螺吡喃分子光开关

螺吡喃是一类研究最早,最广泛的有机光致变色分子.利用光照前后螺吡喃分子结构上和光化学与光物理性质的变化,将其作为分子光开关材料被广泛应用于光电器件、化学传感、药物控制释放等领域.综述了部分螺吡喃分子光开关的合成和性质及其在相关领域中的应用,对其作为新型的荧光探针未来在生物成像领域的应用做了展望.     

光致色变的螺吡喃聚合物

一些无机和有机化合物,在某些波长的光作用下,其颜色发生可逆变化,这就是光致色变现象。它具有下述三个主要特点:1,有色和无色亚稳态间的可控可逆变化;2,分子规模的变化过程;3,亚稳态间的变化程度与作用光强度呈线性关系。因此,它在图象显示、光信息存储元件、可变光密度的滤光元件,摄影模版和光控     

活性氮反应产生激发态卤化氮实验研究

A new method for producing electronically excited nitrogen monohalides NX(b) (X=F,Cl,Br) is reported. The strong emission spectra of NBr(b1Σ+→X3Σ–) are observed when alkyl bromides (CHBr3, CH2Br2, C2H5Br, and C4H9Br) are added to a stream of active nitrogen, generated by a hollow-cathode discharge of N2, in a flowing afterglow system. Some tentative experiments show that the electronically excited NBr(b) is formed by means of metastable N2(A3Σu+) Electronic-to-Electronic energy transfer to NBr(X), which is from the reaction of N(4S) with alkyl bromides. The emission spectra of NCl(b1Σ+→X3Σ–) are obtained when CCl4 or SOCl2 is admitted into a flow of active nitrogen, but neither CHCl3 nor CH2Cl2 addition results in such an emission. It has been proposed that the origin of the excited NCl(b) is an energy transfer from N2 (A) to NCl(X), generated by the reaction of N(4S) with CCl3 (or SOCl2). Similar experiments are also carried out with SF6 as reagent of active nitrogen, or as mixture with N2 in the discharge. By recording fluorescence it was found that excited NF(b) is produced only under discharge through N2/SF6 mixture. The NF(b) state presumably arises from the energy transfer from N2(A) to NF(X), and the latter is generated from the abstraction of fluorine by N(4S) from SF5.     

螺吡喃化合物在分析化学中的应用

螺吡喃作为一种有机光致变色化合物,能够发生无色闭环体螺吡喃与有色开环体部花菁之间可逆的结构异构化,由于具有特殊的分子识别能力和信号传导功能,已经成为分子探针领域极具吸引力的主体分子之一。螺吡喃不仅被广泛应用于光电材料领域作为分子器件,而且作为传感器广泛应用于分析化学领域。研究者们设计了多种具有不同结构的螺吡喃分子,将其应用于光化学和电化学传感领域。本文系统综述了螺吡喃化合物在分析化学领域的研究进展,包括螺吡喃作为光学探针在分子识别(对金属离子、阴离子及有机分子的定性及定量分析)方面的应用,以及螺吡喃在电化学免疫传感器中的应用。     

双功能螺吡喃螺噁嗪类光致变色化合物研究进展

光致变色材料在光学镜头、光学信息存储、光分子开关等方面具有广泛的应用.双功能光致变色材料的合成与应用研究越来越受关注.综述了以螺吡喃、螺噁嗪为光致变色基团的双功能光致变色化合体系的研究进展,主要介绍了具有荧光性能、与金属离子络合性能的光致变色体系的研究进展以及应用.     

