直链淀粉-三[(S)-1-苯乙基氨基甲酸酯]手性固定相拆分布地奈德对映体及其制剂含量的测定

22R-布地奈德的药物活性比22S-布地奈德的强2~3倍,开发布地奈德对映体拆分和定量分析方法,可为其药物研发及质量控制提供重要依据。目前,主要以反相C₁₈固定相对布地奈德对映体进行拆分,而采用手性固定相对其进行拆分少有报道。通过考察固定相、流动相和柱温对布地奈德对映体拆分的影响,建立了基于直链淀粉-三[(S)-1-苯乙基氨基甲酸酯]手性固定相快速拆分和检测布地奈德对映体的高效液相色谱方法,其色谱条件如下:色谱柱为Chiralpak AS-RH色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5.0 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(45∶55, v/v),柱温40 ℃,流速1.0 mL/min,二极管阵列检测器(DAD),检测波长246 nm,进样量10 μL。在该色谱条件下,布地奈德的两个对映体得到较好拆分,22R-布地奈德和22S-布地奈德的保留时间分别6.40 min和7.77 min,分离度为4.64; 22R-布地奈德和22S-布地奈德分别在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R²)均为0.9999,检出限分别为0.05 μg/mL和0.07 μg/mL,定量限分别为0.16 μg/mL和0.20 μg/mL; 4个添加水平的样品加标回收率为102.63%~104.17%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.08%~0.57%(n=6)。将该方法应用于1批次4个吸入用布地奈德混悬液实际样品进行检测,22R-布地奈德和22S-布地奈德的含量分别为283.15~284.63 μg/mL和259.86~261.51 μg/mL。该方法操作简便,分析时间短,重复性好,准确度高,可用于布地奈德对映体的拆分及其制剂的质量控制。     

Determination of phenyltoloxamine salicylamide, caffeine, paracetamol, codeine and phenacetin by HPLC

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of six common analgesics (phenyltoloxamine dihydrogen citrate, salicylamide, caffeine, paracetamol, codeine phosphate and phenacetin) is presented. The method is specific for detection and determination of each of these compounds in a complex mixture, without pretreatment. A 10-mum C(18) silica gel stationary phase is used with a methanol-acetonitrile-water-tetrahydrofuran mixture (20:20:55:5 v/v) and spectrophotometric detection at 254 nm. All six components are eluted within 7 min. The method has given good results for three commercial products containing two, three and five active ingredients respectively. Phenacetin, a common analgesic which might be found in other formulations, is used as an internal standard.     

Applicability of multisyringe chromatography coupled to on-line solid-phase extraction to the simultaneous determination of dicamba, 2,4-D, and atrazine

Simultaneous determination of three herbicides (dicamba, 2,4-D, and atrazine) has been achieved by on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled to multisyringe chromatography (MSC) with UV detection. The preconcentration conditions were optimized; a preconcentration flow rate of 0.5 mL min(-1) and elution at 0.8 mL min(-1) were the optimum conditions. A C(18) (8 mm i.d.) membrane extraction disk conditioned with 0.3 mol L(-1) HCl in 0.5% MeOH was used. A 3-mL sample was preconcentrated, then eluted with 0.43 mL 40:60 water-MeOH. A C(18) monolithic column (25 mm × 4.6 mm) was used for chromatographic separation. Separation of the three compounds was achieved in 10 min by use of 0.01% aqueous acetic acid-MeOH (60:40) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min(-1). The limits of detection (LOD) were 13, 57, and 22 μg L(-1) for dicamba, 2,4-D, and atrazine, respectively. The sampling frequency was three analyses per hour, and each analysis consumed only 7.3 mL solvent. The method was applied to spiked water samples, and recovery between 85 and 112% was obtained. Recovery was significantly better than in the conventional HPLC-UV method. These results indicated the reliability and accuracy of this flow-based method. This is the first time this family of herbicides has been simultaneously analyzed by on-line SPE-MSC using a monolithic column.     

反相高效液相法测定四环素类抗生素

 利用高效液相法 ,在C18柱上以甲醇 乙腈 0 0 1mol/L草酸溶液 (pH 2 0 ) (体积比为 11∶2 2∶6 7)为流动相 ,采用 2 6 7nm紫外光进行检测 ,在 2 2min内将 7种四环素类抗生素全部洗脱并达到基线分离。探讨了流动相的pH值、草酸的浓度、流动相中有机相的比例以及检测波长等因素对分离度和灵敏度的影响。采用标准加入法定量 ,对两种实际样品进行了分析。结果表明 :该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、定量准确。     

Determination of thiosulfate, thiocyanate and polythionates in a mixture by ion-pair chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection

