基于双核模型对准裂变产物质量分布的研究

在双核模型基础上引入一维的Kramers公式，计算了⁴⁸Ca+²⁴⁴Pu，⁴⁸Ca+²³⁸U和⁵⁸Fe+²³²Th这三个反应准裂变碎片的质量分布，得到了与实验比较符合的结果.同时提取出了碎片质量分布随时间的演化关系，为理解熔合与准裂变竞争过程提供了非常有用的信息.由于准裂变在重离子熔合反应中起着重要作用，理论计算与实验结果的比较是对现有熔合模型的重要检验. 关键词： 超重元素 熔合反应 准裂变产物 质量产额     

熔合反应中入射道质量不对成度效应

The symmetric and asymmetric fusion reaction systems forming the same compound nuclei ^26Al, ^30Si, ^38Ar and ^170Hf are investigated with the frame of improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. The entrance channel mass asymmetry dependence of compound nucleus formation is found by analyzing the shell correction energies, the Coulomb barriers and the fusion cross sections. The calculated fusion cross sections agree quantitatively with the experimental data. The results indicate that compound nucleus formation is favorable for the systems with larger mass asymmetry because of the smaller Coulomb contribution to the fusion barrier.     

Effects of the entrance channel mass asymmetry in fusion reactions

The symmetric and asymmetric fusion reaction systems forming the same compound nuclei 26Al,30Si,38Ar and 170Hf are investigated with the frame of improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model.The entrance channel mass asymmetry dependence of compound nucleus formation is found by analyzing the shell correction energies,the Coulomb barriers and the fusion cross sections.The calculated fusion cross sections agree quantitatively with the experimental data.The results indicate that compound nucleus formation is favorable for the systems with larger mass asymmetry because of the smaller Coulomb contribution to the fusion barrier.     

The mass distribution of 238U photofission fragments

The mass distribution of the ²³⁸U photofission fragments formed under γ-quanta action is analyzed in the range of excitation energies of a fissile nucleus from 5 to 20 MeV. The influence on the ratio of asymmetric and symmetric photofission of the ²³⁸U structure and excitation energy of a fissile nucleus is discussed. A combined analysis and the comparison of the behavior of the asymmetric and symmetric modes of photofission were conducted for the first time. The results we obtained are compared with the prediction of the multimode model of the dependence of fission modes on the nuclear excitation energy.     

Post-neutron mass distribution for 238Pu(nth,f)

The yields of 51 fission products in 36 mass chains produced in ²³⁸Pu(n_th, f) have been determined via γ-ray spectroscopy. The mean number of neutrons per fission was found to be 〈ν_T〉 = 2.5 ± 0.2. A mean proton odd-even effect δ_p = (14 ± 3)% was also deduced for 9 mass chains. These results are discussed in terms of the existing data on other fissioning nuclei.     

Fusion reactions around the barrier for Be+~(238)U

Fusion-evaporation cross sections of ~(238)U (~9Be,5n)~(242)Cm are measured over a wide energy range around the Coulomb barrier.These measured cross sections are compared with model calculations using two codes,namely HIVAP2 and KEWPIE2.HIVAP2 calculations overestimate the measured fusion-evaporation cross sections by a factor of approximately 3.In KEWPIE2 calculations,two approaches,namely the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin(WKB) approximation and the empirical barrier-distribution (EBD) method,are used for the capture probability;both of them properly describe the measured cross sections.Additionally,fusion cross sections of ~(7,9)Be+~(238)U measured in two experiments are applied to constrain model calculations further through three codes,i.e.,HIVAP2,KEWPIE2,and CCFULL.Parameters in these codes are also examined by comparison with measured fusion cross sections.All the comparisons indicate that the KEWPIE2 calculations using the WKB approximation agree well with the measured cross sections of both fusion reactions ~(7,9)Be+~(238)U and the fusion-evaporation reaction ~(238)U (~9Be,5n)~(242)Cm.Calculations using the fusion code CCFULL are also in good agreement with the measured fusion cross sections of ~(7,9)Be+~(238)U.     

