垂直上升管内气液两相流流型鉴别研究

本文以低压空气一水作介质,进行了垂直上升管内气液两相流流型鉴别的实验研究;采用沿垂直管局部轴向压差信号及压差信号的统计分析并借助高速闪光观测仪进行可视化观察鉴别流型。实验结果发现,利用压差的时域信号和信号的功率谱密度函数（ＰＳＤ）,可以客观地判别垂直上升管内泡状、弹状和环状三种主要流型。     

缩放管混合污垢特性的实验研究

实验室里进行了缩放管与对应光管管内混合污垢的对比实验,实验工质为加有MgO或CaSO颗粒的人工硬水.实验结果表明:在相同流速、浓度条件下,与对应光管相比,缩放管不仅有较好的阻垢性能,还有较好的传热性能;流速、颗粒浓度和颗粒粒径对混合污垢热阻有较大影响:增大流速、减小颗粒浓度、增大颗粒粒径都会使缩放管混合污垢热阻的渐近值减小.     

测定强力管静态特性的一个新方法

利用脉冲技术和阴极射线管栅极调亮法,可以在示波器上描绘出整套特性曲线,特别是正栅区域的特性。这个方法对于强力管的制造厂检验所制成品是否合乎规格时会有一些帮助。     

管式换热器积灰特性的实验研究

在实验室建立了气侧污垢热阻实验台，实验研究了管式换热器管内微粒污垢的积聚特性，结果表明积灰随时间呈现渐近特性，没有发现诱导期。同时还考察了流体速度，颗粒直径和浓度对渐近污垢热阻的影响．     

涡流管能量分离过程实验研究

利用涡流管部分轴线温度测量实验装置,考虑到进气压力和涡流室结构对涡流管能量分离过程的影响,针对不同进气压力和不同涡流室结构的涡流管部分轴线温度分布进行了实验研究。根据实测结果,得到了进气压力及涡流室几何结构对涡流管部分轴线温度分布的影响曲线。在此基础上,根据实验结果并结合热力学原理对涡流管制冷的物理行为作了分析。结果表明:涡流导致涡流室中心区域气流膨胀是涡流管产生制冷效应的一个重要原因。     

管壁导热对脉管内自然对流换热影响的研究

本文计算了不同脉管倾角和管壁材料下脉管管壁导热对自然对流换热的影响。发现脉管壁面导热对换热的影响不仅体现在增加了壁面的纯导热部分,更主要的上强化了脉管内的自然对流;壁面和内部气体的温度差异沿脉符轴向的变化是管壁导热强化自然对流的主要原因。     

Period-adding bifurcations and chaos in a bubble column

We obtained period-adding bifurcations in a bubble formation experiment. Using the air flow rate as the control parameter in this experiment, the bubble emission from the nozzle in a viscous fluid undergoes from single bubbling to a sequence of periodic bifurcations of k to k+1 periods, occasionally interspersed with some chaotic regions. Our main assumption is that this period-adding bifurcation in bubble formation depends on flow rate variations in the chamber under the nozzle. This assumption was experimentally tested by placing a tube between the air reservoir and the chamber under the nozzle in the bubble column experiment. By increasing the tube length, more period-adding bifurcations were observed. We associated two main types of bubble growth to the flow rate fluctuations inside the chamber for different bubbling regimes. We also studied the properties of piecewise nonlinear maps obtained from the experimental reconstructed attractors, and we concluded that this experiment is a spatially extended system.     

一个高灵敏度中子扫描变像管的设计

 我们设计了一个高探测灵敏度的中子扫描变像管。该管采用电子产额较高的聚乙烯加碘化铯中子阴极。电子光学系统的主要特点是阴极面积大(f10mm),不设置狭缝,电子束的交叉截面聚焦于MCP的前表面。预计此扫描变像管时间分辨率为43ps,可用于探测产额大于1×10⁸个烧蚀靶内爆中子。当靶到阴极距离为几十厘米时,也可用于测量爆推靶内爆中子能谱多普勒展宽,从而确定等离子体离子温度。     

Synthesis of FeCo nanoparticles by pulsed laser deposition in a diffusion cloud chamber

Magnetic FeCo nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in a diffusion cloud chamber setup within pulsed laser deposition (PLD) equipment. The variation of morphology and size of FeCo nanoparticles with the number of laser pulses, ambient gas pressure and temperature gradient was studied. It was observed that the morphology of the nanoparticles changes from “cloud-like” fractal clusters to particle chains; average particle size increased at higher argon gas pressure. Increasing the temperature gradient considerably reduced the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles deposited using the diffusion cloud chamber are found to be crystalline.     

基于分子运动对流换热和热辐射下煤粉颗粒群粒子的加热分析

本文建立了在烟气对流加热和辐射状态下的煤粉颗粒群加热模型,通过数值模拟,模拟研究了不同锅炉炉膛尺寸下不同煤粉粒子粒径的煤粉群粒子加热时间以及粒子温升的关系,对对流换热和辐射换热在着火热源中所占比重进行了分析,模型很好的模拟了粒子的升温,能够较好的反映出煤粉粒子加热升温机理,为煤粉射流微元加热及着火提供了计算方法。     

Particle removal by a single cavitation bubble

In the paper,the behavior of the particle acted by the oscillating bubble is studied using a high-speed video camera.The bubble is generated using a very low voltage of 55 V.Images are captured at a speed of 15000 fps(frames per second).It is found that the velocity of the particle is dependent on the liquid viscosity,particle size,and tube diameter.Particle velocity decreases with the increase of the glycron-water mixture viscosity.A model is presented to predict the velocity and verified by experimental results.These observations may be beneficial for the application in medical treatment.     