A sensitive ion chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of mixtures of thiosulfate, thiocyanate and polythionates (tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexathionate). The proposed method is based on the separation of the sulfur anions on an octadecylsilica (ODS) column with an acetonitrile-water mobile phase containing tetrapropylammonium salt (TPA) as an ion-pairing reagent and the ultraviolet absorption detection of the sulfur anions. When an acetonitrile-water (20:80, v/v) solution (pH 5.0) containing 6 mM TPA was used as a mobile phase at flow-rate of 0.6 ml min(-1), the sulfur anions were resolved within 22 min. The detection limits defined at S/N=3 and 230 nm were very low for all anions, except trithionate: 30 nM for thiosulfate, 60 nM for thiocyanate, 20 nM for tetrathionate, 15 nM for pentathionate and 18 nM for hexathionate. The proposed method gave recoveries ranging from 95.0 to 105.0% when applied to the determination of polythionates added to hot spring waters.     

An HPLC method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of cinnamic acid in the plasma of rats having taken the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of cinnamic acid in the plasma of rats after having been administrated orally with the traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) preparation Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction is established. Plasma samples taken from rats are acidified with hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. Separation of the main effective constituent cinnamic acid is accomplished on a C18 stationary phase and a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-2% glacial acetic acid (10:22:70, v/v) with a UV detector setting at 254 nm. After validation, the method is used to take a limited view of pharmacokinetic profiles of the TCM preparation of the Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction.     

High-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for quantitative determination of 4alpha-methyl-24beta-ethyl-5alpha-cholesta-14,25-dien-3beta-ol, 24beta-ethylcholesta-5,9(11),22E-trien-3beta-ol, and betulinic acid in Clerodendrum inerme

A sensitive, selective, precise, and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatography method was developed and validated for analysis of two new recently isolated sterols, 4alpha-methyl-24beta-ethyl-5alpha-cholesta-14,25-dien-3beta-ol (1) and 24beta-ethylcholesta-5,9(11),22E-trien-3beta-ol (2), and a triterpene, betulinic acid (3), in Clerodendrum inerme extract. The method employed HPTLC plates precoated with silica gel 60F(254 )as the stationary phase. To achieve good separation, an optimised mobile phase consisting of toluene-acetone (94:06, v/v) was used (R(f )0.48, 0.34, and 0.22 for compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Densitometric determination of the above compounds was carried out in reflection/absorption mode at 620 nm. Optimised chromatographic conditions provide well separated compact spots for the compounds 1, 2, and 3. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 100-2500 ng/spot. The method was validated for precision, robustness, and recovery. The limits of detection and quantitation were 5, 6, and 10 microg/mL and 14, 18, and 29 microg/mL, respectively, for 1, 2, and 3. The method reported here is reproducible and convenient for quantitative analysis of these compounds in the aerial parts of C. inerme.     

示差折光-液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中β-呋喃果糖苷酶残留量

基于β-呋喃果糖苷酶与棉子糖在柠檬酸-氢氧化钠缓冲介质(pH 4.50)中50℃下反应16h后的酶解产物蜜二糖含量的变化,建立了高效液相色谱示差折光检测(HPLC-RID)技术测定蜂蜜中β-呋喃果糖苷酶残留量的新方法.以Agilent Carbohydrate柱为分离柱,乙腈-水(78∶22,V/V)为流动相,流速为1.4 mL/min,检测器为示差折光检测器,柱温和检测器温度均为35℃.结果表明,蜂蜜样品经过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱分离后,样品峰形得到简化,灵敏度提高了1.3倍;方法的线性范围为10～200 U/kg;测出限为10 U/kg;回收率为81.3％～112.4％;相对标准偏差为3.7％～9.7％(n=6).当蜂蜜样品中β-呋喃果糖苷酶含量＞20 U/kg时,判定为阳性样品,即掺假蜂蜜.     

Determination of free, total, and esterified cholesterol by high-performance liquid chromatography

A method is described for measuring free, total, and esterified cholesterol in blood serum in which reversed-phase liquid chromatography is used and the eluate is monitored at 200 nm. The sample for total cholesterol is prepared according to the Abell-Kendall procedure, and for free cholesterol an extract of serum--isopropanol (1:5, v/v) is used. The column is a muBondapak C18, 10 micrometers, and the mobile phase for total cholesterol is isopropanol--acetonitrile (50:50, v/v); for free cholesterol, it is isopropanol--acetonitrile--water (60:30:10). An approximation of the free cholesterol, triglycerides, and individual cholesteryl esters is obtained from single chromatograms of isopropanol extracts of serum if the first mobile phase is used. In a comparison study with the Abell-Kendall method for total cholesterol, the correlation is excellent and the precision is acceptable.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测干果中16种真菌毒素

建立了同时检测10种常见干果中16种真菌毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法.将干果可食部分加水匀浆,以10 mmol/L柠檬酸-乙腈溶液为提取剂,C18为净化剂,使用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离样品,在优化的洗脱梯度和时间条件下,16种真菌毒素在8 min内实现良好分离,检出限为0.02~1.00μg/L;在线性范围(1~200μg/L)内线性相关系数R>0.9981,3个添加水平的平均回收率为70.48%~118.85%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.3%~11.9%.本方法经济、快速、简单、高效,能够满足不同干果基质中多种真菌毒素同时检测要求.     

Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms

A simple, reliable and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed and evaluated. The drug and the internal standard (phenobarbitone) were eluted from a 5-micron C8 reversed-phase column at ambient temperature with a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer (10 mM)-methanol-acetonitrile (50 + 28 + 22) adjusted to pH 4.8 with orthophosphoric acid. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow-rate of 1.5 ml min-1 and the effluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 214 nm. The retention times of the internal standard and metoclopramide hydrochloride were 3.0 and 7.5 min, respectively. Quantification was achieved by measuring the peak-height ratio of the drug to the internal standard. A linear relationship was found over the range 1-10 micrograms ml-1. Within-day coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 0.50 to 1.70% and between-day CVs from 0.68 to 4.07% at three different concentrations. The developed procedure was compared with the current BP method for the assay of metoclopramide hydrochloride in tablets. The proposed method was also used to study the stability of metoclopramide hydrochloride.     

高效液相色谱法测定染发剂中的22种染料成分

建立了染发剂中22种染料成分的高效液相色谱测定方法。使用Discovery RP-Amide C16柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-0.025 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.0,含0.1%的庚烷磺酸钠离子对试剂)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min;使用二极管阵列检测器(DAD),检测波长为260 nm和280 nm,柱温为25 ℃。该方法除了对低浓度的甲苯-2,5-二胺硫酸盐、2-甲基雷锁辛和N,N-二乙基甲苯-2,5-二胺HCl外,对其他各组分的含量测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%,加标回收率为77.6%～122.8%。该方法简便、准确、快速,适于氧化型染发剂中染料成分的检测。     

以meso四-(对磺基苯)卟啉为柱后衍生剂同时测定微量镉、汞、锌的离子色谱法

提出了以TPPS_4为柱后色谱衍生试剂的同时测定微量汞、镉和锌的离子色谱分析法,研究了影响衍生反应速度的因素。在含氯化钠的pH 10.3～12的硼酸钠缓冲介质中,以PAR催化TPPS_4与待测金属离子反应,以硅质键合相阳离子交换剂为固定相、酒石酸—氯化钠为流动相,于10min左右定量分离金属离子并将镉的淋洗顺序调至锌前。用于废水、硅酸盐和大米分析,结果满意。     

Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary metabolites of benzene, nitrobenzene, toluene, xylene and styrene.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of six urinary metabolites of several aromatic chemicals: phenol (from benzene), hippuric acid (from toluene), 3-methylhippuric acid (from xylene), mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid (from styrene) and 4-nitrophenol (from nitrobenzene). Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was performed in an isocratic mode at 1 ml/min on a 5-microns C18 column using two mobile phases: (A) acetonitrile-1% phosphoric acid (10:90); (B) acetonitrile-1% phosphoric acid (30:70). Phase A separates the six metabolites well, but phase B allows to a more rapid and reproducible simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds than phase A. For these compounds a prior enzymic hydrolysis step using Helix pomatia juice is performed to hydrolyse their sulphate and glucuronate conjugates. The reproducibility and the specificity are both excellent. Furthermore, the method is rapid, economical and easily automated. The proposed method appears very suitable for the routine monitoring of workers exposed to these chemicals on the basis of the biological threshold limit values.     

Determination of fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection using precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate

A new high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of fatty acids in seed oils. The method was based on precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate as a labeling agent and fluorescence detection. Fatty acids were extracted from the samples and subjected to derivatization with the reagent at 60°C for 10?min. The chromatographic separation of 14 fatty acids (C10–C22) was achieved on a combined loading compression octadecyl sulfate (CLC-ODS) column with a run time of 30?min. Three-step gradient elution of a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water was used, and the signal was monitored at excitation and emission wavelengths of 265 and 315?nm, respectively. The method indicated favorable sensitivity and reproducibility for fatty acids’ derivatives. The detection limits, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 0.01–0.05?µg/ml and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 0.27%. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of 0.9995. This method was applied to quantify fatty acids in white, brown, and black sesame seeds’ oil.     

