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以蘑菇为原料提取甲壳素,并制备壳聚糖。通过滴定法测定由蘑菇制备的壳聚糖的脱乙酰度,用乌氏黏度计测定了比浓黏度,并研究了制备工艺中加热温度和碱处理时间对它们的影响,计算了其产率;对以蘑菇为原料制取的甲壳素、壳聚糖的结构通过红外光谱进行表征。结果表明,在碱处理时间为24h、加热温度为100℃的条件下有较高的脱乙酰度;比浓黏度随着碱处理时间的延长、加热温度的增加都呈下降的趋势;壳聚糖产率为1.69%。制取的甲壳素、壳聚糖的红外光谱图表明,甲壳素在蘑菇中主要是以α-构型存在,α-构型甲壳素在浓碱中经过脱乙酰后生成β-构型的壳聚糖。 相似文献
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线性滴定法同时测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度及其胺基的表观离解常数 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文用线性滴定法测定了壳聚糖的脱乙酰度,并同时测定了壳聚糖中胺基的表现离解常数,对文献中的两个计算脱乙酰度的公式,给出了具体的含义,修正了公式中的错误。重复测定(n=5)不同粘度的样品的结果表明相对标准偏差小于1.4%,同时讨论了脱乙酰度与壳聚糖的粘度,胺基表现解常数之间的关系。 相似文献
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《理化检验(化学分册)》2015,(12)
<正>壳聚糖又名脱乙酰甲壳素,是甲壳素经浓碱脱乙酰基后得到的衍生物,具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,广泛应用于医药、食品、化妆品、轻工、印染、环保和生物工程等领域~[1-3]。而壳聚糖的脱乙酰度(DD)则是指壳聚糖多糖分子氨基上脱去乙酰基的百分比,其高低直接影响壳聚糖的溶解度、絮凝能力、螯合金属离子能力和N-选择性酰化能力等物化特性,是鉴定壳聚糖产品质量的一个重要指标。因此,如何快速准确地测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度 相似文献
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光纤折射率传感用于壳聚糖脱乙酰度测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了一种基于光纤折射率传感技术的壳聚糖脱乙酰度测定方法. 利用光纤折射率传感器监测酸碱滴定过程中溶液折射率的变化, 根据折射率变化转折点之间碱的用量来计算壳聚糖的脱乙酰度. 该方法测得的3种不同含量实际样品的脱乙酰度与氢核磁共振波谱(1H NMR)方法测定结果相符, 验证了方法的可靠性. 该方法具有用量少、 结构简单、 准确、 重复性好和转折点明显等优点, 可应用于工业生产中壳聚糖脱乙酰度的测定. 相似文献
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采用共沉淀法制备Ru/ZrO2·xH2O,以Ru/ZrO2·xH2O作为催化剂催化液相中二氟乙酸甲酯(CF2HCOOCH3)加氢制备2,2-二氟乙醇(CF2HCH2OH),并且对反应前后催化剂进行了XRD表征,考察了溶剂、搅拌速度、时间、压力和温度对加氢反应的影响。实验结果表明,在以水为溶剂、搅拌速度1000 r/min、反应时间5 h、压力2.8 MPa、温度140℃条件下,CF2HCOOCH3的转化率为100%,CF2HCH2OH的收率达到51%。 相似文献
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In the present study, the reaction kinetics of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and epoxy system was studied by a novel rheological method. The reaction process was determined by rheological test and the results showed that there were three stages in the reaction between PBT and epoxy, which were reaction-controlling stage (stage I), reaction-stagnation stage (stage II) and diffusion-controlling stage (stage III). In addition, the stage I was selected to study the reaction kinetics by the rheological method. The results showed that the reaction between PBT and epoxy could be classified as a pseudo-first-order reaction due to the excessive amount of epoxy group. Furthermore, the reaction apparent activation energy of the stage I determined by the rheological method was 143 kJ/mol. To confirm these results, the reaction kinetics was also evaluated by the endgroup determination method, and the results showed that the reaction could also be classified as a pseudo-first-order reaction. Moreover, the apparent activation energy of the reaction was 116 kJ/mol, which was similar to that of the value obtained by the rheological method. 相似文献