有重弹性体形变与质量分布规律的简明推导

依据胡克定律与串联弹性体的劲度系数计算公式,直观简便地导出了弹性体在重力场中的形变规律、质量分布规律及其质心位置.     

N体随机凝聚过程中集团分布的长时渐近行为

研究两种不同类型集团的N体不可逆的随机凝聚过程,这两种不同类型的集团分别是活性团和非活性团.用生成函数的方法直接求出凝聚速率为常数时,活性团和非活性团的密度分布,结果表明它们的长时渐近行为,具有普适性,同时给出它们的类标度形式及相应的标度指数. 关键词： 随机凝聚过程 凝聚速率 密度分布 生成函数     

Description of quasifission reactions in the dinuclear system model

The formation and evolution of dinuclear systems in quasifission reactions are investigated. The process of formation of reaction products is analyzed based on the concept of a dinuclear system. Isotopic trends of cross sections of production of superheavy nuclei in quasifission reactions are discussed. The yields of new neutron-rich isotopes of nuclei with Z = 64–80 in quasifission reactions are predicted. The mechanism of production of complex fragments in complete fusion and quasifission reactions is analyzed.     

电爆金属丝质量密度分布的演变过程

基于X-pinch软X射线辐射点源对直径10 m钨丝单丝以及8 m钨丝双丝电爆发展过程进行了背光成像研究,实验平台为清华大学电机系研制的脉冲功率装置PPG-1（500 kV/400 kA/100 ns）。成像光路安排为：作为X射线源的X-pinch和作为目标物的钨丝分别安装在装置的输出主电极阴阳极之间和回流导电杆处,成像胶片采用高分辨率、高灵敏度的X光胶片。利用自行设计的电流传感器和罗氏线圈对目标物实际流过的电流进行监测,从而计算得8 m钨丝丝爆过程中电导随时间变化的曲线。为了观测电爆金属丝质量密度分布的演变过程,设计了m级厚度的阶梯光楔。通过大量成像实验,获取了丝芯膨胀、晕层等离子体形成及其向外扩张等过程的相关物理图像以及基于原始胶片绘制的质量密度分布图。     

电爆金属丝质量密度分布的演变过程

基于X-pinch软X射线辐射点源对直径10μm钨丝单丝以及8μm钨丝双丝电爆发展过程进行了背光成像研究,实验平台为清华大学电机系研制的脉冲功率装置PPG-1(500kV/400kA/100ns)。成像光路安排为:作为X射线源的X-pinch和作为目标物的钨丝分别安装在装置的输出主电极阴阳极之间和回流导电杆处,成像胶片采用高分辨率、高灵敏度的X光胶片。利用自行设计的电流传感器和罗氏线圈对目标物实际流过的电流进行监测,从而计算得8μm钨丝丝爆过程中电导随时间变化的曲线。为了观测电爆金属丝质量密度分布的演变过程,设计了μm级厚度的阶梯光楔。通过大量成像实验,获取了丝芯膨胀、晕层等离子体形成及其向外扩张等过程的相关物理图像以及基于原始胶片绘制的质量密度分布图。     

质子与裂变核238U反应的理论计算

利用球型光学模型、耦合道理论、核内级联、激子模型、蒸发模型、带宽度涨落修正的Hauser-Feshbach模型,Bohr-Wheeler裂变理论,对入射能量从阈能到200 MeV的p+²³⁸U各种反应进行了计算,计算结果和实验符合较好.     

Tree-based models for random distribution of mass

A mathematical model for distribution of mass ind-dimensional space, based upon randomly embedding random trees into space, is introduced and studied. The model is a variant of thesuper Brownian motion process studied by mathematicians. We present calculations relating to (i) the distribution of position of a typical mass element, (ii) moments of the center of mass, (iii) large-deviation behavior, and (iv) a recursive self-similarity property.     

