Decomposition of Acetaldehyde Using an Electron Beam

This study investigated the decomposition characteristics of acetaldehyde using an electron beam. The removal efficiency (RE) in air, O₂, N₂ and He atmospheres at 10 kGy were 88, 89, 94 and 35 %, respectively. By varying the initial concentration (C₀), G-values at 240 ppm (C₀) were maintained from 6.4 to 7.0 molecules/100 eV, while the G-values at 34 and 60 ppm (C₀) decreased from 4.5 to 1.1 and from 6.6 to 2.0 molecules/100 eV when the absorbed dose increased from 2.5 to 10 kGy. The RE of acetaldehyde at 96 % relative humidity was approximately 10–15 % higher than that at dry air when the absorbed doses were 5–10 kGy. Increasing the water supply did not provide additional improvement of the RE at 2.5 kGy. CO, CO₂, O₃ and trace VOC compounds such as C₂H₄O₂, C₇H₆O, C₆H₆, C₇H₈ and C₈H₁₀ were detected as by-products.     

Ammonia Decomposition Using Electron Beam

This study was carried out to determine the decomposition characteristics of ammonia using an electron beam (EB). Factors influencing these decomposition characteristics such as background gases (air, N₂, O₂, and He), initial ammonia concentration (50–150 ppm), relative humidity (0 or 90 %), and absorbed dose (1–15 kGy) were investigated. In the results of removal characteristics by different background gases, the decomposition efficiency of ammonia was lower (approximately 45 % at 5 kGy) when He was used as a background gas compared to the efficiencies when other background gases were selected. Ammonia removal efficiencies, when initial concentrations were 50 and 150 ppm, were 95 and 75 %, respectively, at 15 kGy. Ozone generation by EB irradiation increased from 2.5 kGy and reached a maximum of 45 ppm when 5 kGy of the absorbed dose was irradiated. However, ozone generation started to decrease when the absorbed dose exceeded 5 kGy and decreased to 0.27 ppm at 15 kGy.     

Naphthalene and Acenaphthene Decomposition by Electron Beam Generated Plasma Application

The application of non-thermal plasma generated by electron beam (EB) was investigated in laboratory scale to study decomposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like naphthalene and acenaphthene in flue gas. PAH compounds were treated by EB with the dose up to 8 kGy in dry and humid base gas mixtures. Experimentally established G-values gained 1.66 and 3.72 mol/100 eV for NL and AC at the dose of 1 kGy. NL and AC removal was observed in dry base gas mixtures showing that the reaction with OH radical is not exclusive pathway to initialize PAH decomposition, however in the presence of water remarkably higher decomposition efficiency was observed. As by-products of NL decomposition were identified compounds containing one aromatic ring and oxygen atoms besides CO and CO₂. It led to the conclusion that PAH decomposition process in humid flue gas can be regarded as multi-step oxidative de-aromatization analogical to its atmospheric chemistry.     

Influence of Base Gas Mixture on Decomposition of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene in an Electron Beam Generated Plasma Reactor

Decomposition of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) in different gas mixtures [e.g. air, N₂, 1.027%NO/N₂ (N₂ as balance gas)] in an electron beam generated plasma reactor was investigated to gain insight into the base gases influence on 1,4-DCB decomposition. Decomposition efficiency of 1,4-DCB increased with the absorbed dose increasing, the order of 1,4-DCB to be easily decomposed in different gas mixtures was: , the reason for this was discussed.     

Relaxation of Alkali Glass Exposed to an Electron Beam

Binary potassium and rubidium silicate glasses were irradiated with high-energy electrons. The changes induced in the glasses were observed as a decay of alkali X-ray signals with time. The decay curves displayed incubation periods, connected with changes of the transport mechanism. The electron exposures were interrupted relative to the incubation periods, next the glasses were annealed to enable easier relaxations, and successively irradiated again to finish the decay curve. Relaxation, which depends on the point of the decay curve at which exposure is interrupted, is calculated for the glasses. Relaxation was found to depend strongly on the interruption point with regard to the incubation period. The longer irradiation causes worse recovery of the structure during annealing, especially if the irradiation lasts longer than the incubation time. The larger ions and lower concentration also inhibit relaxation.     

Thermal Decomposition of Aluminium Hydride Complexes with Trimethylamine and N-Heterocyclic Carbene

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The decomposition of aluminum hydride complexes with trimethylamine and N-heterocyclic...     

