裂变碎块角分布与鞍点结构

从Jacob和Wick所推导的具有自旋粒子的散射矩阵元一般表示式出发,采用适当近似后,分析了中子引起Th²³⁰,Th²³²,U²³⁴,U²³⁶,U²³⁸裂变的阈能附近碎块角分布的实验数据。分析结果说明:1)阈能附近碎块角分布可以用裂变是通过鞍点上少数转动带(每一带具有确定的宇称)来解释;2)这些转动带与Nilsson的渐近能谱图所预言的基本上一致。同时利用对称裂变鞍点比非对称裂变鞍点高的观点,讨论了裂变碎块角分布各向异性与质量比之间的关系。     

原子核的对相互作用对裂变碎块角分布的影响

我们把Migdal的关于基态原子核转动惯量的半经典近似的推导,推广到激发态(T≠0)情形;并由此计算了裂变碎块角分布参数K₀²。与实验数据比较的结果表明:在现有近似下,原子核的对相互作用能解释U区裂变核在低激发能(E_exc≤15MeV)时,K₀²“反常”小的现象,同时利用对相互作用与角动量的依赖关系,可以定性地解释Pb附近裂变核并没有这种“反常”现象。     

ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS OF FISSION FRAGMENTS IN INTERACTIONS OF 12C IONS WITH VARIOUS TARGETS

Angular distributions of fission fragments were measured for a series of compound nuclei formed in the bombardment of ¹⁶⁹Tm,¹⁷⁵Lu,¹⁸¹Ta,W,Re,Pt,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb and ²⁰⁹Bi by ¹²C ions with mica track detectors and gold surface barrier silicon detectors.All the measured angular distributions can be fitted satisfactorily by the theoretical formula based on saddle point model.The variation trend for K² with the excitation energy increasing was given at various ranges of the fission parameter Z²/A.     

EFFECTIVE MOMENT OF INERTIA OF MEDIUM MASS NUCLEI AT THE SADDLE POINT

The angular distributions of fission fragments are measured for systems of 120MeV ¹⁴N+¹¹⁸Sn with mica track detectors and gold-surfacebarrier silicon detectors. The measured angular distributions can be fitted by the standard theory of fission angular distributions on the basis of statistical model. The effective moments of inertia of fissioning nuclei at saddle point are derived from angular distribution anisotropies. The shapes of saddle point of fissioning nuclei in the region of Z²/A<30 are discussed.     

CALCULATION OF THE EFFECTIVE MOMENT OF INERTIA OF FISSIONING NUCLEI AT SADDLE POINT

The effective moment of inertia,charge density distributions of the fissioning nucleus ¹⁷⁰Yb and ²⁵⁴Fm at saddle point are calculated by using the continuous medium model with variable densities.     

THE SHAPE OF FISSION SCISSION POINT

A shape, rotating cassin's oval body with symmetry deformation parameter of 1.0, in nuclear fission scission point is suggested. By use of the shape, simple calculations on average total kinetic energy of fission fragments in both symmetry and asymmetry cases show that the results are in agreement with semiempirical formula due to V.E. Viola.     

中高能量电子被NO_2和SO_2分子散射总截面的研究

用模型势方法对正电子与氪、氙原子散射角分布进行了系统计算，通过对算得的微分截面（散射角从２０°－１６０°）的数据分析，结合作者以前对正电子与氦、氖、氩原子散射角分布的研究结论，总结出了低能正电子与稀有气体原子散射角分布规律     

MEASUREMENTS OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM EFFECT OF FISSION BARRIER

The fission cross sections and the evaporation residue cross sections for ¹²C+²⁰⁹Bi and ¹⁴N+Pb reactions were measured with the gold surface barrier silicon detectors and the mica nuclear track detectors.The critical angular momentum l_er was deduced from the measured evaporation residue cross section σ_er on the basis of the sharp-off model.The fission barrier with the particular angular momentum i derived from the condition Γ_f/Γ_n=1 at l=l_e The angular momentum effect of the fission barrier was studied experimentally.     

CHARGE DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF DEFORMED NUCLEI

A simple calculation method for charge for charge density distributions of deformed nuclei by using macroscopic model has been proposed.The calculations of charge density distributions for ¹⁹²Os,¹⁵⁴Gd,¹⁵²Sm,¹⁷⁴Yb, and ^{144,148,150,152}Sm nuclei have been performed.The results show that the calculated charge densities are in good agreement with experiments.Consequently,on the base of experimental data of the transition probabilities for ground state to 2⁺,4⁺,6⁺ rotational states or its electric multipole moments,The charge density distributions of deformed nuclei can be predicted theoretically by this method.     