High-performance liquid chromatography of lactose with evaporative light scattering detection, applied to determine fine particle dose of carrier in dry powder inhalation products

A method for quantification of the fine particle dose of lactose is described, using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) method and evaporative light scattering detection. The HILIC method used an aminopropyl column and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitril/water (80/20, v/v) for isocratic elution. Sensitive chromatography was obtained using a low concentration of water in the extraction solvent. The detection limit (RSD<10%) at an injection volume of 10 microL is 10 microg/mL. Linearity was obtained in the range of 10-80 microg/mL (R(2)>0.99). A relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.5% (N=6) demonstrated good precision of the optimized method.     

Layer structure preservation during swelling, pillaring, and exfoliation of a zeolite precursor

MCM-22(P), the precursor to zeolite MCM-22, consists of stacks of layers that can be swollen and exfoliated to produce catalytically active materials. However, the current swelling procedures result in significant degradation of crystal morphology along with partial loss of crystallinity and dissolution of the crystalline phase. Fabrication of polymer nanocomposites and coatings with MCM-22 for separation, barrier, and other applications requires a swelling method that does not alter drastically the crystal morphology and layer structure and preserves the high aspect ratio of the layers. Here, we demonstrate such a method by swelling MCM-22(P) at room temperature. The low-temperature process does not disrupt the framework connectivity present in the parent MCM-22(P) material. By extensive washing with water, the swollen material, MCM-22(PS-RT), evolves to a new ordered layered structure. Interestingly, the swelling procedure is reversible and the swollen material can be restored back to MCM-22(P) by acidification of the sample. The swollen material can also be pillared to produce an MCM-36 analogue. It can also be exfoliated, and layers can be incorporated in a polymer matrix to make nanocomposites.     

液相色谱–大气压化学电离串联质谱法测定油脂中9种胆固醇氧化物

建立一种准确测定油脂中9种胆固醇氧化物含量的同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。向油脂样品中加入无水乙醇和60%氢氧化钾溶液,在室温下避光皂化22 h,使用乙醚-石油醚混合液(1∶1)作为提取溶液,采用液-液萃取方式提取目标物,再使用硅胶柱进行净化,采用5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液与甲醇-乙腈混合液(1∶1)为双流动相梯度淋洗,使用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱分离,在大气压化学电离(APCI)正离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式内标法定量测定。在10~500μg/L范围内,9种胆固醇氧化物的质量浓度与色谱峰面积线性良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,检出限均为0.5 mg/kg,在1,5 mg/kg两个添加水平时,加标回收率为71.2%~94.4%,相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6)。该方法满足动植物油脂中胆固醇氧化物含量测定需要。     

Simultaneous determination of chloroquine, amodiaquine and their metabolites in human plasma, red blood cells, whole blood and urine by column liquid chromatography

A column liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine, amodiaquine and their monodesethyl metabolite in human plasma, red blood cells, whole blood and urine is described. The drugs and internal standard were extracted as bases with methylene dichloride and then re-extracted into an acid aqueous phase. Separation was obtained using a reversed-phase column and a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0)-acetonitrile (88:12). The absorbance of the drugs was monitored at 340 nm with a sensitivity limit of 10 pmol/ml. No endogenous compound interfered at this wavelength. The mean overall recovery from each biological fluid was greater than 75%. This method can be applied to therapeutic, pharmacokinetic and epidemiological studies. The metabolism of these two amino-4-quinolines in humans is compared.     

High performance liquid chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry for separation and simultaneous determination of ethynylestradiol, gestodene, levonorgestrel, cyproterone acetate and desogestrel

A fast and highly sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic/ion-trap mass spectrometric method (LC/MS) has been developed for simultaneous determination of ethynylestradiol (EE2), gestodene (GES), levonorgestrel (LNG), cyproterone acetate (CPA) and desogestrel (DES). Among three types of sorbents tested (C8, C18 and phenyl) from two suppliers, the best separation was achieved on reverse phase Zorbax SB-Phenyl column using aqueous methanol as a mobile phase. A linear gradient profile from 70 up to 100% (v/v) in 7th min, kept constant at 100% up to 10th min and followed by a negative gradient to 70% of methanol up to 12th min was used for elution. Applicability of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and influence of the mobile phase composition, its flow rate, capillary/vaporizer temperature of API source and in-source fragmentor voltage ionization are discussed. The on-column limits of quantification (10 S/N) were 300 pg of EE2, 14 pg of GES and LNG, 4 pg of CPA and 960 pg of DES per injection (1 μL) using APCI with data collection in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated using the determination of EE2, GES, LNG, CPA and DES in contraceptives and river water samples.