气相色谱-质谱法测定木材中的五氯苯酚

建立采用气相色谱–质谱法检测木材中五氯苯酚含量的方法。用甲醇为萃取溶剂超声提取木材中五氯苯酚,以气相色谱–质谱仪进行定量分析。五氯苯酚的质量浓度X在0.025～2.0 mg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积Y呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方为Y=394.4X–8 435,线性相关系数r~2为0.999,检出限为0.03 mg/kg。在20,40,125μg/L加标水平下,样品加标回收率为94.1%～101.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.90%～2.13%(n=6)。该方法的样品前处理简单,不需要衍生化,具有较高的准确度与精密度,可用于木材中五氯苯酚的测定。     

固相微萃取气相色谱法测定水产品中五氯苯酚及其钠盐残留量

采用自动固相微萃取(Automated SPME)超声波辅助萃取技术(UE)与气相色谱联用测定水产品中五氯苯酚及其钠盐残留量.实验优化了SPME直接萃取技术,样品调pH 2,超声波40℃萃取30 min后,用85μm聚丙烯酸酯(PA)萃取头90℃自动搅拌萃取30 min,270℃解吸5 min.最低检出量为0.01μg/kg;五氯苯酚线性范围0.001～10 μg/L,r=0.9999;对鳕鱼加标五氯苯酚1.0、5.0μg/kg回收率分别为71.0%～80.0%、77.2%～91.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.3%和8.6%(n=3).该方法简便、灵敏、稳定,无溶剂污染,是测定水产品中五氯苯酚及其钠盐残留量的理想方法.     

乙酰化气相色谱法快速测定皮革及皮革制品中的五氯苯酚残留量

在前人工作基础上，对皮革及皮革制品中五氯苯酚残留测定方法经试验改进，增加浓硫酸净化步骤，并以艾氏剂作为标物，乙酰五氯苯酚用填充气相色谱测定。     

紫外分光光度法测定土壤中五氯酚

土壤样品经氢氧化钠提取后,其中不易溶于水的五氯酚以易溶于水的五氯酚钠形式被提取出来,采用紫外分光光度法测定土壤中五氯酚的含量。考察了介质的pH值、固液比及提取时间对测定的影响。在优化的试验条件下,五氯酚钠的质量浓度在40 mg.L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.023 mg.L-1。用此方法测定土壤中五氯酚含量,加标回收率为94.4%～104.7%。     

气相色谱法测定鱼塘水中2,4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚和五氯酚含量

鱼塘水中残留的2种除草剂(2,4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚和五氯酚)经GDX201固相萃取柱富集后,用二氯甲烷洗脱,洗脱液用N-(叔丁基二甲硅烷基)-N甲基三氟乙酰胺衍生化,所得衍生化产物溶于乙酸乙酯中,用气相色谱法测定,从而获得上述2种除草剂的含量。2,4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚和五氯酚的峰面积与其质量浓度均在10～200μg.L-1内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.09μg.L-1和0.16μg.L-1。以鱼塘水为基体进行加标回收试验,测得回收率依次为98.3%,98.6%;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为3.6%和4.3%。     

气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚

采用固相萃取(SPE)小柱固相萃取,建立了生活饮用水中2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚的气相色谱检测方法。用盐酸调节水样至p H 5.0,用SPE小柱固相萃取后以乙酸乙酯洗脱,以CD-5色谱柱进行分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚的含量。2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚的质量浓度在2.00~40.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,检出限分别为0.03,0.04μg/L;加标回收率分别为87.2%~93.9%,89.0%~94.8%;测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2%(n=7)。该方法具有检出限低、操作简便等优点,适用于生活饮用水中2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚的监测分析。     

超声萃取–气相色谱–质谱法同时测定皮革制品中11种氯甲苯类化合物

建立了皮革制品中2-一氯甲苯、3-一氯甲苯、4-一氯甲苯、2,4-二氯甲苯、2,5-二氯甲苯、2,6-二氯甲苯、2,3-二氯甲苯、3,4-二氯甲苯、2,3,6-三氯甲苯、2,4,5-三氯甲苯、五氯甲苯等11种氯甲苯类化合物的超声萃取–气相色谱–质谱分析方法。样品用二氯甲烷溶液超声提取,提取溶液直接进气相色谱–质谱联用仪进行分析,以2,4,5,6-四氯间二甲基苯酚为内标物,内标法定量。11种氯甲苯类化合物的线性范围为0.1~2.0μg/m L,相关系数(r~2)不小于0.999 1,方法的定量限为0.1 mg/kg,加标回收率在79.7%~104.1%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于8.0%(n=6)。该方法快速、简便,定性定量准确,灵敏度高,适用于皮革制品中11种氯甲苯类化合物含量的日常检测。     

橡胶及橡胶制品中4种酚类防霉剂的高效液相色谱法测定

建立了橡胶及其制品中硝基苯酚(PNP)、2,3,5,6-四氯苯酚(TeCP)、五氯苯酚(PCP)、邻苯基苯酚(OPP)4种酚类防腐剂的高效液相色谱测定方法。样品冷冻粉碎后,经甲醇超声提取,在Venusil-XBP C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)上以10 mmol/L醋酸铵和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器,PCP、TeCP、OPP的检测波长为220 nm,PNP的检测波长为320 nm。4种酚类防霉剂的质量浓度在0.5~250mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999 4。丁苯橡胶、硅橡胶基体的加标回收实验结果表明:TeCP、PCP、OPP、PNP在不同基质中的平均加标回收率分别为82%~95%、68%~90%、85%~98%、87%~98%,相对标准偏差小于5%。     