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以Pd/C为催化剂,在改进的动力学实验装置上研究了松脂分子间氢转移反应的集总动力学.在消除内、外扩散影响的条件下,在线跟踪反应产物并用气相色谱法测定反应体系组成随时间的变化,构造了Pd/C催化剂上松脂分子间氢转移集总反应网络,建立了包含单萜烯、枞酸型树脂酸、海松酸型树脂酸、对伞花烃、氢化单萜烯、脱氢枞酸、氢化枞酸型树脂酸和氢化海松酸型树脂酸等复杂反应体系的集总动力学模型,并估算了模型参数.松脂单萜烯和树脂酸的反应级数分别为1和2,并得到了松脂分子间氢转移中各反应过程的活化能.结果表明,所建动力学模型与实验数据吻合良好,并能预测反应在533 K下的集总组分浓度分布.Pd/C催化松脂分子间氢转移反应以脱氢反应为主,树脂酸的氢转移速率大于单萜烯的氢转移速率. 相似文献
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以巯丙基-三乙氧基硅烷为有机硅源,采用接枝法合成了磺酸基功能化有机无机杂化材料(MCM-SO3H).XRD、FT-IR、BET的研究表明,磺酸基功能化介孔有机无机杂化材料具有非常高的比表面积和规整的六方孔道结构.酸性测定表明,MCM-SO3H含酸量为0.40mmolH /g.MCM-SO3H对pinacol重排反应具有很高的催化活性,在反应温度为383K时,pinacol的转化率接近100%,pinacolone的选择性达到90%左右.反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和溶剂对pinacol重排反应有很大的影响提高反应温度、延长反应时间和增加催化剂的用量,均可提高pinacol的转化率和pinacolone的选择性.中等极性溶剂有利于pinacol重排反应. 相似文献
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以三聚氯氰和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,经取代反应制得2-氯-4,6-二(3-三乙氧基硅烷-1-丙氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪(3); 3与二乙烯三胺(4)反应合成了一种新型的无卤高含硅量的成炭剂(5),其结构和性能经1H NMR, FT-IR和TGA表征。考察了物料比、缚酸剂、反应时间、反应溶剂和反应温度对5收率的影响。实验结果表明:最佳反应条件为:甲苯为溶剂,三乙胺为缚酸剂, n(3): n(4)= 3.3 : 1,于100 ℃反应11 h,收率62.7%; 5的初始分解温度为197 ℃, 700 ℃时残炭为36.7%。 相似文献
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Juyoung Choi Hyungtae Kim Seungjoo Haam 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(6):743-749
The relationship between nanoscaled morphology and macroscopic electrical conductivity of polypyrrole (PPy) nanostructures was qualitatively investigated. The PPy nanostructures were prepared via microemulsion polymerization using ionic surfactants. The morphology of PPy was influenced by both the type of ionic surfactants and reaction sequences; specifically, the PPy structures were highly influenced by the reaction sequence when anionic surfactant of SDS was used. By changing reaction sequence, a gel-like PPy was formed influencing on the macroscopic electrical conductivity. The results indicate that the macroscopic conductivity of PPy is affected by its nanoscaled structures as determined by the reaction conditions. 相似文献
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The kinetic parameters of photoinduced electron transfer reaction of two phenothiazine dyes, methylene blue and methylene green with titanium trichloride, were determined in water and different aqueous-alcoholic solvents at different acidities by using a specially designed optical system. The rate of photoinduced electron transfer reaction was measured by determining the quantum yield of the reaction. The methylene green had a higher reactivity as compared to methylene blue with titanium trichloride. The graphical analysis showed that the reaction of dye with titanium trichloride follows pseudo–first-order kinetics. A reaction mechanism was proposed by considering the different excited states of dye and their possible interaction with the solvent and titanium trichloride. The different steps in the reaction mechanism were taken into consideration for deriving rate equations, which were used to determine the different rate constants in the reaction mechanism in different solvents. 相似文献