介质阻挡放电丝模式和均匀模式转化的特性

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,采用电学方法和发射光谱,研究了空气中介质阻挡放电从微放电丝模式向均匀放电模式转化的过程. 结果表明,大气压下增大外加电压或者电压一定减小气压,放电都能够从微放电丝模式过渡到均匀模式. 高气压下放电为流光击穿而低气压下为辉光放电. 利用放电发射光谱,研究了高能电子比例随实验参数的变化. 结果表明气压减小时高能电子比例增大,电压增加时高能电子减少. 利用壁电荷理论对以上实验结果进行了定性分析. 结果对介质阻挡均匀放电的深入研究具有重要价值. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 光学发射谱 微放电丝 均匀放电模式     

介质阻挡放电丝模式和均匀模式转化的特性

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置，采用电学方法和发射光谱，研究了空气中介质阻挡放电从微放电丝模式向均匀放电模式转化的过程. 结果表明，大气压下增大外加电压或者电压一定减小气压，放电都能够从微放电丝模式过渡到均匀模式. 高气压下放电为流光击穿而低气压下为辉光放电. 利用放电发射光谱，研究了高能电子比例随实验参数的变化. 结果表明气压减小时高能电子比例增大，电压增加时高能电子减少. 利用壁电荷理论对以上实验结果进行了定性分析. 结果对介质阻挡均匀放电的深入研究具有重要价值.     

气体雪崩过程中光电信号的时间关联

本文报道在有限正比和SQS模式下的光信号和原初雪崩的电信号时间关联的实验结果.表明伴随有限正比雪崩过程有微弱的光发射,光脉冲的半高全宽(FWHM)为4ns;自猝灭流光光脉冲相对于原初雪崩的电信号有几ns的延迟,而且这种延迟的涨落(FWHM)也有几ns.实验还给出了它们随丝电压和猝灭气体浓度的变化情况.     

针-板空气间隙流注放电起始过程的三维PIC/MCC仿真研究

流注放电作为自然界中闪电传播的预电离机制、高压输变线路间长空间间隙放电的重要初始阶段,在工业领域存在诸多潜在应用,近年来引起人们越来越多的关注.流注放电具有典型的多尺度、非线性的放电特征,实验观测中多呈现出分叉等不规则结构.为了研究其微观结构特性和行为特征,本文采用三维粒子仿真模型(PIC/MCC),着重研究了流注从针型正电极的起始和发展过程.模型采用了可变自适应网格、可变粒子权重以及并行计算等技术,有效地降低了三维粒子仿真的计算时间.通过调节针型电极上的施加电压幅值、改变气体组分及调整电极形状尺寸等,研究了放电参数变化对流注放电的分叉结构、半径等行为的影响.模拟结果表明:随着电压的升高,流注的半径及分叉数目增加;对比不同气体组分(纯氧以及不同比例氮氧混合气体),发现其对流注的分叉数目影响较为显著;针型电极结构直接影响了流注的起始时间和形貌.     

液体介质微/纳秒脉冲放电的特性与机理:现状及进展

液相放电是高电压与绝缘技术领域持续的研究热点,深入理解微/纳秒脉冲放电的特性与机理有利于促进液相放电在电气装备设计优化、深远海勘探、先进材料制备等前沿领域的创新与突破。总结梳理了近年来液体介质微/纳秒脉冲流注放电特性与机理研究的进展,从放电模式与转化、分叉行为、击穿过程等方面阐释了流注放电的基础特性,归纳了液体电导率、压强、溶解气体、杂质与添加剂等物性参数对流注放电特性的影响规律,分析了液体介质流注放电起始与发展机制（包括气泡理论、液相直接碰撞电离、场致分子电离、电致伸缩效应等）及其适用范围。在此基础上,展望了液相放电领域的发展方向和面临的挑战,为相关领域的基础研究和工程应用提供参考。     

针-板DBD微流注与微辉光交替生成的机理研究

在介质阻挡放电体系中产生辉光放电可以有效的提高放电体系产生高能电子的性能, 为等离子体化学反应提供更加丰富的活性粒子.本文对针-板介质阻挡放电体系下的放电模式进行了研究,实验发现放电正负半周期表现出不同的放电模式, 激励电压为3 kV时放电正负半周期分别为微流注放电和电晕放电(或者Trichel脉冲放电),激励电压为6 kV时放电正负半周期分别为微流注放电和微辉光放电.微辉光放电形貌具有与典型辉光放电相同的分层次放电结构, 分析了激励电压6 kV时的放电过程,认为足够强的阴极电场强度和裸露针状电极形成的有效的二次电子发射过程是形成微辉光放电的主要因素,绝缘介质层的存在避免了微辉光放电向弧光放电过渡.     

