砷化镓中质子注入之研究

本文中,我们研究了砷化镓中质子注入及退火恢复过程。实验用晶向<100>偏1—3°,掺Sn 5×10¹⁷-1×10¹⁸cm^-3的单晶,室温下质子注入,注入能量E约8×10⁴—2×10⁶eV,用A-B腐蚀剂对注入质子样品的解理面显结,测得质子注入高阻层的纵向深度x_j和径向扩展x_L与注入能量E的定量关系。然后,对注入质子样品,在150—800℃下退火5分钟,用双晶衍射仪研究了样品的应变恢复过程,在静电计上测量了高阻阻值随退火温度的变化。根据实验结果,讨论了砷化镓中质子注入的射程R_p,电子阻止本领S_n(E)和核阻止本领S_e(E),以及质子注入形成高阻和退火恢复的机理。 关键词：     

非弹性核反应对质子束能量沉积的影响

提出了一种比较精确且又省时的质子穿透的解析算法,并给出了考虑核反应后50—250MeV质子在水中的能量沉积,与Monte-Carlo方法的结果进行了比较.结果表明:1)非弹性核反应对质子的能量沉积有明显的影响,特别是对较高能量的质子束入射情况;2)该方法计算效率比Monte Carlo方法高百倍以上.因此,本文方法解决了质子能量沉积计算中效率和精度之间的矛盾,有可能在质子束放射治疗中得到实际应用. 关键词： 质子能量沉积 核反应 截面     

质子静电加速器

本文介绍了中国科学院的一架高气压型质子静电加速器。这架加速器所加速的质子的最高能量为2.3兆电子伏,瞬间可达2.5兆电子伏。已经运转了四年多的时间。 关键词：     

Design of a 10 MeV normal conducting CW proton linac based on equidistant multi-gap CH cavities

Continuous wave(CW) high current proton linacs have wide applications as the front end of high power proton machines. The low energy part of such a linac is the most difficult and there is currently no widely accepted solution. Based on the analysis of the focusing properties of the CW low energy proton linac, a 10 Me V low energy normal conducting proton linac based on equidistant seven-gap Cross-bar H-type(CH) cavities is proposed. The linac is composed of ten 7-gap CH cavities and the transverse focusing is maintained by quadrupole doublets located between the cavities. The total length of the linac is less than 6 meters and the average acceleration gradient is about1.2 Me V/m. The electromagnetic properties of the cavities are investigated by Microwave Studio. At the nominal acceleration gradient the maximum surface electric field in the cavities is less than 1.3 times the Kilpatrick limit,and the Ohmic loss of each cavity is less than 35 k W. Multi-particle beam dynamics simulations are performed with Tracewin code, and the results show that the beam dynamics of the linac are quite stable, the linac has the capability to accelerate up to 30 m A beam with acceptable dynamics behavior.     

PROTON DECAY RATE AND THE PROTON WAVEFUNCTION

The pionic two body decay process of the proton is discussed in the SU(5) grand unification theory by using the field-current relation of the composite particle and the soft pion approximations. We connect the proton decay process with the J/ψ→pp decay amplitude and determine the wavefunction at the origin from the experimental value of the decay rate J/ψ→pp, hence we can obtain the value of the proton decay lifetime. In order to estimate the uncertainty of the proton decay lifetime due to the proton wavefunction at the origin, the lower bound of it is analysed by using an interesting model. If taking Λ_MS=200 MeV, it will be a serious test for the minimal SU(5) grand unified gauge theory. It should be noted that this method which connect the proton decay process with other relavant processes will be very useful to determine the proton decay lifetime.     

质子直线加速器超导腔速度接收特性研究

给出质子在多单元π模加速腔中的能量增益和加速腔的渡越时间因子的表达式.在此基础上利用解析方法和数值方法研究质子直线加速器超导腔的速度接收特性,并且讨论了超导质子直线加速器的分段问题.     

