Preparation and structural investigation of normalconducting and high-T c superconducting (Tl,Pb)Sr2(Ca,Tl)Cu2O7−y

We report on the synthesis and a structural investigation of two isomorphous variants of (Tl, Pb)Sr₂(Ca, Tl)Cu₂O_7–y with different conductive properties. Our analysis of their tetragonal crystal structure (space groupP4/m m m) from X-ray powder data revealed characteristic features such as Tl off-centering, multiple cations and partly vacant oxygen sites. We found that substitution of about 35% Pb²⁺ for Tl³⁺ in the TlO monolayers of the structure, accompanied by replacement of about 23% Tl³⁺ for Ca²⁺ in the perovskite-like layers, changed normalconducting into superconducting behavior, with a transition to zero resistivity at 76 K; normalconducting behavior was found for 25% Pb on Tl sites. Subtle differences in the comparably high levels of doping of the Cu–O pyramidal sheets with holes are assumed to be responsible for the different conductive properties observed. We suggest that an excessive hole concentration turns the compound from superconducting into metallic behavior.     

67Cu(67Zn) Mössbauer emission spectroscopy of Tl2Ba2CuO6 and Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8

The parameters of the crystal electric-field gradient at the copper sites of Tl₂Ba₂CuO₆ and Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O₈ have been determined by Mössbauer emission spectroscopy using the ⁶⁷Cu(⁶⁷Zn) isotope, and calculated in the point-charge approximation. The results obtained are analyzed using the available ⁶³Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance data. The experimental and calculated data can be brought in agreement if one assumes that the holes appearing after part of the thallium atoms lower their valency become localized primarily at the oxygen sites lying in the plane of the copper ions.     

Antiferromagnetic vortex core in Tl(2)Ba(2)CuO(6+delta) studied by nuclear magnetic resonance

Spatially resolved NMR is used to probe the magnetism in and around vortex cores of nearly optimally doped Tl(2)Ba(2)CuO(6+delta) (T(c)=85 K). The NMR relaxation rate T(-1)1 at the 205Tl site provides direct evidence that the antiferromagnetic (AF) spin correlation is significantly enhanced in the vortex core region. In the core region Cu spins show a local AF ordering with moments parallel to the layers at T(N)=20 K. Above T(N) the core region is in the paramagnetic state which is a reminiscence of the state above the pseudogap temperature (T(*) approximately 120 K), indicating that the pseudogap disappears within cores.     

Polarisationseffekte des Fluoreszenzlichtes von Plastikszintillator,KJ (Tl), CsJ (Tl) und Anthrazen

Investigating the optical isotropic scintillators KJ (Tl), CsJ (Tl) and plastic NE 102 A a non-vanishing degree of polarization of the emitted light was found. Since the arrangement is otherwise symmetrical, this polarization is only due to the mechanism of activation by deuterons of 27.5 MeV energy. Measurements of fluorescence light emitted by anthracene crystals at room temperature showed within the apparative uncertainty no dependence of polarization from the direction of activation. However such a dependence was found at the temperature of liquid air.     

双维位置灵敏CsI(Tl)探测器

描述了一种双维位置灵敏CsI(Tl)探测器.用3组分α源测量该探测器得到的位置分辨为0.81mm(FWHM),对于69MeV/u ³⁶Ar能量分辨为0.9％(FWHM).在RIBLL的ΔE-E粒子鉴别望远镜中常常作为E探测器.由于CsI(Tl)晶体对不同的粒子的能损-光输出的非线性,需要针对不同离子对CsI探测器作能量-光输出校正曲线.     

Dielectric characteristics and phase transitions in Tl(InS2) 1 − x (FeSe2) x solid solutions

This paper reports on a study of the electrical conductivity and permittivity of Tl(InS_{2) 1−x} (FeSe_{2) x} crystals as functions of composition and temperature. It has been found that the permittivity decreases in magnitude, while the electrical conductivity increases with increasing x. Crystals Tl(InS_{2) 1−x} (FeSe_{2) x} have been observed to undergo a sequence of phase transitions characteristic of TlInS₂, which manifests itself in formation of anomalies in the σ = f(T) and ɛ = f(T) temperature dependences. It has been shown that as x increases, the phase transition temperatures decrease, while the temperature region within which the incommensurate phase persists broadens slightly.     