取代基对螺吡喃感光剂性质的影响

吲哚啉螺苯并吡喃类化合物作为有机感光剂在光信息储存方面有很大的实用价值。本文用2,3,9,9a-四氢-9,9,9a-三甲基噁唑并[3,2a]吲哚(简称TTOI)与水杨醛及其衍生物在无水乙醇中合成了17个化合物。     

新型螺吡喃化合物的合成及应用研究

设计合成了几种新型螺吡喃化合物(SP), 采用¹H NMR, IR 和MS 对其结构进行表征. 研究了目标产物的光致变色性能及其影响因素, 并对SP1 在高分子材料领域的应用作了初步研究. 结果表明: 苯并吡喃环连有强吸电子基时, 最大吸收峰红移; 1 位N原子上连有柔性长链基团时, 热褪色速率较慢; 采用紫外光照射目标产物不同时间, SP1 表现出较好的抗光疲劳性. 分别以SP1 为接枝组分和共混组分制备两种高分子材料SP-g-hPMMA 和SP-m-PMMA, 通过紫外光辐照动力学研究表明, SP-g-hPMMA 和SP-m-PMMA 均表现出比SP1 优异的光致变色性能, 且不影响PMMA 的机械性能. SP1 有望用于高分子光致变色材料领域.     

冠醚螺吡喃化合物的合成和光致变色性质

合成了四个新的6位带不同取代基的含冠醚结构单元吲哚啉螺苯并吡喃化合物(5a-5d),研究了其光致变色性质和离子诱导光致变色作用及取代基的影响。结果表明冠醚能稳定螺吡喃开环形式,碱金属离子对冠醚螺吡喃的生色有诱导作用;6位为吸电子基团时,螺吡喃开环形式的稳定性增加,而6位为推电子基团时,螺吡喃开环形式的稳定性降低。另外,就稳定螺吡喃开环体的作用来说,吲哚啉环上的取代基效应和苯并吡喃环上的正好相反。     

螺吡喃衍生物的光致变色过程的时间分辨光谱

在环已烷和乙腈的稀溶液中测定了1,3,3-三甲基-6′-硝基螺[吲哚啉-2,2′[2H]-苯并吡喃]光致变色过程的纳秒、微秒激光闪光光解光谱。实验结果表明:闭环体A的C—O键异裂发生在闭环体的激发单线态~1A~*而成为顺式结构单线态~1X~*(螺C—O键已断开,但仍保持闭环体的结构)和~3X~*(~1X~*系间窜跃)。中间产物~1X~*在纳秒级时间内很快生成CT(charge-separation twist state),CT吸收峰位置(580nm)基本上不受溶剂极性的影响,这说明其不是反式、两性离子结构的部花菁B。三线态~3X~*在氮气饱和溶液中的消减途径有2个,一是经基态X生成部花菁B,又因~3X~*的分子结构更接近闭环体A,其同时释放能量回到基态闭环体A。氧气饱和的溶液中,三线态~3X~*被猝灭成为X,其主要产物是部花菁B。此时反式两性离子结构的部花菁B生成速度变快、吸收强度变大。产物CT在环己烷溶液中和部花菁B共同存在,而在极性溶剂乙腈中,其最后生成了稳定的两性离子结构体部花菁B。     

螺吡喃衍生物在固相基质中的应用

合成了一种新的螺吡喃衍生物, 将其应用到PVC膜固相基质中, 用于Zn²⁺的荧光检测. 优化条件下, 该敏感膜对Zn²⁺的响应范围为4.94×10^−7~4.15×10^−4 mol·L^−1, 检测限为1.51×10^−7 mol·L^−1. 实验发现, 该敏感膜具有很好的光学稳定性、重现性和可逆性, 而且与其他过渡金属离子如Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺或碱金属和碱土金属离子相比, 该敏感膜对Zn²⁺的荧光增强具有高选择性.     

