基于OpenCV的图像椭圆特征识别与定位研究

面向平板零件上螺纹孔的识别定位需求,基于开源计算机视觉库OpenCV进行椭圆特征的识别与定位研究。采用Canny边缘检测算法提取图像边缘信息,对边缘图像通过轮廓检索得到单一的连续轮廓,并对得到的每一条连续轮廓进行椭圆拟合。研究给出一种评价轮廓与所拟合椭圆误差的计算方法,以此误差为准则实现非椭圆特征的剔除。进一步针对螺纹孔形成的相套椭圆特征,采用聚类筛选的方法得到螺纹孔对应的内环椭圆特征,从而实现了板上螺纹孔的识别与定位。     

利用TEM对Si基片与MgO基片上生长的薄膜特性的研究

对生长在Si和MgO单晶基片上的不同厚度的单层NbN薄膜、双层薄膜AlN/NbN以及三层薄膜NbN/AlN/NbN应用透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM)技术进行了分析研究,对这几种薄膜样品的微观结构、薄膜厚度以及各个边界的一些直观细节给出了较为清晰的图像。由透射电子显微镜的电子衍射图案计算了薄膜和单晶衬底的晶格常数,并与我们以前采用X射线衍射技术分析的结果进行了比较,结果有很好的吻合。     

基于可见-近红外光谱分析的圆白菜与杂草识别研究

杂草的自动识别是实现作物草害精准施药的基础。利用ASD光谱仪采集两个品种的圆白菜及稗草、狗尾草、马唐、牛筋草和小藜等五种杂草在350～2 500nm波段内的冠层光谱反射率。根据光谱曲线特征,在不同波段内对数据进行不同程度的压缩,以提高运算效率;利用不同参数设置的Savitzky-Golay(SG)卷积平滑求导和多元散射校正方法(MSC)的不同顺序组合对光谱去噪,然后结合主成分分析法(PCA)提取主成分,建立模型,最后利用簇类的独立软模式(SIMCA)分类法对各种植物进行分类,并比较分类结果。试验结果显示利用MSC与3阶5次21点SG相结合的方法对光谱数据预处理后,运用PCA提取前10个主成分作为分类模型的输入变量,取得了100%的分类正确率,能够快速无损地识别圆白菜与几种常见杂草。     

Characterization of oxide impurities on Pt and their effect on the adsorption of CO and H2

The interactions between oxide support materials and Pt have been studied by incorporating silica, alumina, titania, and niobia into the surface of a clean Pt foil. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO and H₂ were used for surface characterization. For all of these oxides, TPD indicated no change in the adsorption properties of CO and H₂. Peak temperatures were unaffected by the presence of oxide impurities. For silica and alumina, AES results indicated that suboxides could be formed after oxidation at 400 and 800 K respectively. Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ were formed at higher temperatures. Relatively large quantities of these oxides were required to substantially decrease the saturation coverages of CO and H₂, indicating that these oxides probably form clusters on the metal surface. For titania and niobia, AES indicated that these oxides dissolved into the Pt above 1300 K, but segregated back to the surface below 500 K. These segregated layers cover the Pt evenly and both oxides completely suppress H₂ and CO adsorption at an oxygen coverage of 1 × 10¹⁵/cm². These results are used to discuss the possible reasons for differences in the catalytic properties of Pt on these four oxide supports.     

Studies on morphology and molecular arrangement of pentacene on different substrates

Pentacene (C₂₂H₁₄) thin films with different thicknesses were fabricated to study the dynamic growth process and morphology of pentacene on different substrates. A discontinuous monomolecular layer was observed when a pentacene thin film is about 0.5 nm thick on native oxide silicon wafer. The terraced islands and dendritic structure gradually formed with increasing pentacene thin film thickness. The height of each layer is about 1.4 nm which corresponds well with the length of the long axis of the pentacene molecule at 1.45 nm. Experimental results show that the pentacene molecule is perpendicular to the silicon wafer surface with a slight tilted angle. However, the pentacene molecular orientation on a polymer pre-covered indium tin oxide coated substrate could not give any indication on the scale of nanometers. The surface roughness of substrates strongly influences pentacene molecular diffusion and the morphology of pentacene thin films.     