新型光示波管的研究

本文描还了我们研制的一种新型光示波管的设计特点及测试结果.这种光示波管配以适当的控制电路和读出系统所组成的光示波器,能直接测量光脉冲,并能测量电脉冲;既可测量单次脉冲,又可测量重复脉冲;测量重复脉冲时,测量范围可达0～数GHz(10⁹Hz)的任意频率的重复脉冲.这种新型光示波管的光谱响应范围宽,实测时间分辨率达5ps,工作于椭圆扫描方式.它抛弃了以往光示波管所采用的取样狭缝,而是采用脉冲提取电极,通过调节控制电路使其工作于特殊的同步方式,从而克服了取样光示波器测量时间长、重复性不好等缺点.最后给出了静态椭圆扫描图象和动态时间分辨率的测试结果.     

电测应力分析法测量液面系统油管内的压力及其精度

文章介绍了电测应力分析法测量液压系统油管内的压力及测量方法所取得的精确度。     

水平管内气液两相流中单气泡形态特征实验研究

本文利用双平行探针技术和摄像方法对水平直管内气液两相流中单气泡的形态特征进行了实验研究。实验结果表明气泡头部和气泡体的形态特征取决于气液混合Fr数,而气泡的尾部特征还与气泡长度有关;气泡的头部结构特征决定气泡的移动特性,而气泡的尾部结构特征决定气泡向液塞区的充气特性:小气泡通过单纯水跃面的气泡尾部向液塞区弥散,而具有阶梯状尾部结构的气泡并不向随后的液塞区弥散小气泡,所以气泡尾部的结构特征的变化决定了弹状流与段塞流的转变。     

Effects of acoustic parameters on bubble cloud dynamics in ultrasound tissue erosion (histotripsy)

High intensity pulsed ultrasound can produce significant mechanical tissue fractionation with sharp boundaries ("histotripsy"). At a tissue-fluid interface, histotripsy produces clearly demarcated tissue erosion and the erosion efficiency depends on pulse parameters. Acoustic cavitation is believed to be the primary mechanism for the histotripsy process. To investigate the physical basis of the dependence of tissue erosion on pulse parameters, an optical method was used to monitor the effects of pulse parameters on the cavitating bubble cloud generated by histotripsy pulses at a tissue-water interface. The pulse parameters studied include pulse duration, peak rarefactional pressure, and pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Results show that the duration of growth and collapse (collapse cycle) of the bubble cloud increased with increasing pulse duration, peak rarefactional pressure, and PRF when the next pulse arrived after the collapse of the previous bubble cloud. When the PRF was too high such that the next pulse arrived before the collapse of the previous bubble cloud, only a portion of histotripsy pulses could effectively create and collapse the bubble cloud. The collapse cycle of the bubble cloud also increased with increasing gas concentration. These results may explain previous in vitro results on effects of pulse parameters on tissue erosion.     

Particle tracks and the mechanism of decoherence in a model bubble chamber

We put forward a toy model for a “bubble chamber” and study its interaction with an incoming object particle. We discuss the notion of particle “tracks” inside the bubble chamber and analyze the mechanisms that provoke a loss of quantum mechanical coherence (decoherence). The model is solvable and provides interesting insights into some of the most salient features of the interaction between a microscopic particle and a macroscopic device.     

THE MOMENTUM SELECTOR OF BIG CLOUD CHAMBER SET

Using a“preselection-register-operation for reselection”program,a selection systemof the Yunan big cloud chamber set used for cosmic ray reseach is projected andconstructed.A small on-line digital computation technigue is applied to the momentumselector of the system,and a special computation element is designed.According tothe deflection angle and momentum of a charged particle passing through the magniticfield,computation and logieal judgment can be done immediately for the track signal registered before.     

High-speed observation of cavitation bubble clouds near a tissue boundary in high-intensity focused ultrasound fields

Cavitation bubble clouds generated near a tissue boundary by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) were studied using high-speed photography. In all, 171 image series were captured during the initial 100 ms of continuous HIFU exposure, which showed that cavitation bubble clouds at the tissue boundary organized into two structures - “cone-shape bubble cloud structure” recorded in 146 image series and “crown-shape bubble cloud structure” recorded in 18 image series. The remaining 7 image series showed the interchanging of these two structures. It was found that when cavitation bubbles first appeared at the tissue boundary, they developed to cone-shape bubble cloud. The cone-shape bubble cloud structure was characterized by a nearly fixed tip in front of the tissue boundary. When the cavitation bubbles initially appeared away from the tissue boundary they evolved into a crown-shape bubble cloud. Deformation of tissue boundary was shown in all the recorded image series.     

微型火焰管中燃烧的研究

提出了一种新型的微动力机电系统观念,即微型热光电 TPV(thermo photovoltaic)系统。微型燃烧室是微型TPV系统中最重要的部分之一。为了获得较高的能量转换效率,需要使燃烧器壁面四周处于较高且分布均匀的温度状态。尺寸效应对微型燃烧室中的持续燃烧带来了很大的影响。为了分析微型燃烧器中燃烧的可行性和有关影响因素,在不同工况下进行实验。结果表明,在一定的流量和混合比范围内,可以在微型火焰管内维持稳定的燃烧,高温能够在燃烧室四周均匀分布。     

脉冲管制冷机中惯性管的数值模拟研究

本文利用Fluent软件对惯性管进行数值模拟,计算采用二维层流的数值模型,得到惯性管入口处质量流量与压力波之间的相位及惯性管内部的压力波幅值和质量流量幅值的变化,给出不同频率及惯性管尺寸对惯性管入口处压力波与质量流量之间的相位的影响.通过分析并计算得到脉冲管冷端质量流量,进行设计计算.