基于离聚体的自乳化型水基微乳液研究进展

：本文对近几十年来的以离聚体为基的两亲型高聚物水基微乳液的研究状况进行了综述，介绍了这类方法的特点，总结了影响相反转因素、影响微乳液性质的因素等。对水基微乳液的性能和应用前景等也作了简要介绍。     

聚苯醚离聚体水基微乳液粒径及稳定性的研究

以乙酰磺酸为磺为磺化剂制备了磺化度为３～１７ｍｏｌ％的磺化聚苯醚（ＳＰＰＯ）,并中和成盐,在一定的温度和搅拌速度下,加水将ＳＰＰＯ离聚体溶液乳化成水包同的稳定水基微乳液。用光散射法及航向电镜法（ＴＥＭ）测定了ＳＰＰＯ离聚体水基微乳液的粒径及粒径分布,研究了磺化度、溶剂的极性、因含量等因素对微乳液粒径及稳定性的影响。     

磺化聚苯乙烯离聚体水基微乳液乳化过程中相反转机理的研究

将聚苯乙烯改性制成磺化聚苯乙烯离聚体，溶解在甲苯／甲醇混合溶剂中，缓慢加水将聚苯乙烯乳化成稳定的水包油的水基微乳液。本文通过研究在乳化过程中体系粘度和导电性的变化，研究了聚苯乙烯离聚体溶液乳化过程的相反转机理和离子含量对乳化过程和相反转机理的影响。     

离聚体水基微乳液化的研究——聚苯乙烯离聚体微乳化过程相反转的表征

以乙酰磺酸为磺化剂制备磺化度为３～１５ｍｏｌ％的磺化聚苯乙烯（ＳＰＳ）并中和成盐．在一定的温度和搅拌速率下，加水将ＳＰＳ乳化成水包油的稳定水基微乳液．用乳化过程中体系电导率和粘度的变化表征了乳化相反转过程．研究了溶剂的极性和离子含量对聚苯乙烯离聚体溶液可乳化性和乳化过程及乳液稳定性的影响．     

溶剂极性对磺化聚苯醚微乳液相反转的影响

水基微乳液;溶剂极性对磺化聚苯醚微乳液相反转的影响     

PD-co-SVS石蜡油微乳液的制备与破乳（英文）

通过简单的自由基聚合作用,首次采用单体甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯和乙烯基磺酸钠合成了一种新型聚合物.采用IR,1H NMR,动态光散射、表面技术等技术对高聚物进行了表征.该聚合物粒子具有合适的尺寸和很好的微乳化稳定性.按油水比为1∶2,制备稳定的PD-co-SVS水溶液和石蜡油的微乳液,然后通入CO2气泡能快速破乳.在60℃通入,已破乳的PD-co-SVS石蜡油微乳液又很容易被乳化.通过通入CO2气泡和N2,PD-co-SVS石蜡油微乳液的乳化和破乳过程可逆又可重复.这种微乳液可在绿色工业材料的商业使用过程中将会有非常好的应用.     

溶剂极性对聚苯醚离聚体微乳液相反转影响的研究

以乙酰磺酸为磺化剂制备了磺化度为 3%～ 1 7% (摩尔比 )的磺化聚苯醚 (SPPO)。在一定的温度和搅拌速度下 ,加水将SPPO离聚体溶液乳化成水包油的稳定水基微乳液。用电导率、粘度、表面张力等表征了SPPO离聚体溶液在微乳化过程中的相反转 ,研究了溶剂的极性对SPPO微乳化过程相反转的影响。     

混合溶剂对磺化聚苯乙烯水基微乳液体系形态的影响

利用相反转技术制备磺化聚苯乙烯(SPS)水基微乳液,研究发现,通过选择溶剂和控制混合溶剂的组成,可制备不同颗粒形态结构的SPS水基微乳液,并研究了相反转过程、乳液稳定性与混合溶剂组成之间的关系。     

磺化聚苯醚离聚体微乳化过程相反转的研究

以乙酰磺酸为磺化剂制备了磺化度为 3%～ 1 7%mol的磺化聚苯醚 (SPPO)并中和成盐 ,在一定的温度和搅拌速度下 ,加水将SPPO乳化成水包油的稳定水基微乳液。用乳化过程中的体系的电导率、粘度和表面张力的变化表征了乳化相反转过程。另外还研究了溶剂的极性和离子含量对SPPO溶液可乳化性和乳化过程的影响     

离聚体水基微乳液化的研究──聚苯醚离聚体微乳化过程的相反转

以乙酰磺酸为磺化剂制备了磺化度为３～１７ｍｏｌ％的磺化聚苯醚（ＳＰＰＯ）并中和成盐,在一定的温度和搅拌速度下,加水将ＳＰＰＯ乳化成水包油的稳定水基微乳液．用乳化过程中的体系的电导率、粘度和表面张力的变化表征了乳化相反转过程．另外还研究了溶剂的极性和离子含量对ＳＰＰＯ溶液可乳化性和乳化过程的影响．     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。