脉冲光电子枪中光电子束性能研究

利用新设计的脉冲光电子枪,研究了光电子束的能量分布,光电子数密度与激光强度的关系和光电子在电离区内的滞留时间。大部分电子的能量为光发射电子的剩余能量,但是由于电子的空间电荷效应,电子能量分布具有加宽现象·每个激光脉冲发射到电离区内的光电子数密度在109/cm3以上。     

Resistivity and Field Electron Emission of Nanowires Formed by Electron Beam Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition

"Self-standing iron nanowires were fabricated at the apex of a tungsten needle tip by electron beam induced deposition. This sharp needle tip which adhered to the nanowire can be moved with a stepping motor and piezo-driving device, and was attached inside a specially designed transmission electron microscope pecimen holder. A copper conductor substrate, with which the approaching nanowires will build up a closed electric circuit, was set on the holder. The tungsten needle tip accompanied with the EBICVD nanowires made contact with the substrate and then a voltage was applied between the two electrodes. Resistivity values of the examined nanowires, by a devised Lock-in-Amplifier circuit, range from 0.1 -m to 10-3 -m. Our investigation might have implications in the fabrication and characterization of nano-electronics device. Precursor with phenanthrene (C4H10) was used and the deposition experiment was done using a scanning electron microscope at room temperature. It was found that the surface structure at the top of the nanorod, such as a small protrusion within only several nanometers scale, has significant influence on the field emission property. An emission current of several tens of nano-ampere flowing through this nanorod could induce resistance heating. In several minutes, this thermal energy could transform the original amorphous carbon into a graphite-like structure embedded with fullerenes. The turn-on voltage of the graphite-like nanorod was about 11 V less than that of the original amorphous case."     

High-Spatial-Resolution Low-Energy Electron Beam X-Ray Microanalysis

 Performing X-ray microanalysis at beam energies lower than those conventionally used (< 10 keV) is known to significantly improve the spatial resolution for compositional analysis. However, the reduction in the beam energy which reduces the X-ray interaction diameter also introduces analytical difficulties and constraints which can diminish the overall analytical performance. This paper critically assesses the capabilities and limitations of performing low beam energy, high spatial resolution X-ray microanalysis. The actual improvement in the spatial resolution and the reduction in the X-ray yield are explored as the beam energy is reduced. The consequences for spectral interpretation, quantitative analysis and imaging due to the lower X-ray yield and the increased occurrence of X-ray line overlaps are discussed in the context of currently available instrumentation.     

大气中三甲胺的离子色谱法测定

研究三甲胺的采样方法及离子色谱测定方法。采用模拟发生装置生成含有三甲胺的混合大气,以50mmol/L HCl水溶液作为吸收液,用大气采样器以0.5 L/min流量采样20 min。采样后的三甲胺盐酸盐水溶液用离子色谱进行测定,采用Ion Pac CS12A阳离子交换柱(250 mm×4 mm i.d.)及相应的CG12A保护柱(50 mm×4 mm i.d.),18 mmol/L甲磺酸水溶液为淋洗液。研究表明,三甲胺盐酸盐在0.40~40.4 mg/L时,峰面积和峰高与样品质量浓度均有很好的线性关系(r2=0.999 1),吸收液中三甲胺的检出限为0.1 mg/L。     

Degradation of Some Pesticides in Aqueous Solutions by Electron Beam and Gamma-Radiation

Decomposition by ionizing radiations of two pesticides (Lannate and Fenvalerate) present in an aqueous solution has been studied on laboratory-scale experiments. The effect of pH of the solution, the concentration of the pesticide and the irradiation dose on the degradation process was investigated. Gamma-irradiation was carried out in air and in combination with nitrogen, oxygen and ozone. Lannate showed more degradation than Fenvalerate in all conditions investigated. Radiation was not enough to achieve the complete decomposition of the pesticides. Adsorption of the pollutants after irradiation was achieved using granular activated carbon (GAC) and two anion exchangers (Dowex 1-X8 and Lewatit AP 246).     

环氧树脂E-44的电子束固化研究

涂层的传统固化方法是热固化,此种固化过程耗时长达数十小时,生产效率很低,电子束固化是以电子加速器产生的电子束(EB),对样品进行辐照,使其固化的过程,与热固化相比,它有许多优越性,如电子束固化涂料体系时,树脂不需要溶剂的稀释,产生挥发性有机物质少,环境污染小;     

Industrial-Scale Electron Beam Purification of Chemically Polluted Wastewaters

First results obtained in the pilot run of an ELV-8 electron accelerator-based technological complex designed for purification of chemically polluted waste effluents from petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants are reported. To provide the effective treatment of the effluents, favorable conditions for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and salt ammonia were found—the initial acidity of pH₀ 7.5 and pH₀ 9.5, respectively. With phenols taken as an example, it was shown that the purification of multicomponent effluents requires a substantially higher power input than in the case of one-component solutions.     