双核系统核子转移驱动势与复合核的最佳激发能

计算了以208Pb为靶的一系列重离子熔合反应双核系统核子转移驱动势.它制约由输运方程所支配的核子转移速率,因而确定了双核系统形成复合核的几率.并由此可确定形成复合核所必须的最低激发能,即形成最稳定复合核的最佳激发能,得到了与已知实验值基本符合的结果. Particle transfer driven potentials in Di nuclear System (DNS) in heavy ion collisions based on 208Pb target are calculated. The driven potential controls the particle transfer velocity in the process governed by the diffusion equation, and as a consequence determines the compound nuclear formation probability of DNS. The minimum excitation energy to form a compound nucleus, which is the optimum excitation energy to form the most stable compound nucleus, has been calculated, and the results are basica...     

Systematics on fission fragment mass distribution of neutron induced 235U fission

Based on the neutron induced fission fragment mass distribution data up to     

Theoretical and analytical radial distribution function for dense fluids

The ‘identical particles in quasi-mean potential energy field’ assumption was used to derive the approximate theoretical and analytical radial distribution function (RDF) for dense fluids through solving the two-body Schrödinger equation and using the first-order perturbation method. The theoretical and analytical expressions of RDF can save much computation time in calculating the thermodynamics properties of fluids and may make the statistical mechanics theories comparable with the equation of state method that is currently widely used in physics, chemistry and technology. The calculated properties for argon by this RDF fit well with the experimental data of reference over a very wide range of conditions, including dense fluids (liquid phase and dense gas), critical point, and dilute gas, in which the pair potential and the Axilrod-Teller three body interaction were considered. The extensive practical application of this model for science and technology needs further investigation.     

Competition of fusion and quasifission in reactions leading to production of superheavy elements

The mechanism of fusion hindrance, an effect observed in the reactions of cold, warm, and hot fusion leading to production of superheavy elements, is investigated. A systematics of transfermium production cross sections is used to determine fusion probabilities. The mechanism of fusion hindrance is described as a competition of fusion and quasifission. Available evaporation residue cross sections in the superheavy region are reproduced satisfactorily. Analysis of the measured capture cross sections is performed and a sudden disappearance of the capture cross sections is observed at low fusion probabilities. A dependence of the fusion hindrance on the asymmetry of the projectile-target system is investigated using the available data. The most promising pathways for further experiments are suggested.     

脉冲等离子体飞行时间质谱诊断技术

根据脉冲等离子体关键特征参数的特点及相关应用需求,基于垂直引入式有网反射二阶空间聚焦技术,研发了脉冲等离子体飞行时间质谱诊断系统,其质量分辨率约为1690 (FWHM),离子能量诊断范围为3~150 eV,时间分辨率约为0.45 s。通过对典型脉冲等离子体开展飞行时间质谱分析和研究,获得了离子质谱、离子能量分布函数等重要特征参数。等离子体以不同价态的Ti离子为主,Ti+最可几能量约为23 eV,Ti2+最可几能量约为48 eV。     

时间、能量分辨的光电离质谱技术研究气相自由基反应

闪光光解流动管反应器与同步辐射光电离质谱技术两者相结合组成实验平台用于探测气相自由基反应动力学。外触发的脉冲激光光解流动管反应器内的先驱物来产生待反应的自由基;自由基与反应气体发生反应后,由流动管侧壁小孔取样、取样后的混合气体被同步辐射光电离;飞行时间质谱探测光电离产生的离子。同时脉冲信号触发脉冲发生器使其产生一连串的脉冲,间隔40~50μs,此脉冲外触发质谱的采集,连续采集覆盖单次光解反应过程。质谱的时间分辨率为40μs,满足微秒时间内探测反应动力学过程。通过同步辐射光电离反射飞行质谱能直接探测自由基反应产物,并利用光电离效率曲线获得其电离能并区分不同的异构体。实验利用光解产生Cl自由基并与1-丁烯和异丁烯反应,测得反应的加成和消除产物,并获得其加成产物的电离能。