掘了化学实验的教育功能,让课堂焕发活力。     

烯烃氢甲酰化反应的原位红外光谱表征

将原位红外光谱表征方法用于探测Rh-PBu3-EtOH体系中的庚烯氢甲酰化制辛醇的反应历程及活性物种的形成过程和以Al₂O₃为载体的Rh-PPh3催化剂活性物种的活化及氧化失活过程的研究.     

“燃烧条件”探究实验的创新改进

对人教版九年级化学上册第七单元的“燃烧条件”探究实验进行了改进。引入了水浴加热、温度传感器、氮气氛围保护、便携氧气瓶等创新点,改进的实验具有高效性、科学性、环保性。     

“互联网+”背景下“无机化学”一流课程建设的思考与实践

面对“互联网+”带来的教与学的新发展和新变革,提出以一流为导向,与时俱进的创新型教学团队建设为主体,内容和形式丰富的教学资源建设为依托,多样化且相融合的教学模式和过程性评价体系建设为主线的建设策略,打造契合专业人才培养目标,教学基础好、教学理念和方法先进、效果显著、具有示范引领作用的无机化学一流课程。     

浅谈“反应自由能与反应方向”实验教学的体会

浅谈“反应自由能与反应方向”实验教学的体会林的的，郑带娣，杨学强，黄英孺（中山大学化学系广州５１０２７５）在实验教学中，如何培养学生学会掌握正确的化学思维和科学的实验方法，提高分析与解决化学实际问题的能力，已成为实验教学改革中共同关注的问题［１］。笔...     

“中国催化三十年进展回顾”专栏前言

为纪念中国化学会成立八十周年, 中国化学会出版了《高速发展的中国化学: 1982~2012》一书. 其中第二十八章为催化部分. 三十年来, 我国的催化事业在基础研究和应用成果转移转化方面取得了丰硕的成果, 主要表现在: 一大批研究成果获得国内外各种奖项；学术论文数量和质量显著提高; 经济效益和社会效益明显; 形成了诸多新的学科生长点并取得了重要进展; 人才队伍数量和创新能力明显提升.     

THE PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATION OF TYROSINE DERIVATIVES IN THE PRESENCE OF ALGINATE—II: REACTION UNDER HETEROGENEOUS CONDITIONS

Abstract —The thionine sensitized photooxidations of several tyrosine derivatives have been compared in a system in which the dye, bound to the anionic polysaccharide alginate, is separated by a dialysis membrane from a much larger external phase containing most of the substrate. Brown oxidation products appear both inside the bag and outside, but at considerably greater concentration inside. Oxidation products inside the bag retard the oxidation of the original substrate by competing with it for photooxidant. Substrates were divided into two groups, related to tyrosine and tyramine respectively, according to their rates of oxidation. The groups differ as to whether the prevailing phenolate form of the substrate is a zwitterion or an anion. In case of the latter, the Donnan equilibrium set up by the polyelectrolyte reduces its concentration in the polymer phase, and thereby the rate of oxidation. Titration and dialysis data support this interpretation.     

THE PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATION OF TYROSINE REACTION UNDER HOMOGENEOUS CONDITIONS DERIVATIVES IN THE PRESENCE OF ALGINATE-I

Abstract —The rates of dye-sensitized photooxidation of tyrosine and tyramine to brown products were compared in the presence and the absence of the anionic polysaccharide, alginate. The polyelectrolyte did not affect the reaction when it was sensitized by monochromatic light absorbed mainly by the monomeric form of the dye. In white light, the rate of oxidation sensitized by thionine or phenosafranine was increased in the presence of alginate for tyramine, but not for tyrosine. In the thionine sensitized reaction, the ratio of brown product formation to tyramine consumption increased with decreasing wavelength of monochromatic excitation. These and other phenomena are believed related to the formation of complexes between the dyes and some of the oxidation products, and to association between some of the oxidation products and alginate. A mechanism for oxidation of phenols is proposed, based on the addition of O₂ (¹Δ9) across a double bond ortho to the phenolate oxygen. Dyes bind to alginate in monomeric and in aggregated forms; only the monomeric forms of thiazine dyes are photochemically active, but both the monomeric and the aggregated forms of crystal violet are active.     

氨基磺酸对酯化反应的催化作用

氨基磺酸对酯化反应的催化作用张竞清，刘间生（佛山大学化学系佛山５２８０００）关键词氨基磺酸，催化，酯化，乙酸正丁酯氨基磺酸Ｈ２ＮＳＯ３Ｈ是一种高稳定性、不吸湿的固体酸［１］。主要用作金属表面处理剂，合金电镀添加剂，织物染色助剂以及硬表面清洗剂等［２］...     

PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE REACTION CENTERS OF SYSTEM II UNDER REPETITIVE FLASH GROUP EXCITATION IN ISOLATED CHLOROPLASTS

Abstract— Absorption changes induced in isolated chloroplasts by excitation with repetitive flash groups have been measured at 690 nm, indicating the photochemical turnover of chlorophyll-a_II (Chl-αn), and at 480 nm and 513 nm respectively, reflecting via electrochromic effect the formation of a transmembrane electric field. The data are compared with measurements of oxygen evolution. In chloroplasts with practically fully intact oxygen evolving capacity it was found: 1. The initial amplitude of the 690 nm absorption change induced by the second flash as a function of the time t_v between the first and second flash of a group increases with a half life of about 35 µs. On the other hand, the average oxygen yield due to the second flash as a function of the time t_v rises with a half life of about 600 µs (and a kinetics in the ms-range of minor extent), confirming the data of Vater et al. (1968). 2. Under far red background illumination, where contributions due to PS I in the µs-range can be excluded, the difference spectrum in the red of the absorption changes induced by the first flash corresponds with that of the absorption changes induced by the second flash fired 200 µ after the first flash. 3. The pattern of the absorption changes at 690 nm induced by repetitive double flash groups at t_v= 200 µs does not markedly change in normal chloroplasts by the presence of DBMIB?. Similar 690 nm absorption changes occur in trypsin treated chloroplasts, independent of the presence of DCMU. 4. The fast regeneration in the µs-range of Chl-a_n is also observed in the third flash of a triple flash group at a time t_v= 200 µs between the flashes of the group. 5. The initial amplitudes of the absorption changes with a decay kinetics slower than 100 µs induced by the second flash at 480 nm and 513 nm, respectively, as a function of the time t, between the first and second flash of a group, are characterized by a recovery half-time of about 600 µs, confirming earlier measurements at 520 nm (Witt and Zickler, 1974). On the basis of these results it is inferred that there does exist a photoreaction of Chl-α_n., with an electron acceptor, referred to as X_a, other than the ‘primary’ plastoquinone acceptor X320, if X320 persists in its reduced state. Under conditions of X320 being in the reduced state, this photochemical reaction was shown to be highly dissipative with respect to charging up the watersplitting enzyme system Y. Furthermore, this Chl-a_n-photoreaction with X_a does not lead to a vectorial transmembrane charge separation, which is stable for more than a few microseconds. Different models for the functional and structural organization of PS II are discussed.     

镍基催化剂上CO和H2O的吸附与反应的红外光谱研究

本文运用红外光谱研究了CO和H_2O在Ni基催化剂上的吸附和反应规律。证实了H_2O在催化剂上是解离吸附, 以OH的形式吸附在催化剂上, 在OH之间可能有氢键形成。CO有两种吸附态: 线式和桥式。预吸附H_2O使CO线式吸附态几乎消失, 桥式吸附峰红移了约30 cm~(-1)。在不同温度时, 对比了CO或表面碳与H_2O的反应, 发现表面碳更容易同水反应生成甲烷。     

超临界反应条件下Y型分子筛催化剂失活的研究

对苯烷基化过程中Ｙ型分子筛催化剂的失活进行了多方面的实验研究。结果表明，超临界条件下该催化剂的活性寿命比液相条件下长达四倍以上，借助色－质谱联用机分析两种操作的反应产物，发现含有多环物质，并且它们的种类和数量随条件而不同。根据热力学原理，建立了多环物在超蚧流体中的溶解模型，并以并四苯，并五苯和并六苯作为焦前物模拟物进行了计算。     

硅胶负载钯催化剂对丙烯酸甲酯的催化加氢性能研究

本文报导一种新法制备的硅胶负载钯催化剂,其活性组份大部分负载于载体的表面。该催化剂在常温常压下对丙烯酸甲酯的液相加氢反应,即有很高的活性和良好的重复使用性能。 催化剂按下法制备:在圆底烧瓶中加入1.00g硅胶和20mL甲醇,抽真空置换出硅胶孔内的空气,在搅拌下加入一定浓度的吸附质(聚乙烯亚胺、正丙胺、正丁胺等),在25℃反应3—4小时,过滤,固体经甲醇充分洗涤后和一定浓度的氯化钯甲醇溶液反应6小时。过     

色谱法测定催化剂中碳含量操作条件研究

根据燃烧-色谱法的原理建立了催化剂碳含量的测定方法并开发了催化剂高温定碳仪,通过考察燃烧温度、载气流速、桥流等对催化剂碳含量测定的影响,确定了测定催化剂碳含量的最佳操作条件。实验结果表明,在确定的最佳操作条件下,测定的催化剂碳含量与化学法基本相同。