Mechanisms controlling the transition from glow silent discharge tostreamer discharge in nitrogen

Low-energy dielectric-barrier controlled discharges in nitrogen are studied by undertaking electrical measurements to determine mechanisms controlling the transition from glow to streamer-like discharge. The highest and the lowest values of the frequency and the amplitude of power supply voltage leading to a glow discharge have been found dependent on the gas flow and the nature of the surface in contact with the discharge. These boundary values have been related to the criteria necessary for initiating a Townsend breakdown rather than a streamer breakdown commonly observed under such conditions. This implies: (1) that the seed electron density just before the breakdown is high enough to allow the development of numerous small avalanches under a low field avoiding the formation of only one large avalanche mechanism at the origin of the streamer formation; and (2) to let the time for ions issued from the first avalanches to reach the cathode before the electrical field becomes large enough to induce the formation of large avalanches. Practically, the transition from a Townsend breakdown to a streamer breakdown is analyzed from electrical measurements data coupled to the visual aspect of the discharge. Without any gas flow, the obtaining of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) is mainly limited by the species etched from the surface in contact with the gas. Indeed, these species can be quenchers of the nitrogen metastable molecules, which are the species at the origin of the formation of seed electrons via the Penning effect. This limitation can be overcome by the use of a laminar gas flow. However, this type of gas flow through the discharge induces a depletion of N₂ metastables and, consequently, influences the electron density at the entrance of the discharge, leading to a tendency on this part of the discharge to transit to a streamer-like one     

空气介质阻挡放电不同放电模式的光谱特性

采用光谱方法,研究了空气介质阻挡放电中流光向类辉光转变时电子能量的变化。利用氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)的发射谱线,测量了氮分子(C3Π_u)的振动温度。通过考察氮分子离子391.4 nm谱线强度与氮分子337.1 nm谱线强度之比,研究了电子平均能量的变化。结果表明,流光向类辉光转变时,氮分子(C3Π_u)的振动温度激增,氮分子离子391.4 nm相对谱线强度突增,表明类辉光放电模式中电子能量比流光放电模式中电子能量高很多。实验还发现,气隙间距不同,这两种放电模式转变所对应的转变气压不同,但转变气压与气隙间距的乘积值保持不变。     

On the plasma mechanism of developing the early stages of breakdown in gases

The time evolution of the initial stages of breakdown in high-pressure gases is theoretically investigated. The following three stages are considered: initial: the origination and development of an ionization avalanche, the change of this avalanche to a plasma avalanche, and the change of the plasma avalanche to a plasma streamer. The streamer ionizes the gas via its radiation, causes new avalanches propagating in an enhanced discharge field, and bridges the discharge gap. Simple formulas are derived for the times of transition between various breakdown stages and for the ionization front velocity at separate stages.     

重复频率脉冲流注放电演变现象与机制研究进展

重复频率脉冲流注放电是低温等离子体前沿应用的关键使能因子,然而,高重复频率脉冲作用下流注放电呈现复杂的不稳定和记忆效应现象,放电基础演变机理和调控方法尚不完善,极大影响应用的安全性和放电特性调控的有效性。综述了重复频率脉冲流注放电演变现象与机制的研究进展。首先归纳了重复频率脉冲流注放电的强非线性和渐进式演变特征,然后分析不同类型放电记忆效应因子对后续流注起始和传播的作用机制,最后总结了脉冲波形参数对重复频率脉冲流注放电的影响规律。凝练了重复频率脉冲流注放电演变机制研究的若干挑战,对脉冲放电等离子体机理研究具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Step propagation of a streamer in an electronegative gas

It is shown on the basis of numerical simulation and an experimental investigation that a streamer can propagate in a step manner in an electronegative gas. The experiments and most calculations were performed for air under close to normal conditions. The step motion is associated with the appearance of a secondary ionization wave near the electrode and propagation of this wave along the channel of the streamer; this wave maintains the channel in a conducting state and allows for the propagation of the streamer in a nonuniform external field over distances which are inaccessible under ordinary conditions of a streamer discharge. Simulation in heated air, oxygen, and SF₆ demonstrated that the phenomenon studied is common for various gases and that the special features of its manifestation remain in a wide range of decay rates of the streamer channel.     

大气压等离子体针产生空气均匀放电特性研究

大气压空气放电由于脱离了真空装置,易于实现流水线生产,因而在工业上具有广泛的应用. 采用等离子体针装置在空气中产生了稳定的大气压均匀放电. 利用光谱法对等离子体的相关参数进行了空间分辨率测量,并通过光学方法对放电机理进行了研究. 结果表明,等离子体针产生的放电存在电晕放电和等离子体羽放电两种模式. 在稳定的等离子体羽放电模式中,发光分为强光区和弱光区. 弱光区放电的发展速度远大于强光区的发展速度,电子能量和电子密度均是弱光区比强光区大. 对均匀放电的气体温度和振动温度的研究表明,强光区放电遵循汤生击穿机理而弱光区为流光放电. 这些结果对大气压空气放电的工业应用具有重要意义. 关键词： 大气压均匀放电 等离子体针 发射光谱 放电机理     