液相色谱同位素稀释质谱联用法测定纺织品中的痕量五氯苯酚

针对挪威PoHS指令、1999/51/EC以及REACH危险物质列表中对五氯苯酚的限量要求,建立了纺织品中痕量五氯苯酚残留量的液相色谱同位素稀释质谱联用法(LC-IDMS)。以酸化正己烷提取纺织品试样中的残留五氯苯酚,在Eclipse Plus C18柱(100mm×2.1mm I.D.,3.5μm)上,采用5mmol/L醋酸铵溶液/甲醇(体积比20∶80)为流动相进行分离,结合电喷雾电离离子化技术,在负离子模式下测定,进行质谱定量分析,以13C-五氯苯酚为内标进行定量。方法的定量限为0.005μg/g,在0.1～0.5μg/g个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为95%～105%,测定精密度为0.805%～1.40%。方法准确、可靠,适用于纺织品中痕量五氯苯酚残留的测定。同位素稀释质谱法作为一个基准方法,对五氯苯酚残留进行检测的计量学方法可靠性验证。     

纺织品中19种含氯苯酚的气相色谱-质谱联用测定及其迁移行为

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)同时测定纺织品中19种残留含氯苯酚的分析方法。以棉贴衬纺织品为基底材料,采用0.1 mol/L K_2CO_3溶液作为萃取液及衍生化介质,乙酸酐乙酰化,正己烷萃取后进行GC-MS测定,采用选择离子监测进行确证,外标法定量。检出限为2μg/kg,线性范围为0.0004~1.0 mg/L,线性相关系数R~2大于0.999,加标回收率为88.6%~107.6%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=7)为1.8%~7.6%,方法可满足纺织品及其制品中19种含氯苯酚类物质的同时检测需求。研究了棉纺织品中含氯苯酚的迁移行为,表明纺织品表面涂层性质、厚度等均对此迁移行为产生一定的影响。     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

Studies on the Formation of Catalytically Active PGM Nanoparticles from Model Solutions as a Basis for the Recycling of Spent Catalysts

The paper presents basic studies on the precipitation of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium nanoparticles from model acidic solutions using sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, and sodium formate as reducing agents and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizing agent. The size of the obtained PGM particles after precipitation with NaBH₄ solution does not exceed 55 nm. NaBH₄ is an efficient reducer; the precipitation yields for Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh are 75, 90, 65 and 85%, respectively. By precipitation with ascorbic acid, it is possible to efficiently separate Pt, Rh, and Ru from Pd from the two-component mixtures. The obtained Pt, Pd, and Rh precipitates have the catalytic ability of the catalytic reaction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. The morphological characteristic of the PGM precipitates was analyzed by AFM, SEM-EDS, and TEM.     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

New Complexes of Ditopic Ligands with “d” and/or “s” Metal Ions

Abstract

The asymmetric compartmental macrocycles containing one N₂O₂ or N₃O₂ Schiff base and one O₂O₃ or O₂O₄ crown-ether like chamber, have been obtained by condensation reaction of the formyl precursors 3,3′-(3-oxapentane-1, 5-diyldioxy) bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′-(3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with ethyl ethylenediamine (H₂L_A, H₂L_C), 1,5-diamino-3-azamethylpentane(H₂L_B, H₂L_D), also in the presence of metal ions as templating agents. These ditopic ligands, with dissimilar coordination sites, have been designed and used for the selective complexation of “d” and/or “s” metal ions, respectively into the Schiff base and the crown ether chamber. The selectivity of these processes strongly depends on the size and on the donor atom sets of the sites. The possibility to obtain mononuclear M(L)·nH₂O (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺), Mn(L)(CH₃COO)·nH₂O or Na(L) and hetero-dinuclear MNa(L)(CH₃COO) (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺) and MnNa(L)(CH₃COO)₂·nH₂O complexes has been successfully tested. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Two of the ligands used for the preparation of the solid samples, i.e., to H₂L_A and H₂L_B, have been employed to study complexation reactions of Co(II) and Na(I) in solution. In order to obtain information on the ligand preorganization effect toward the complex stabilities, a simpler open chain parent compound of H₂L_B (H₂L_E) has been also prepared and studied. FT-IR spectra show that H₂L_A is unable to complex Na⁺ in DMSO while the complexation reactions of Na⁺ by H₂L_B and of Co²⁺ by H₂L_A take place with slow kinetics. Therefore, thermodynamic data have been obtained only for the systems Co²⁺/H₂L_B and Co²⁺/H₂L_E. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation reactions show that the pre-organization of the donor atoms in H₂L_B does not add a significant contribution to the stabilities of the complexes. Both H₂L_B and H₂L_E form in DMSO 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 = M:L complexes with very similar stabilities and almost equal enthalpies of formation. Physico-chemical studies suggest besides that the slow reaction of Na⁺ with H₂L_B is probably due to the formation of a 1:1 complex where the metal cation, initially occupying the O₃ cage of the ligand, slowly binds also the oxygens of the phenolic moieties. Spectral and calorimetric data on solutions containing H₂L_B and different Co²⁺: Na⁺ ratios evidence that in DMSO no stable heterodinuclear complexes form when the neutral ligand is considered.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用.随着对AIE 发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE 分子体系得到了极大的扩展.其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分...     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.