REACTIVITY OF EXCITED STATES OF FLAVIN AND 5-DEAZAFLAVIN IN ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS

Abstract— Quenching of the excited states of lumiflavin and 3-methyl-5-deazalumiflavin by methyl-and methoxy-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes in methanol was investigated. The observed difference in the reactivity of acid and neutral lumiflavin triplets is explained thermodynamically by applying the Michaelis cycle, as being due to the higher reduction potential of the acid triplet. In this connection the p K values of lumiflavin triplet (p K ^M= 6.5) and semiquinone (p K ^M= 11.3) have also been determined in methanol. The difference in the reactivity between the singlet and triplet states of lumiflavin is found to be greater as predicted by the difference in excitation energy. The reactivities of the excited states of flavin and 5-deazaflavin differ only slightly in contrast to the marked difference in the ground state reactivities of electron transfer reactions. This is explained in terms of the model of Rehm and Weller. The pH dependence of the electron transfer quenching of 5-deazaflavin triplet was investigated in water, yielding a triplet p K of 2.5. In contrast to the flavin, this triplet p K does not significantly differ from the p K of the 5-deazaflavin ground state. From this, different sites of protonation are deduced for the photoexcited triplet states of flavin and 5-deazaflavin.     

EXCITED STATES AND REACTIVITY OF CARCINOGENIC BENZPYRENE; A COMPARISON WITH SKIN-SENSITIZING COUMARINS*

Abstract— Significant spectroscopic difference was found between the ³(π, π*) state of coumarins and the ³L_a state of benzpyrene. No analogy of the partially localized triplet state associated with the coumarin chromophore was revealed in the case of the potent carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene. Instead, the ³L_a state of benzo[a]pyrene is characterized by more derealization than that of the non–carcinogenic benzo[e]pyrene. Therefore, the predominant photoreaction between benzo[a]pyrene and DNA bases does not seem to involve cycloaddition in contrast to the coumarin-pyrimidine system. Reactivity indices have been calculated, and results are consistent with recent experimental findings. In addition, spectroscopic properties of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene have been comparatively described in terms of relatively high-resolution spectra, polarization measurements, and molecular orbital calculations.     

EXCITED STATES OF BILIRUBIN

Abstract— The excited states of bilirubin (BR) in a variety of environments have been studied by 347 nm laser flash photolysis. Quantum yields of formation of triplet BR have been shown to be less than 0.005 in solution in water ( p H 9–11), methanolic ammonia, 10% aqueous mulgofen and in cetyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide. In benzene the quantum yield was 0.01 although this diminished to less than 0.005 on addition of triethylamine. Permanent products are formed with benzene and with 1% methanolic ammonia. With BR in HSA a transient decaying with k = 3.5 × 10⁵ s^-1 is formed by a monophotonic process together with a permanent product. Neither species is affected by oxygen or by iodide ion. Both originate from BR molecules in the strongest binding site in the HSA. The yields of both species are unaffected by salt but are temperature dependent. The decay of the transient is strongly temperature dependent corresponding to an activation energy of about 50–60 kj mol^-1. If this transient is a triplet it is formed with a quantum yield of 0.13 ± 0.01. The relevance of these results to an understanding of the photo therapeutic process is discussed.     

分子离子NO+激发态的势能函数

100公里以上的大气分子离子主要为NO~+。它的辐射特点及它与电子、原子或分子的相互作用,对于理解大气的化学过程具有特别重要的意义。为了研究这些过程,确定NO~+分子离子基态及其各个激发态的分子势能函数是非常重要的。精确的X~1Σ~+,A~1Ⅱ和a~3∑~+势能曲线已发表;基于光电子谱的研究发现了NO~+的其它激发态,但对于这些激发态的研究尤其是势能函数的研究不多。本文研究并导出NO~+的基态和10个激发态的势能函数。     

QUENCHING OF OXONINE EXCITED STATES BY EDTA VIA ELECTRON TRANSFER AND DEACTIVATION PROCESSES. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXCITED SINGLET AND TRIPLET STATE REACTIVITY

The quenching of excited singlet oxonine by EDTA in aqueous solution leads mainly to deactivation of the dye to the ground state and, to a lesser extent, to electron abstraction. The rate constants for these processes have been measured and compared to those for the same reactions involving the oxonine triplet state. The rate constant of electron abstraction is about ten times greater via the singlet state than via the triplet state. However, the rate constant of deactivation to the ground state is 10³-10⁴ times greater for the excited singlet state than for the triplet state, so that the efficiency of electron transfer is much smaller for the singlet state.