Decomposition of NO2 in Oxygen-free NO2: N2 Gas Mixture by Back-Corona Generated Plasma

The back-corona discharge has been successfully applied as a plasma source for decomposition of NO₂ in the oxygen-free gas mixture of N₂:NO₂. The paper reports a first attempt to use back-corona discharge for noxious gas conversion. The preliminary results of laboratory experiments in a needle-to-plate reactor show that the De-NO_x processes in back-corona discharge are similar to the dc streamer corona discharges generated in the same geometry. Both types of discharges convert NO₂ to nitrogen, oxygen and also to N₂O and NO. However, back-corona discharge produces less NO, and is more efficient energetically in NO_x decomposition than the dc streamer corona discharge.     

纳秒脉冲气体放电机理探讨

 经典Townsend机理和流注理论是气体放电研究的基础,但在解释纳秒脉冲气体放电时均存在一定缺陷。基于经典气体放电理论,探讨纳秒脉冲气体放电机理,分析流注理论判据在纳秒脉冲气体放电中的有效性,解释纳秒脉冲下电子逃逸现象和基于电子逃逸的快速电离波击穿理论,仿真计算高能快电子的逃逸过程。结果认为基于高能量快电子的逃逸击穿将是可能解释纳秒脉冲下气体放电现象的依据。     

Velocity of current filament at the high gain mode of GaAs power photoconductive switches

Many of the characteristics, especially transient turn-on, of high gain mode photoconductive semiconductor switches can be explained by a model similar to a gas streamer model in this paper. Based on the gas discharge theory and photoactivated charge domain model, the mechanism of current filament at the high gain mode of GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) was discussed. It is pointed out that both the carrier density and the regional electric field satisfy two critical conditions for the formation and development of streamers. Experimental phenomena indicate that the turn-on time is considerably shorter than the time required for the transit of carriers crossing the electrode gap of the device at saturation transfer velocity. Moreover, the transient turn-on characteristic was analyzed and the ultra-fast velocity of current filament was calculated. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental results.     

纳秒脉冲电晕放电成像技术

阐述了脉冲电晕放电成像的物理过程,根据气体放电的流光理论,采用纳秒脉冲放电技术,获得了清晰的电晕放电的硬币成像图像,并展望其应用前景。     

Numerical investigation of subcritical microwave discharges in a high-pressure gas

Subcritical microwave streamer discharges are investigated using a two-dimensional model that describes gas-dynamic processes in the ideal gas approximation and a self-consistent electromagnetic field in the wave approximation and takes into account the minimum required number of kinetic processes (such as ionization, attachment, recombination, diffusion, and electric conduction). The initial conditions imitate the initiation of a discharge from a small cavity with a reduced gas density and an arbitrarily small degree of gas ionization. The possibility of describing streamer discharges without reference to ionizing hard radiation is confirmed.     

Two-dimensional modeling of positive streamer propagation in fluegases in sphere-plane gaps

The results of two-dimensional numerical simulation of positive streamer dynamics in flue gases in sphere-plane electrode configuration are presented. The G-values (numbers of radicals produced per 100 eV of input electrical energy) for the production of chemically active particles participating in flue gas cleaning from toxic components are calculated. Obtained G-values are almost independent on the discharge conditions. Simple estimates for G-values, based on analytical streamer theory, are shown to agree with the results of numerical simulation     

氩气介质阻挡放电不同放电模式的电学特性研究

采用水电极介质阻挡放电装置，在气压为40kPa的氩气中实现了弥散、流光和斑图三种不同 模式的放电，并对其光电特性进行测量.通过测量测试电容上的电压，从而将气隙电压计算 出来，发现随外加电压增加，放电起始时刻不断提前，放电占空比增加；对应放电时刻，气 隙电压减小、输运电荷突增，使得气隙电压和电量波形都远远偏离正弦.气隙电压与输运电 荷成非线性关系.给出了外加电压零点对应的气隙电压随外加电压峰值的变化关系.讨论了壁 电荷在放电中的作用及对气隙电压和电量波形的影响. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 气隙电压 自组织斑图 输运电荷     

POSITION SENSING BY CHARGE DIVISION METHOD IN SELF-QUENCHING STREAMER TUBE

The experimental results of charge division method with the self-quenching streamer pulses are reported. It is shown that the position resolution at the middle point of 2.5 m long tube can reach 3.3 mm even the signals are sent to ADC module by 60 m long cable. It is much better than using the proportional pulses, and the non-linearity is less than 0.14% of 2.5 m full scale. Some other aspects, such as ADC gate width and selecting of the decoupling capacitor etc. are also discussed, they would provide some practical basis for the design of the sample and hold system in the gas sampling shower counter of the Beijing e⁺e^－ collider spectrometer.