微通道冷却器内流动和传热特性的数值模拟

为满足固体激光器用微通道冷却器的换热要求, 根据冷却器结构分别建立了二维和三维物理模型, 利用计算流体力学方法首先对比研究两者的流动特性, 然后考察雷诺数和玻片生热量对微通道流动和传热特性的影响。结果表明：对于类似大平板间的矩形微通道层流流动区域, 其流动及传热特性可直接采用二维简化模型进行模拟分析;对于重点关注的转捩区, 采用三维模型模拟分析更好;当雷诺数增大到转捩点, 流体的传热效果得到明显增强;随着雷诺数的增大, 玻片生热量对通道内最低压力需求的影响逐渐减小;不同玻片生热量对微通道流动影响不可忽略, 对努赛尔数和通道总压降基本无影响。     

燃气透平叶栅端壁传热特性的数值研究

采用三维数值求解方法,对透平叶栅端壁区域的流动和传热特性进行了研究.利用试验数据考核了相应的数值方法,分析了网格数目和湍流模型对叶栅端壁附近流动传热特性计算的影响,比较了不同进口雷诺数和湍流度条件下端壁传热特性的变化。结果表明;马蹄涡和通道涡等二次流动直接影响端壁区传热,传热强度分布规律基本与当地流动的湍动能保持一致。湍流模型对端壁压力场的计算影响较小,但对端壁传热特性的求解的精度影响较大。采用v~3—f湍流模型能较好地预测端壁传热分布。来流雷诺数和湍流度的变化改变了端壁边界层厚度和涡系结构,使得端壁传热强度和梯度分布发生变化。     

粗糙平板微通道流动和传热的数值模拟

以粗糙平行平板微通道为研究对象,以三角形锯齿状粗糙元模拟固体表面的粗糙度,采用CFD流体固体共轭传热技术数值研究了绝对粗糙度和相对粗糙度对平行平板微通道流动和传热特性的影响,着重分析了粗糙度和流体速度对水力入口段长度和热力入口段长度的影响规律,同时研究了相对粗糙度对微通道转捩雷诺数的影响,为进一步揭示微微通道的流动和传热机理提供了依据.     

电动汽车空调室外换热器空气侧流动换热模拟研究

采用数值模拟方法对室外微通道换热器翅片侧空气流动换热性能进行仿真计算, 探讨了在制冷工况下,不同百叶窗结构对微通道换热器空气侧传热及流动特性的影响. 结果表明j 因子的模拟结果与实验关联式之间的平均偏差在7.8% 以内,f 因子的平均误差在7.35 % 以内, 符合工程应用要求. 雷诺数较低时, 传热因子j 和阻力因子f 都随Fp 的增大而减小, 雷诺数较高时,Fp 对两者的影响不明显; 随着开窗角度增加换热器换热系数会呈现先增加后减小的趋势, 同时压降会随开窗角度的增大而有所升高.     

基于纳米磁流体微通道内流动换热性能研究

为探究磁场强度和肋片高度对微通道内Fe₃O₄-H₂O纳米磁流体流动换热性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,以开放式间断微通道热沉为研究对象,在雷诺数为200到500之间展开数值模拟研究,模拟微通道内流体工质流动换热过程。结果表明：进出口压降随雷诺数的增大而增大,且随着磁场强度的增大,压降的增大趋势愈显著;微通道的换热性能随着磁场强度的增大,呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;通过增加肋片高度,可以有效的提高热沉的传热性能。研究发现,开放型微通道综合换热性能优于封闭型,在所研究的参数范围内,微通道肋片高度达到0.9 mm时,综合换热性能和均温性最佳。     

微通道换热器流动和传热特性的研究

通过对微通道换热器流动和传热特性的研究,设计了实验方案并建立了相应的实验装置,结合流动、传热特性的相关准则,得出了雷诺数Re-摩擦系数f,雷诺数Re、普郎特数Pr-努谢尔特数Nu间关系的实验模型,并对该模型进行了分析。     

表面粗糙度的分形特征及其对微通道内层流流动的影响

基于分形几何学,研究了表面粗糙度的分形特征.采用Weierstrass- Mandelbrot函数对多尺度自仿射的表面粗糙度进行了描述;建立了微通道内层流流动的三维模型并对表面粗糙度的影响进行了数值模拟,分析了雷诺数、相对粗糙度和分形维数对流动阻力特性的影响.研究结果表明,与常规尺度通道不同,粗糙微通道的Poiseuille数不再是常数,而是随雷诺数近似线性增加;相对粗糙度越大,流动产生的回流和分离所导致的流动压降越明显.在相同的相对粗糙度下,粗糙表面的分形维数越大,表面轮廓变化就越频繁,这也将导致流动阻 关键词： 粗糙度 层流阻力系数 微通道 分形     