C-axis Josephson plasma resonance observed in Tl(2)Ba(2)CaCu(2)O(8) superconducting thin films by use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

We have unambiguously observed the c -axis Josephson plasma resonance (JPR) in high-critical-temperature (T(c)) cuprate (Tl(2)Ba(2)CaCu(2)O(8)) superconducting thin films, employing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission as a function of temperature in zero magnetic field. These are believed to be the first measurements of the JPR temperature dependence of a high-T(c) material in transmission. With increasing temperature, the JPR shifts from 705 GHz at 10 K to ~170 GHz at 98 K, corresponding to an increase in c-axis penetration depth from 22.4+/-0.6mum to 94+/-9mum . The linewidth of the JPR peak increases with temperature, which indicates an increase in the quasi-particle scattering rate. We have probed the onset of the c -axis phase coherence to ~0.95T(c) . The JPR vanishes above T(c) as expected.     

Tl(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA-H2O2-DPC体系反应机理研究

本文用光度法研究了在弱酸性介质中 ,Tl(Ⅲ ) Cu(Ⅱ ) EDTA H2 O2 DPC体系的反应机理。实验结果表明 ,该体系的反应机理是基于Tl(Ⅲ )置换出Cu(Ⅱ ) EDTA络合物中的Cu(Ⅱ ) ,Cu(Ⅱ )催化H2 O2 氧化二苯碳酰二肼生成二苯卡巴腙 ,然后Cu(Ⅱ )与二苯卡巴腙络合 ,生成有色络合物被氯仿萃取 ,在有机相中其络合物的最大吸收波长为 550nm。     

用位置灵敏光电倍增管读出的CsI(Tl)探测器

报道了用双维位置灵敏光电倍增管读出的CsI(T1)探测器,其CsI(T1)晶体厚度为10mm,灵敏面积为60mm×60mm.探测器的空间位置分辨为0.81mm(FWHM).用蒙特卡罗的方法对该探测器作了进一步模拟研究,其结果与实际测试的结果很好地一致.     

Block spin ground state and three-dimensionality of (K,Tl)(y)Fe(1.6)Se2

The magnetic properties and electronic structure of (K,Tl)(y)Fe(1.6)Se(2) is studied using first-principles calculations. The ground state is checkerboard antiferromagnetically coupled blocks of the minimal Fe(4) squares, with a large block-spin moment ～11.2 μ(B). The magnetic interactions could be modeled with a simple spin model involving both the inter- and intrablock, as well as the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor couplings. The calculations also suggest a metallic ground state except for y=0.8 where a band gap ～400-550 meV opens, showing an antiferromagnetic insulator ground state for (K,Tl)(0.8)Fe(1.6)Se(2). The electronic structure of the metallic (K,Tl)(y)Fe(1.6)Se(2) is highly three dimensional with unique Fermi surface structure and topology. These features indicate that the Fe-vacancy ordering is crucial to the physical properties of (K,Tl)(y)Fe(2-x)Se(2).     

Optical and Scintillation Properties of NaI(Tl) Crystals

Using absorption spectroscopy and luminescent methods, we have investigated qualitatively dissimilar NaI and NaI(Tl) crystals. It is established that in NaI(Tl) crystals grown under conditions of melt hydrolysis and interaction with the air components, centers of additional luminescence of nonactivation nature are formed that decrease the transparency in the activator-radiation region. Data on the hole nature of these centers are obtained. It is shown that high-temperature annealing can alter the number of centers responsible for the decrease in the transparency of the NaI(Tl) crystals.     

CsI(Tl) layers spectroscopy - comparison with crystals

Abstract

Emission and excitation spectra at liquid helium and liquid nitrogen temperature of CsI(Tl) single crystals and evaporated thin layers have revealed the existence of new centers in such materials. In particular, an emission band is observed around 460nm excited near 325 nm correlates with the quality of the evaporated thin film in terms of light yield and temporal behavior. The results can be interpreted using a dopant ion-bound exciton model involving different kinds of perturbed and non-perturbed centers.     

Color centers in heavily irradiated CsI(Tl) crystals

The absorption and luminescence properties of CsI(Tl) crystals colored by irradiation are studied by the method of the time-resolved spectroscopy. The scheme of the electron transitions in CsI(Tl) crystal is suggested to explain the appearance of the color centers under exposure to the near-UV light. It is established that either of the two types activator color centers holds the charge carrier with opposite sign. The model of the hole Tl²⁺v_c⁻ activator color center is suggested. According to the model the positive charge of Tl²⁺ ion is compensated by the negative charge of a close cation vacancy v_c⁻. The color center emission reveals in the cathode-luminescence spectrum of the colored CsI(Tl) crystal. The high-dose irradiation of CsI(Tl) crystal results in the reduction of the decay time of the near-thallium self-trapped excitons (STE) emission. The decay kinetics of Tl²⁺v_c⁻ emission contains the time components typical for the decay kinetics of near-thallium STE emission. The reason of the observed effects is the energy transfer from the near-thallium STE excitons to the color centers via the inductive-resonant mechanism.