共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 42 毫秒
1.
2.
研究了水溶性高分子与三种表面活性剂组成的复合作用体系(PAA—AM/CTAB,PAA—AM/SDS和PAA-AM/TritonX-100)中的光敏聚合反应.应用芘做荧光探针,跟踪检测在稀水溶液中分子复合和聚集的过程和微环境特性.结果表明,由水溶性高分子/表面活性剂形成的分子聚集体,具有胶束类似的催化作用,它和胶束相比,具有更高的分子聚集能力和热力学稳定性,较大的局部粘度和极性,因而对二苯酮/三乙胺引发MMA光聚合具有更为显著的催化效果,使聚合速度大幅度增加. 相似文献
3.
阴离子表面活性剂在有机合成中的催化作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从亲电取代、亲核取代、亲核加成、酯水解、氧化、还原、聚合等八个方面概述了阴离子表面活性剂在有机合成中的催化作用及其催化机理 相似文献
4.
5.
概括了表面活性剂在以超临界CO2 为介质的分散反应和乳化反应中的应用研究进展。重点介绍了几种重要的表面活性剂的结构、机理及应用 ,并指出在应用超临界CO2 技术进行的聚合反应中 ,表面活性剂具有重要的作用及广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
6.
本文设计、合成了一系列新型的三重态光敏功能性表面活性剂——对苯甲酰苄基三烷基溴化铵(简称PKT)。测定了它们的吸收光谱和发光光谱,比较了它们分子聚集形成胶束前后的光谱性质,结果表明,在均相溶液中光敏基团保持原有光敏剂分子的光谱性质。但在水溶液中,在形成胶束临界浓度前后,BP基团的光谱性质发生突变,峰值发生红移并强度减弱。在非水溶液中,由于功能性表面活性剂是逐步缔合过程,光谱性质发生逐步变化。 相似文献
7.
本文制备了一种含有偶氮苯基团的阴离子表面活性剂,其表面活性及对方解石矿物的润湿性能,可以用紫外光照射进行调控。在紫外光照射后,表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、最低表面张力(γcmc)、分子极限占有面积(Amin)增大,饱和吸附量(Гmax)和降低表面张力的效率(pC20)降低,对方解石的润湿能力增强。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
在鏈式反应理論中已确定不移的卅实之一是反应鏈在器壁的中断(断裂,終止),正是这点决定了分支鏈式反应及退化分支链式反应的低阻現象,这也决定了鏈式反应速度在低压时与容器表面的大小与性质的关系。从这皯事实出发作出结论:如果鏈可能在表面上断裂,則热力学上不可避免地有共逆过程,亦卽在表面上有游离基与链的产生。所述概念不仅解释着表面上鏈的引发和断裂,并 相似文献
11.
12.
银在浸出黄铜矿中的催化作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了用Fe_2(SO_4)_3、MnO_2、FeCl_3、CuCl_2等浸出黄铜矿时Ag~ 的作用。Ag~ 在氯化物溶液中不起催化作用。但在酸性Fe_2(SO_4)_3及MnO_2溶液中可使反应速率常数提高200倍,文中导出了在Ag~ 催化作用下硫酸高铁浸出黄铜矿的动力学方程。确定了速率控制步骤是离子通过产物硫层的扩散过程,活化能为35.7kJ/mol。探讨了银催化浸出黄铜矿的反应机理。 相似文献
13.
ABSTRACT W/O/W and O/W/O multiple emulsions have been found in systems consisting of water, light mineral oil, and two nonionic surfactants (Span 80 and Tween 20).No specific order of addition of the components or pre-mixing was followed. Following gentle agitation at 25°, 35° and 45° for 48?hours, W/O/W emulsions were found at water contents above 30%, while 0/W/O emulsions generally appeared below 60% water.W/0 and 0/W emulsions, micellar phases and liquid crystalline phases were also observed at various compositions. The multiple emulsion regions decreased in size as temperature increased and the areas and positions of the other phases were also temperature dependent. 相似文献
14.
Yao-wen Bai Xiao-fang Chen Dong Zhang Xin-hua Wan Qi-feng Zhou Department of Polymer Science Engineering College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing China 《高分子科学》2000,(4):351-356
The photopolymerization of two kinds of prepolyesters containing conjugated diacetylene (PDA-6 and PDA-12)was investigated using DSC. By measuring the endothermic enthalpy of the prepolymers after different UV-irradiation times,the polymerizations were found to follow the first-order rate law which agreed with the results of other investigators using adifferent method. The endothermic enthalpy measurements of PDA-6 and PDA-12 before UV-irradiation precluded thepossibility that the decrease of endothermic enthalpy was caused by thermal polymerization. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
The homogeneous viscous phases which form by mixing sodium dodecylsulphate, butanol, toluene and water in different proportions have been characterized through viscometric measurements and optical techniques. Abrupt increases in viscosity observed in some regions of the phase diagram have been correlated to the formation of birefringent phases which exhibit non-newtonian behavior. These highly swollen mesophases are shown to be of the lamellar type by the characteristic optical textures displayed under polarizing microscope. An addition of NaCl salt to the systems, upon decreasing the solubility of the surfactant in water, tends to destroy the organized structure and give rise to a diphasic system (Winsor II). Similarly, a rise in temperature increases the relative affinity of the tensio-active agent for water, producing a transition from the lamellar phase to an isotropic newtonian phase through a two-phase coexistence region. 相似文献
18.
S. Franceschi N. de Viguerie E. Perez M. Riviere A. Lattes 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(6):1523-1539
The properties of Langmuir layers made up of three bola-ampbiphiles having the general structure UA-Cn-UA, where UA denotes urocanic acid and Cn is an alkyl chain of varying length (n = 8, 12 and 16) and of a monopolar amphiphile (UAC12) were investigated. The area per molecule at the air-water interface was measured. Moreover, a modeling study was performed to visualize the conformation of these compounds at the air / water interface. The pressure-area isotherm and the molecular modeling study indicate that a folded conformation is possible only for the UAC16UA bola-amphiphile. This result could be connected to the ability of UAC16UA to form micelles. 相似文献
19.
The redox reaction between N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) and various oxidants including Ce(Ⅳ), Fe(Ⅲ)and benzoylperoxide in methanol proceeds via the initial formation of the NVC N-cation radical which in turn leads to the formation of the NVC cyclic dimer, trans-1,2-dicarbazylcyclobutane. Molecular oxygen and a few arylamines are able to accelerate the rate of the formation and increase the yield of the dimer. The mechanism of this process and the functions of oxygen and arylamines are presented as follows: The participation of molecular oxygen is to facilitate the dissociation of the resulting reduced metal ion and the NVC N-cation radical ion pair or charge transfer complex, thereby releasing the free NVC N-cation radical and increase the rate of the formation and yield of the dimer. The arylamine in this reaction between NVC and oxidants can be viewed as electron transfer agent between NVC and the oxidant. Because the amines are present in small amount relative to the oxidants and can be regenerated in pr 相似文献