固体激光微通道冷却器内流动特性的数值模拟

建立了固体激光微通道冷却器数学模型,运用商业软件Fluent进行求解计算,并与文献中数据进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性。分析微通道尺寸及结构对转捩雷诺数影响,结果表明:微通道当量直径对于转捩雷诺数影响甚微,收缩比的大小是引起转捩雷诺数不同的关键因素,最终确定了不同收缩比下的转捩雷诺数。     

固体激光微通道冷却器内流动特性的数值模拟

建立了固体激光微通道冷却器数学模型,运用商业软件Fluent进行求解计算,并与文献中数据进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性。分析微通道尺寸及结构对转捩雷诺数影响,结果表明：微通道当量直径对于转捩雷诺数影响甚微,收缩比的大小是引起转捩雷诺数不同的关键因素,最终确定了不同收缩比下的转捩雷诺数。     

流体变物性对细矩形通道流动和传热的影响

以细矩形通道为研究对象,基于CFD的二次开发技术,采用流体固体共轭传热技术数值研究了流体变物性和入口平均物性对细矩形通道平均流动和平均传热特性的影响,同时研究了流体变物性对细通道转捩雷诺数的影响,为进一步揭示微细通道的流动和传热机理提供了依据.     

The numerical investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop of turbulent flow in a triangular microchannel

In this presentation, the flow and heat transfer inside a microchannel with a triangular section, have been numerically simulated. In this three-dimensional simulation, the flow has been considered turbulent. In order to increase the heat transfer of the channel walls, the semi-truncated and semi-attached ribs have been placed inside the channel and the effect of forms and numbers of ribs has been studied. In this research, the base fluid is Water and the effect of volume fraction of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on the amount of heat transfer and physics of flow have been investigated. The presented results are including of the distribution of Nusselt number in the channel, friction coefficient and Performance Evaluation Criterion of each different arrangement. The results indicate that, the ribs affect the physics of flow and their influence is absolutely related to Reynolds number of flow. Also, the investigation of the used semi-truncated and semi-attached ribs in Reynolds number indicates that, although heat transfer increases, but more pressure drop arises. Therefore, in this method, in order to improve the heat transfer from the walls of microchannel on the constant heat flux, using the pump is demanded.     

Thermo-Hydraulic Behavior of Microchannel Heat Exchanger System

This article presents an experimental study of thermo-hydrodynamic phenomena in a microchannel heat exchanger system. The aim of this investigation is to develop correlations between flow/thermal characteristics in the manifolds and the heat transfer performance of the microchannel. A rectangular microchannel fabricated by a laser-machining technique with channel width and hydraulic diameter of 87 μm and 0.17 mm, respectively, and a trapezoidal-shaped manifold are used in this study. The heat sink is subjected to iso-flux heating condition with liquid convective cooling through the channels. The temporal and spatial evolutions of temperature as well as total pressure drop across the system are monitored using appropriate sensors. Data obtained from this study were used to establish relationships between parameters such as longitudinal wall conduction factor, residence and switching time, and thermal spreading resistance with Reynolds number. Result shows that there exist an optimum Reynolds number and conditions for the microchannel heat exchanger system to result in maximum heat transfer performance. The condition in which the inlet manifold temperature surpasses the exit fluid temperature results in lower junction temperature. It further shows that for a high Reynolds number, the longitudinal wall conduction parameter is greater than unity and that the fluid has sufficient dwelling time to absorb heat from the wall of the manifold, leading to high thermal performance.     

Influence of T-semi attached rib on turbulent flow and heat transfer parameters of a silver-water nanofluid with different volume fractions in a three-dimensional trapezoidal microchannel

This study aimed at exploring influence of T-semi attached rib on the turbulent flow and heat transfer parameters of a silver-water nanofluid with different volume fractions in a three-dimensional trapezoidal microchannel. For this purpose, convection heat transfer of the silver-water nanofluid in a ribbed microchannel was numerically studied under a constant heat flux on upper and lower walls as well as isolated side walls. Calculations were done for a range of Reynolds numbers between 10,000 and 16,000, and in four different sorts of serrations with proportion of rib width to hole of serration width (R/W). The results of this research are presented as the coefficient of friction, Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency, four different R/W microchannels. The results of numerical modeling showed that the fluid's convection heat transfer coefficient is increased as the Reynolds number and volume fraction of solid nanoparticle are increased. For R/W=0.5, it was also maximum for all the volume fractions of nanoparticle and different Reynolds numbers in comparison to other similar R/W situations. That's while friction coefficient, pressure drop and pumping power is maximum for serration with R/W=0 compared to other serration ratios which lead to decreased fluid-heat transfer performance.     

Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement of counter nanofluids flow in rectangular microchannel heat exchanger

This paper reports a numerical analysis of the performance of a counter-flow rectangular shaped microchannel heat exchanger (MCHE) using nanofluids as the working fluids. Finite volume method was used to solve the three-dimensional steady, laminar developing flow and conjugate heat transfer in aluminum MCHE. The nanofluids used were Ag, Al₂O₃, CuO, SiO₂, and TiO₂ and the performance was compared with water. The thermal, flow fields and performance of the MCHE were analyzed using different nanofluids, different Reynolds numbers and different nanoparticle concentrations. Temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient, pressure profile, and wall shear stress were obtained from the simulations and the performance was discussed in terms of heat transfer rate, pumping power, effectiveness, and performance index. Results indicated enhanced performance with the usage of nanofluids, and slight penalty in pressure drop. The increase in Reynolds number caused an increase in the heat transfer rate and a decrease in the overall bulk temperature of the cold fluid. The increase in nanoparticle concentration also yielded better performance at the expense of increased pressure drop.     

具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热数值模拟

本文以锅炉干排渣装置为背景,对抽象的理论模型具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热进行了数值模拟.数值计算表明,在Re＞1000时应采用非稳态数学模型进行数值模拟;在Re＞500时,自然对流机制对流动和换热的影响基本可以忽略.数值计算给出了不同Re时的进出口无量纲压差、局部的Nux和平均Nu以及流线图.这些结果可为深入研究干排渣装置中流动和换热特性提供参考.     

内嵌微流道低温共烧陶瓷基板传热性能（英）

随着系统级封装（SIP）所容纳的电子元器件和集成密度迅速增加,传统的散热方法（热通孔、风冷散热等）越来越难以满足系统级封装的热管理需求。低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）作为常见的封装基板材料之一,设计并研制了三种内嵌于LTCC基板的微流道,其中包括直排型、蛇型和螺旋型微流道（高度为0.3 mm,宽度分别为0.4, 0.5和0.8 mm）。通过数值仿真和红外热像仪测试相结合的方式分析了微流道网络结构、流体质量流量、雷诺数、材料热导率对内嵌微流道LTCC基板换热性能的影响,实验结果表明：当去离子水的流量为10 mL/min,热源等效功率为2 W/cm2时,直排型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在3.1 kPa输入泵压差下能降低75.4 ℃,蛇型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在85.8 kPa输入泵压差下能降低80.2 ℃,螺旋型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在103.1 kPa输入泵压差下能降低86.7 ℃。在三种微流道中,直排型微流道具有最小的雷诺数,在相同的输入泵压差下有最好的散热性能。窄的直排型微流道（0.4 mm）在相同的流道排布密度和流体流量时比宽的微流道（0.8 mm）能多降低基板温度10 ℃。此外,提高封装材料的热导率有助于提高微流道的换热性能。     

内嵌微流道低温共烧陶瓷基板传热性能（英）

随着系统级封装（SIP）所容纳的电子元器件和集成密度迅速增加,传统的散热方法（热通孔、风冷散热等）越来越难以满足系统级封装的热管理需求。低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）作为常见的封装基板材料之一,设计并研制了三种内嵌于LTCC基板的微流道,其中包括直排型、蛇型和螺旋型微流道（高度为0.3 mm,宽度分别为0.4, 0.5和0.8 mm）。通过数值仿真和红外热像仪测试相结合的方式分析了微流道网络结构、流体质量流量、雷诺数、材料热导率对内嵌微流道LTCC基板换热性能的影响,实验结果表明:当去离子水的流量为10 mL/min,热源等效功率为2 W/cm2时,直排型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在3.1 kPa输入泵压差下能降低75.4 ℃,蛇型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在85.8 kPa输入泵压差下能降低80.2 ℃,螺旋型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在103.1 kPa输入泵压差下能降低86.7 ℃。在三种微流道中,直排型微流道具有最小的雷诺数,在相同的输入泵压差下有最好的散热性能。窄的直排型微流道（0.4 mm）在相同的流道排布密度和流体流量时比宽的微流道（0.8 mm）能多降低基板温度10 ℃。此外,提高封装材料的热导率有助于提高微流道的换热性能。     

基于拉格朗日跟踪法的波纹流道流体特性研究

采用正交实验方法考察了具有不同结构参数的三维周期波纹流道中的流体性能,并采用Webb评价方法对其进行性能评价。比较了不同波纹宽度的波纹流道的阻力因子e_f、传热因子e_Nu和能效因子η的值,结果表明三者都随Re的增大而增大,波纹宽度最小时能效因子η最大。流体在波纹流道中垂直于主流方向的横截面上产生二次流,随着Re增大,二次流增强,阻力增大,温度边界层减薄,温度等值线分布变得不均匀,传热增强。采用拉格朗日粒子跟踪技术分析了不同Re下,流体粒子在波纹流道内的运动轨迹,绘制了不同周期出口流体粒子的庞加莱截面图,结果表明流体粒子在波纹流道中被反复拉伸和折叠,增加了流体粒子的接触面积,提高混合效率,强化了传热。