CCD用于全息光栅常数实时测量研究

本文讨论了在制造全息光栅过程中，ＣＣＤ实时测量全息光栅常数的方法。其方法可实现高精度、全自动在线测量全息光栅常数，比传统的测量优越。文章用简单的装置借助ＣＣＤ进行数据采集、数据处理，实现快速自动测量光栅常数，在全息光学中有应用价值，对推广ＣＣＤ应用技术，促进光学测量现代化有现实意义。     

中子活化测铜62半衰期的一种方法

本文介绍用 １４ ＭｅＶＤ—Ｔ密封中子发生器活化铜，通过６３Ｃｕ（ｎ，２ｎ）６２Ｃｕ核反应制备６２Ｃｕ，用正电子湮没法测量６２Ｃｕ的半衰期，这可排除β－和其它电子的干扰，与用钟罩型β计数器测量结果对照，其精度更高．     

CCD测量杨氏模量的研究

本文研究ＣＣＤ在杨氏模量测量中的应用。ＣＣＤ可实现杨氏模量的自动化高精度测量，比传统的测量方法优越。     

利用激光三角测距法提高三维面型检测精度的方法

本文首先介绍了根据激光三角测距原理并采用片光照明、面阵ＣＣＤ接收的三维面形检测原理，其优点在于物面相对于测量头仅需一个方向移动即可完成二维扫描，使测量系统结构简单、便于控制。其次分析了影响其测量精度的几个主要因素，即散斑噪声、接收器件本身的分辨率、投影片光束的宽度与稳定性。散斑噪声造成了投影光斑的抖动，ＣＣＤ的分辨率限制了测量系统的分辨率，而片光束的质量影响着ＣＣＤ光敏面上像斑的准确定位。针对其各自的特点给出了相应的解决途径。     

一种使用线阵型CCD实现高精度二维位置测量的方法

介绍了一种使用ＣＣＤ测量位置的方法。与其它ＣＣＤ位置测量系统不同，通过设计一个特殊的光学系统，实现了使用两个线阵型ＣＣＤ进行高精度二维位置坐标测量。文中对该光学系统进行了误差分析，证实该方法具有很高的测量精度。该二维位置测量方法具有一些突出的优点：系统响应速度快，可以对动态目标进行测量；测量精度高；制造成本低。上述特点使它在工业制造领域内有着广阔的应用前景。     

使用CCD测量玻璃管内液体界面位置的灵巧测量头

本文介绍一种使用线阵ＣＣＤ进行玻璃管内液位测量的光电测量头。与其他ＣＣＤ尺寸测量的光学系统不同，本文依据不同的液体具有不同的折射率，提出利用柱形容器中液体的聚光特性，得到两种不同液体的分界面在线阵ＣＣＤ上清晰的像。     

微粒大小及其分布的光电复合检测

叙述一种新的光电复合测量技术，它集ＣＣＤ摄像显示，微机信息采集与处理，光不投影放大，显微镜目视判读为一体，可对微粒大小及其空间分布实行多通道测量，观察和分析。     

轨道振动的非接触测量

ＣＣＤ实时地非接触检测铁轨的振动情况是一种既方便又准确的测量方法。该方法能够测出轨道振动的幅度、频率、相位、加速度等参数。ＣＣＤ非接触测振系统由照明光源、成像系统、ＣＣＤ、检测逻辑接口电路及计算机软件构成。通过实际检测，它能够达到振幅测量精度为０．１ｍｍ，最大量程为１００ｍｍ，频率不低于２００Ｈｚ。该系统可扩展到用非接触方法测量各种机械振动、位移量和物体边沿检测等应用领域。     

折射法检测透明液体浓度的研究

本文介绍一种测量透明液体浓度的方法，其基本原理是依据最小偏向角法，将溶液盛入空心三棱镜，测量光束沿最小偏向角的变化，拟合出液体浓度与角度变化的函数，实现浓度的测定。在该系统中，采用ＣＣＤ为接收器件，在很大范围内保证了不大于３％的测量精度。     

线阵CCD用于长距离衍射准直测量

本文介绍了在半导体激光光纤与位相板相结合的准直情况下,利用线阵ＣＣＤ探测器测量大型工件形位误差遇到的光强变化而引起测量误差的问题,并对用线阵ＣＣＤ进行衍射信号测量的原理和特点作了分析。根据ＣＣＤ的工作原理和特性,提出了利用自动控制ＣＣＤ积分时间的方法,使ＣＣＤ输出的信号峰值保持恒定,提高了系统的测量精度。     

Parallelism error characterization with mechanical and interferometric methods

Two methods for measuring the parallelism error of gauge blocks are discussed. The first method makes use of contact probes, sampling the gauge thickness at fixed locations; the parallelism error is given by the difference between maximum and minimum thickness over the sampled area. The second method is based on interferometry, producing the height maps of the opposing surfaces with respect to one another; the parallelism error is obtained after processing of the interferometric data. The two methods have been implemented in different laboratories, and compared by measuring five different gauge blocks. The results are reported, showing that the first method is more straightforward and simple, but requires prior calibration and provides information only on a limited number of sample points. The second method is more demanding in terms of equipment and measuring procedure, but in principle it is an absolute method, and provides information over a large number of data points.     