Work function of adsorption systems potassium on tantalum and on molybdenum

Work functions φ_hkl of thermally annealed and potassium covered tantalum and molybdenum as a function of potassium surface density on (011), (112), (100) and (111) planes of these metals have been measured using a field emission microscope. The measurements have been performed at liquid nitrogen temperature (immobile layers). The work function decreases linearly at first, then more slowly, passes through a minimum, and then attains a constant value. Quantitative data on the dependence of φ_hklon surface density of potassium, N_hkl, for tantalum, molybdenum and tungsten have been compared. The principal results of the observations are: (i) for K on Ta, Mo, and W the work function minimum exhibits no distinct dependence on the type of substrate, however, it proves to depend on crystallographic direction of the latter; (ii) the values of the high coverage limit work function are approximately equal for one type of metal planes; (iii) the values of the high coverage limit surface densities of potassium adsorbed on Ta(011), Mo(011) and W(011) surfaces are approximately equal to the surface density of the (011) plane of bulk potassium crystal.     

Temperature and pressure effect on the properties and structure of high-Tc superconductor on Y-based ceramics

Abstract

The influence of main flatting process parameters: pressure (P) and temperature (T), when obtaining conductors, on phase composition and critical properties of YBCO system ceramics placed into an Al-bronze air-tight shell has been studied     

润滑油对压缩机与空调器适配性的影响分析

阐述了润滑油对转子式压缩机可靠性的影响,对压缩机结构设计影响其带油率的因素进行了研究和分析,对降低压缩机的带油率提出了解决措施。对空调器制冷循环中润滑油的物态变化过程作了研究和分析,为提高回油量,对空调系统设计提出了相应的解决措施。     

HL-2M装置测量控制系统运行管理研究

以现有聚变实验工程管理运维经验为基础,根据HL-2M装置测量控制的新需求,参考ITER控制、数据采集及通讯规范,开展了HL-2M测量与控制系统运行和管理研究。通过对全域子系统进行统一配置及管理,架构高性能网络完成不同通讯任务,设计扩容高速物理数据存储系统,实施运行状态监测与报警等,规划建设了HL-2M集成化测控系统管理运行平台。这项研究立足于优化实验信号质量,实现实时信号高效传输,提高实验工程管理自动化水平,保障实验过程中设备与数据安全并具备较高可实施性。     

B、N掺杂对钠在石墨烯上吸附性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯及缺陷石墨烯对Na原子的吸附行为。主要研究了三种石墨烯：本征石墨烯、B掺杂的石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯。结果表明,与本征石墨烯相比,B掺杂的石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯在吸附能、电荷密度、态密度和储钠量方面表现出很大的差异。B掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能是-1.93 eV,约为本征石墨烯对Na原子吸附能的2.7倍;与本征石墨烯相比,N掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能明显增大。态密度计算结果表明,Na原子与B掺杂的石墨烯中的B原子发生轨道杂化,而本征石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯中不存在轨道杂化现象。B掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附量是3个,与本征石墨烯相比显著提高。因此,B掺杂的石墨烯有望成为一种新型的储钠材料。     

B、N掺杂对钠在石墨烯上吸附性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯及缺陷石墨烯对Na原子的吸附行为.主要研究了三种石墨烯:本征石墨烯、B掺杂的石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯.结果表明,与本征石墨烯相比,B掺杂的石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯在吸附能、电荷密度、态密度和储钠量方面表现出很大的差异.B掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能是-1.93 e V,约为本征石墨烯对Na原子吸附能的2.7倍;与本征石墨烯相比,N掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能明显增大.态密度计算结果表明,Na原子与B掺杂的石墨烯中的B原子发生轨道杂化,而本征石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯中不存在轨道杂化现象.B掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附量是3个,与本征石墨烯相比显著提高.因此,B掺杂的石墨烯有望成为一种新型的储钠材料.     