小型医用质子同步加速器的慢引出设计

 围绕北京医用质子同步加速器的方案, 研究设计了1/3整数共振的慢引出系统。利用该系统, 可获得较高的引出效率(大于95% )、较小的引出束流发射度(在静电切割器处, 积分发射度为0.15πmm·mrad)、较窄的引出动量分散(0.12% ) 以及较均匀的引出束流。     

STUDY OF THE NUCLEAR PHENOMENA IN THE LOW ENERGY (60-360 keV) PROTON BEAM IMPLANTATION ON METALS

A series of studies on the nuclear interaction and its effects in solids during proton implantation were performed in the energy region between 60 and 360keV. Some charged particle products were observed in the implantation experiments on metal samples such as deuterated titanium, titanium alloy, titanium foil on molybdenum substrate, molybdenum and stainless steel, etc.. The energies of the charged particle products are about 3.9, 5.6 and 8.4MeV, respectively. These particles were identified as alpha particles with both detector telescope and absorption measurements. These three kinds of alpha products were found from different proton sub-barrier reactions. The exciting curve of this reaction increases exponentially with the growth of proton energy in the energy region from 90 to 330keV. The radiation damages induced by the nuclear products in the sample have been studied with scanning electron microscopy technique. The possible surface damages induced by them were observed evidently. The origin of the nuclear reactions and their effect on implantation are discussed.     

三腔介质壁质子加速器时序优化模拟及设计

采用自主研发的三维粒子模拟软件对三腔介质壁加速器进行系统仿真, 在此基础上, 计算三个腔质子的渡越时间并实现腔体间的时序优化设计。外加电压峰值100 kV, 顶宽1 ns, 半高宽10 ns, 绝缘微堆厚度2.0 cm, 质子初始束能40 keV, 加速电极添加钨网, 模拟结果显示:当电压持续6.5 ns时, 进入高梯度绝缘微堆的H+通过第一腔能得到最大加速效率90.84%, 相应的渡越时间为5.668 ns;当第二腔电压触发落后第一腔4.5 ns时, H+通过第二腔获得最大加速效率94.77%, 相应的渡越时间为3.545 ns;当第三腔电压触发落后第二腔3.0 ns时, H+通过第三腔获得最大加速效率97.30%, 相应的渡越时间为3.018 ns;最大能量H+渡越三个腔体的总时间为12.231 ns, H+总体加速效率94.31%;当质子束中心进入第一腔时刻落后脉冲电压触发6.5 ns, 且一二腔和二三腔电压触发延时分别为4.5 ns和3.0 ns情形下, 能将2.5 ns长度的质子束中的H+实现90%以上的加速, 4.0 ns长度的质子束中的H+实现80%以上的加速。     

组合注入质子导致不对称耦合双量子阱截面混合效应研究

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采用超薄双层靶提高质子束的单能性

利用1维粒子模拟程序,研究了超短超强激光脉冲与超薄双层靶(基底层和加速层厚度均为nm量级)相互作用产生准单能质子束的过程。研究表明,基底层厚度及加速层厚度对质子能谱的影响至关重要。减小基底层厚度,靶后静电场增强,质子的最大能量显著增大;减小加速层厚度,靶后静电场分布变得更加均匀,质子能谱中心能量变化不大,单能性变好。通过优化参数,获得了能散度为7%的准单能质子束。     

质子探针在流体包裹体分析中的应用

本文着重阐述了质子探针无标样定量分析流体包裹体的方法原理、技术要点和分析时注意的问题。作者对我国斑岩铜矿石英中的流体包裹体进行了分析,还就国内外质子探针分析流体包裹体的现状进行了评述和展望。     

The design simulation of the superconducting section in the ADS injector Ⅱ

The high-current superconducting proton linac is being studied for the accelerator-driven system (ADS) project undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The injector Ⅱ will be operated at 162.5 MHz, and the proton out from the RFQ with an energy of 2.5 MeV will be accelerated to 10 MeV by two cryo-modules, which are composed of eight superconducting half wave resonance cavities and nine solenoids. In this paper, the design and beam simulation of the superconducting section of the injector Ⅱ, the acceptance calculation and a stability analysis are presented.     