Presowing Treatment of Spring Wheat Seeds by a Pulsed Electron Beam in the Atmosphere

High Energy Chemistry - The purpose of this work is to optimize the conditions of presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds with a low-energy pulsed electron beam. The absorbed dose in wheat has...     

聚乙烯导热复合材料的电子束辐照改性

将低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、氧化铝(Al₂O₃)和纳米二氧化硅(SiO₂)进行熔融共混,再通过电子束辐照对得到的材料进行改性,得到了同时具有高导热性能和力学性能的复合材料(PE-Al-Si)。 当纳米SiO₂的质量分数为1%,电子束辐照剂量为120 kGy时,与不含SiO₂的复合材料(PE-Al)相比,PE-Al-Si的导热系数达到了0.759 W/(m·K),提高了22%。 另外,PE-Al-Si的拉伸强度比PE-Al提高了17%。 证明SiO₂不仅可以改善复合材料的力学性能,同时还提高了辐照效率及复合材料的导热性能。     

Electron transfer, 151. Decomposition of peroxynitrite as catalyzed by copper(II)

The decomposition of peroxynitrite in aqueous solution at pH 9.8–11.1 is catalyzed by copper(II) at the 10^–7–10^–6 M level. In the presence of added ammonia (0.03 M) or imidazole (0.005 M), reaction rates were as much as 160 times as great as those in copper-free systems. Catalysis was strongly inhibited by glycine, 2,2-bipyridyl, and EDTA. The yield of nitrite from the decomposition, [NO¯₂]/[O=NOO¯]_taken = 0.26, did not vary significantly with pH or [Cu^II]. Variation of reaction rates with [H⁺] and [Cu^II] is consistent with partition of the catalyst into an acidic form, (cat)_HA (pK_A 10.2–10.5), a dimer, (cat_HA)₂, and a basic form (cat)_A; only the first of these is active. Both transformations are taken to be initiated by Cu^II-induced homolysis of the O—O bond in peroxynitrite, yielding the reactive intermediate, a species of the type Cu^III(OH). The latter may react further with peroxynitrite (ultimately yielding NO¯₂ and O₂) or with nitrite (yielding NO¯₃). It is further suggested that catalytic activity of the type observed requires a substitution-labile Cu^II(OH₂) function.     

Characterization in the Toughening Process of CTBN Modified Epoxy Resins Induced by Electron Beam Radiation

Epoxy resins are widely utilized as high performance thermosetting resins for many industrial applications but characterized by a relatively low toughness. Electron beam (EB) curing of polymer resins has a number of advantages over conventional thermal curing, such as shorter curing time, low energy consumption, low cure temperature, dimensional stability, reduced manufacturing cost. In the present work liquid carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) copolymers containing 8% acrylonitrile is added at different contents to improve the toughness of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resins using triarylsulfonium hexafluoroanimonate as a photointiator. The EB irradiation was conducted 5 kGy to 250 kGy in nitrogen. The physics properties of CTBN modified epoxy resins were examined by determine gel content, DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis), UTM (Instron model 4443), SEM (scanning electron microscopy).     

电子束固化含氟聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的制备与性能

以六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体、丙烯酸羟乙酯及羟基含氟丙烯酸酯为原料制备了电子束固化含氟聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物. 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)对产物进行了表征. 研究了产物与溶剂组成的两相混合体系的流变性能、电子束固化行为及固化后涂层性能. 结果表明, 产物与溶剂混合体系具有正触变性, 绝对黏度变化符合Sedden公式, 黏流活化能约为44.8 kJ/mol. 电子束固化后涂层性能(如热稳定性、硬度、附着力和光泽度)优良.     

离子色谱法测定饲料中氯化胆碱和三甲胺的含量

建立了离子色谱法测定饲料中氯化胆碱含量及鉴别饲料中氯化胆碱及掺假物三甲胺的方法。选用IonPac CS12阳离子交换色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm i.d.)和8.5 mmol/L H2SO4淋洗液,抑制型电导检测,在16 min内分离测定了包括胆碱和三甲胺在内的8种阳离子。胆碱和三甲胺的最小检出限分别为0.1 mg/L和0.05 mg/L。方法回收率为99.25%~102.5%。该方法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、操作简单等优点。