Effect and importance of static-load on airflow resistivity determination and its consequences on dynamic stiffness

Airflow resistivity is a physical parameter which characterizes porous and fibrous sound absorbent materials. It is well-known that such property allows the evaluation of the acoustic behaviour of sound absorbent materials in various fields of application, including automotive noise mitigation, architectural acoustics and building acoustics. In structure-borne sound insulation, airflow resistivity is essential for the evaluation of the dynamic stiffness of porous and fibrous resilient insulating materials used as underlay in floating floors.However, an inconsistency between the dynamic stiffness and the airflow resistivity test conditions can be recognized. In order to evaluate dynamic stiffness of a resilient material, a static load of about 2 kPa is applied, while in airflow resistivity determination this condition is not explicitly required. As a result, the density of analyzed material, in dynamic stiffness and airflow measurements, is different. Since these two quantities are correlated, it is necessary to measure materials under the same conditions of applied static load.In this work the effects of static load (or density after compression) in airflow resistivity determination of various porous and fibrous resilient materials are investigated, and the consequent influence on dynamic stiffness is discussed. A simply empirical relation between density and airflow resistivity is also put forth.The main focus of this paper is to propose an harmonization among requirements of the Standards in order to prevent significant errors in dynamic stiffness determination and incorrect evaluations of the acoustic behaviour.     

基于光谱和图像特征的阔叶木材与针叶木材同时分类算法研究

木材是人们生活中必不可少的可再生资源,同时在建筑、工艺、家具、结构材料等方面有着举足轻重的地位。市场中常见的木材品种繁多,其品质和价格千差万别,使用智能化技术对木材进行正确的分类不仅可以防止不法商贩“以次充好”,也可以大幅度降低木材分类人员的工作难度。通过木材的遗传信息和解剖学信息可以得到较为准确的木材分类结果,这类方法识别工艺相对复杂,对非专业人员并不友好。借助木材切面的图像信息或光谱信息可以简单方便地对木材进行分类,然而由于不同种木材之间存在的近似性,这类方法往往分类精度不高或只适用于某些阔叶木材。提出了一种基于木材横切面图像信息和光谱信息的多特征木材分类算法,首先分别采集木材横切面的光谱信息以及图像信息;再使用Segnet图像分割方法将待分类样本分成含管孔木材和不含管孔木材两组,并对含管孔样本组中的木材进行管孔分割;然后对含管孔样本组中的木材提取管孔特征、光谱特征以及纹理特征,对无管孔样本组木材提取光谱特征和纹理特征;最后根据这些特征使用支持向量机分别对木材进行分类并记录其木材的分类结果,对分类结果不一致的样本使用相似性判据判断最佳分类结果。为了验证该方法的有效性,以20种常见的阔叶木材和针叶木材的混合样本集为研究对象,对其进行了分类。实验结果显示三种特征均可以对木材进行分类,单独使用光谱特征、纹理特征以及管孔特征对木材进行分类的最高正确率分别为93.00%,89.33% 和69.23%,通过相似测度的判断后三个特征可以相互补充从而进一步提高木材的分类正确率,最高正确率可达98.00%。综上所述,该方法可以对包含阔叶木材和针叶木材的混合样本集中的木材进行分类,木材横切面的光谱特征、纹理特征以及管孔特征可以相互补充,从而使分类正确率进一步的提高。与目前的主流木材分类方法进行对比,发现该算法的分类正确率高于其他算法。     

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the chemisorption of water on uranium and thorium and oxygen on uranium

The initial stages of water and oxygen adsorption on clean uranium and thorium and oxygen adsorption on uranium has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These measurements are made in the vicinity of 120 K; in some cases the effect of temperature was followed up to 500 K. Three oxygen (1s) photoelectron peaks are observed for water adsorbed on uranium and thorium. All three peaks have binding energies different from the adsorption of oxygen. The uranium and thorium ($\text{4}\text{f}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>7</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$) lines also have different binding energies for water adsorption than for oxygen adsorption. Oxygen and an OH complex combine with uranium and thorium in a complex way, precluding the initial formation of simple oxides and confirming the importance of OH in the interaction of water with uranium and thorium.     