ELASTIC SCATTERING OF NEAR 1GeV PROTON FROM MEDIUM AND HEAVY NUCLEI

The differential cross sections of the elastic scattering of near 1GeV proton on ^40,42,44,48Ca, ⁴⁸T, ^58,60,62,64Ni, ⁹⁰Zr and ²⁰⁸Pb are calculated by use of the method of the collective coordinate and high energy cluster scattering theory for the Wood-Saxon potential. The results are found to be in a good agreement with experimental data.     

Effect of target composition on proton energy spectra in ultraintense laser-solid interactions

We study how the proton density in a target irradiated by an ultraintense laser affects the proton spectrum, with analytical models and Vlasov simulations. A low relative proton density gives rise to peaks in the energy spectrum. Furthermore, a target with the protons confined to a thin, low density layer produces a quasimonoenergetic spectrum. This is a simple technique for producing proton beams with a narrow energy spread for proton radiography of laser-plasma interactions.     

分时制质子锁场系统

本文介绍了一种简便的质子锁场系统,可用于没有氟锁的电磁铁NMR谱仪做低频(如氘谱)核磁共振实验。     

利用射频腔对激光加速质子能谱的优化

基于靶背鞘层加速机制（TNSA）产生的质子束具有宽能谱的特性,限制了其应用范围。为了产生准单能质子束,研究了基于直线加速器射频腔结构的质子能谱优化方法。在给定射频腔电压和频率情况下,计算了腔间距随优化能量的变化关系,并针对不同优化能量设计了不同大小的腔间距和腔数。在给定腔数情况下,发现只在某个能量附近可以获得单能性最好的单能峰。对能量接受范围进行了分析,要实现最终2%的能散,进入射频腔的质子束能散不能大于15%,并分析了射频腔频率对能量接受范围的影响。最后对PIC模拟得到的半高全宽为15%的一个能谱进行优化,获得了谱宽小于2%的准单色质子能谱。 .     

软调制双散射质子治疗束流配送系统

质子治疗是一种新兴的放射治疗方法,它的主要优点是剂量分布特性优良,可以使高辐射剂量集中于肿瘤部位,减少对周围正常组织的损伤.这一优点的实现主要依靠束流配送系统,它包含质子能量调节与调制、束流扩展和准直等功能.现提出一种新的软调制双散射质子治疗束流配送系统.其特点是利用程序控制质子能量变化以改变质子在体内的射程从而展宽Bragg峰,同时利用两次散射获得较大面积的均匀照射野.它的优点是运行可靠、调节灵活,并特别有利于实现适形治疗.     

Mechanism of proton transport in water clusters and the effect of electric fields: A DFT study

Proton transport inside metal organics frameworks (MOFs) plays an important role to understand and develop a new type of material for a high conductivity application. One of the possible pathways of this process is via water cluster which is confined inside the MOFs structure. In this work, the mechanism of proton transport is investigated within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Different water clusters from dimer to pentamer and octamer, which are equivalent to water structures inside the tetrahedral and cubic cavities of MOF-801, respectively, were systematically considered. The results show that proton transfer inside the pentamer cluster has the lowest barrier around 16 kJ/mol. Moreover, the presence of electric fields has a strong effect on the mechanism and energy profile of the proton transfer in both pentamer and octamer cluster. Our DFT prediction of proton migration energies is supported by experimental data of high conducting MOFs such as MOF-801.     

核磁AnB质子体系的图谱解析程序

本文提出了一个核磁A_nB质子体系图谱解析的计算机程序。公式和计算用群论方法得到了简化,谱参数的获取使用了亚谱法,若干典型算例显示了所编程序的可靠性。