角变量ψ和角动量L_z的不确定关系

本文阐述角动量算符Ｌｚ的厄米性条件，讨论角变量ψ和角动量Ｌｚ的对易关系和不确定关系等。     

STUDYING NUCLEAR FISSION RATE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF BROWNIAN MOTION

The problem of the nuclear fission rate is studied from the point of view of Brownian motion. The Fokker-Plank equation is solved by means of the rate ei-genvalue method. The viscosity tensors, the inertia coefficients and the temperature are functions of nuclear deformation. Their effects on the fission rate are also stu-died.     

原子核内轨道角动量分布与核密度的进一步探讨

一.导言 原子核内的密度分布直接地或间接地与许多实验联系着。一个较可靠的核密度分布显然将有助于核模型理论的进一步发展。近来曾有不少人企图从与核内电荷直接有关的实验来确定核内分布,这些实验不外是荷电粒子被     

ANGULAR MOMENTUM CORRELATION OF FRAGMENTS IN DEEP INELESTIC COLLISIONS

The role of the non-diagonal difusion coefficient D12 of the two dimensional F-P EQ. In the mean value of angular momentum of fragments, their varaince and covaraince are discussed. It is found that D12 doesnot influence the equilibrium value of the quantities, but influences the rate for the quantities to reach equilibrium. So that it mainly influences the angular momentum transfer at the beginning of the reaction and that of large incident angular momentum partial waves. We also find that the covaraince is especially sensitive to D12.     

MEASUREMENT OF FISSION FRAGMENT ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION IN HEAVY-IONS INDUCED REACTION

The angular distributions of fission fragments for a series of compound nuclei formed in the bombardment of ¹⁸¹Ta,¹⁹⁷Au Pb and ²⁰⁹Bi by ¹²C ions and in the bombardment of natural lead by ¹⁴N ions were measu ed with mica track detectors and gold surface barrier detectors.It is shown that all experimental data for the fission fragment angular distributions can be fitted by the statistical scission model of fission fragment angular distribution.     

(e,2e)反应中电子的角度分布

利用修正的BBK理论模型,在共面,等能分享,固定相对角度几何条件下,计算了能量分别为58.4,68,81.6,108.8和174.4eV的入射电子碰撞He⁺(1s)(e,2e)反应三重微分截面(TDCS),并讨论了交换,关联与干涉效应及入射道库仑场对TDCS的影响。结果表明,这些效应对决定TDCS的角度分布及大小是非常重要的。     

电子束参量对轫致辐射照射量角分布的影响

本文研究了电子束半径,发射度及能量等参量对闪光X射线照射量在1m处角分布的影响。求得了使中心照射量最大,束半径与发射度之间应满足的拟合关系,表明了电子束能量越高,发射度越小,那么中心照射量就越大,照射量的空间分布就越理想。对电子细束入射位置和入射方向使用了解析法和随机抽样法求出,两种方法的数值计算所得的照射量分布符合得比较好。     

向量裂变谱与矩阵裂变谱对临界计算的影响

用蒙特卡罗方法及可适应多种截面的三维多群P₃中子输运蒙特卡罗程序MCMG,计算比较了不同裂变材料使用向量裂变谱与矩阵裂变谱的计算结果,通过与MCNP程序结果的比较,确信两种裂变谱对计算结果的影响是存在的,但对计算结果不会带来本质影响.同时还比较了不同中子截面库计算结果.     

ANGULAR MOMENTA LIMITATION WITH RESPECT TO PARTICLE EMISSION OF NUCLEI

A Woods-Saxon potential is used to study particle emission.The angular momenta limitation with respect to particle emission is calculated for nuclei with A between 70 and 160 and for four types of deformation.The competition between fission and particle emission is discussed.It is shown that a highly spinning nucleus may first undergo particle emission.     

超导体MgB2的晶核形成及生长过程研究

根据镁和硼的基本化学性质、杂化轨道理论、前线轨道理论和粉末反应理论,分析了粉末反应中MgB2晶核的形成及生长过程.这一过程可分为三步完成：1.两种粉粒碰撞接触后,做反相微幅受迫振动,这种振动产生晶核的形成及生长区;2.两个硼原子相遇,价轨道经sp2杂化后形成B2,镁原子的两个3s价电子填入B2的π轨道形成π键,生成Mg...     

空间对称性与电磁角动量守恒

阐明空间对称性与守恒律，并结合电磁场中带电粒子的拉氏函数，巧妙简捷地处理了一个电磁系统的角动量守恒。