光谱法研究CTAB对木瓜酶酶活和构象的影响

采用荧光光谱、圆二色谱(CD)和紫外光谱研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在NaHPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液中对木瓜酶构象变化及其酶活的影响,并探讨了CTAB与木瓜酶的作用机理.荧光光谱表明,在CTAB存在下,木瓜酶的荧光强度增强,荧光峰发生红移,CTAB使木瓜酶分子链趋于伸展,酪氨酸等发色基团更多地暴露在水中.CD谱表明,当CTAB浓度(CCTAB)为0.5 mmol/L时,木瓜酶的a-螺旋构象和β-折叠构象含量比纯木瓜酶(Papain)体系分别增加了1.3％和0.1％,回转构象和无定型构象含量则分别减少了0.3％和1.2％.酶活测定结果表明,CTAB对木瓜酶的酶活有较大影响,当CCTAB由0增加到 1.5mmol/L时,木瓜酶酶活由11.2×105U/g增大到16.3×105U/g,当CCTAB由1.5mmol/L增加到3.5mmol/L时,木瓜酶的酶活又由峰值(16.3×105U/g)降到11.7×105U/g.CTAB使木瓜酶酶活增强与木瓜酶的构象有序度提高有关.     

Photo- and electro-production of mesons on nucleons and nuclei

In these lectures I will show some results obtained with the chiral unitary approach applied to the photo- and electro-production of mesons. The results for the photo-production of ηπ⁰p and K⁰π⁰Σ⁺, together with related reactions will be shown, having with common denominator the excitation of the Δ(1700) resonance which is one of those dynamically generated in the chiral unitary approach. Then I will show the results obtained for the e⁺e⁻→?f₀(980) reaction which reproduce the bulk of the data except for a pronounced peak, giving support to a new mesonic resonance, X(2175). Results will also be shown for the electromagnetic form factors of the N^∗(1535) resonance, also dynamically generated in this approach. Finally, I will show some results on the photo-production of the ω in the nuclei, showing that present experimental results claiming a shift of the ω mass in the medium are tied to a particular choice of background and are not conclusive. On the other hand, the same experimental results show unambiguously a huge increase of the ω width in the nuclear medium.     

Uniform topologies and strong operator topologies on polynomial algebras and on the algebra of CCR

In the paper uniform topologies and strong operator topologies on the free polynomial algebra in n Hermitian indeterminants, on the polynomial algebra in n commuting Hermitian indeterminants and on the *-algebra generated by the CCR (finite number of degrees of freedom) are investigated. It is proved that the strongest locally convex topology on these algebras is a uniform topology and a strong operator topology. For the polynomial algebra in one variable it is shown that on each algebraical realization as an Op*-algebra by an unbounded operator, the strongest locally convex topology coincides with the uniform topology. If in addition the realization is closed, then also the strong operator topology is equal to the strongest locally convex topology.     

Experimental and numerical study on simultaneous effects of scattering and absorption on fluorescence spectroscopy of a breast phantom

Detection of dysplastic lesions can decrease morbidity and mortality caused by cancer. The fluorescence spectroscopy is a noninvasive method of detecting dysplasia in several organs. During dysplastic progression, fluorescence intensity of spectrum is changed due to variation in absorption and scattering coefficients of tissue. In this work we have experimentally verified simultaneous effects of scattering and absorption coefficients on fluorescence intensity of different tissue like phantoms with the same optical properties as the human breast ductal carcinoma. The results are compared with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation and good agreement between them is observed. This provides an important detecting method to discriminate dysplastic tissue from normal tissue.