激光跟踪虚拟坐标测量系统与自标定方法的实验研究

激光跟踪虚拟坐标测量系统满足了工业领域大型工件和空间形位测量所提出的要求。这些要求包括 :高精度、无导轨测量、动态实时跟踪测量、全姿态测量等。在实验室建立了基于角度 距离法的激光跟踪测量系统和基于纯距离法的多站跟踪测量系统 ,分别在三坐标测量机、光学平台光栅位移系统下进行了实际跟踪测量和精度比对实验。并运用虚拟坐标自标定算法在虚拟坐标系下确定了初始点位置、目标点坐标及各点间距离。最后 ,对两种方法的特点进行了分析比较     

火炮平行性测量系统的设计

火炮瞄准轴和炮膛轴的平行性直接影响火炮弹着点的散布,是需要检测的重要静态参数之一。火炮平行性测量系统基于准直方法而设计,它以右炮管中心轴线为基准,设置与基准轴平行的瞄准光路和两条准直光路,分时对准左炮管、统调镜和瞄准镜,测量它们的轴线与右炮管中心轴的平行度。该系统能够实现35mm双管火炮的近距离单人操作目视测量,也可实现实时自动判读功能。误差分析表明,该系统的测量精度可以达到70″以内,满足设计要求。     

Interferometry for measuring large aspherical surfaces with holographic optical elements

Interferometry for measuring the shape of large aspherical surfaces is reported. The interference fringe pattern between the parallel reference beam and the reconstructed wavefront from the master zone plate which is drawn by an electron-beam drawing machine is recorded on a hologram plate with off-axis optical arrangement. The hologram plate used as the standard element is reconstructed by the conjugate beam in a modified Twyman-Green interferometer. Insufficient parallelism of commercial hologram plates can be compensated by this method. It is also easy to make replicas. Some experimental results are also presented.     

Inspecting verticality of cylindrical workpieces via multi-vision sensors based on structured light

In mechanical manufacturing industry, cylindrical workpiece is one of the most commonly used type of man-made workpieces, and the verticality inspection is a very important task for guaranteeing the quality of the workpieces. In this paper, we proposed a system to inspect the verticality of cylindrical workpieces via multi-vision sensors based on structured light, which has many advantages compared with the traditional methods: fast, on-line, non-contact, flexible and remarkably more accurate. The principles and methods about how to inspect the verticality were given in details, and a real system was set up to carry out the experiments. In the system, a “sensor-unit” which consists of two stripe structured light sensors is used to address the problem of short light stripe. The experiment results indicate a high capability of the proposed system for inspecting large workpieces.     

锗窗片的光学加工技术

加工平行平面锗窗片,采用双面研磨法修改平行度,用吸附方法粘结成盘,固着磨料抛光模粗抛,沥青抛光模精抛,解决了批量生产中等精度(平行度等于1!@)锗窗片的加工工艺。该工艺也适用于其他晶体材料的平面加工。     

光笔式双摄像机三维坐标视觉测量系统

基于双目立体视觉的系统模型,设计了一种新型的光笔,提出了基于该光笔的匹配算法。由于光笔在测量时可以出现任何姿态,必须对两摄像机像面上所成图像中的8个发光点进行匹配,才能代入摄像机模型计算出8个发光点在左摄像机坐标系下的三维坐标,通过建立8个共面发光点所在的平面坐标系与左摄像机坐标系的线性关系求得测头中心的三维坐标。实验结果表明,系统在5 m范围内的空间长度测量精度达到0.159 mm,基本满足大尺寸工件的现场检测需求。     

Research on detection system of optical sights triaxial parallelism

A method for testing triaxial parallelism of optical sights, the triaxial which involve optical sights targeting axis of white & infrared and laser launching axis, is put forward in this paper on the basis of analyzing conventional measuring technique. At first, measuring optical path is improved, and some equipments such as aspherical mirror, high precision CCD camera are employed to eliminate the subjective error; with the analysis of the optical path, the mathematical model of triaxial parallelism is built, and the error factors are analyzed and calculated. Finally the system is calibrated by autocollimation theodolite whose accuracy is 0.5″ and the experimental results show that measurement error is <3″. In a word, the method has great significant engineering value.     

外场多光轴平行性测试的光学系统设计

针对外场条件下因大气环境影响导致多光轴平行性误差的问题,设计了一种可见光、1.06μm激光及812μm的长波红外多光轴平行性测试的光学系统,系统采用卡塞格林系统为共光路并以可见光为基准光轴.卡塞格林系统的主次镜均采用双曲面校正球差及慧差,添加校正透镜减小了轴外像差.设计结果表明,该光学系统成像质量达到了衍射极限,在大气...     

自参考激光剪切干涉法测量透镜焦距的实验研究

本文在改进的激光平板剪切干涉法基础上,提出了测量透镜焦距的一种新的实验方案。此方案根据透镜节点特性,以两组干涉条纹的平行作为判据,测量过程简便且精度较高。