Particular features of manifestation of energy migration toward impurity in nanoparticles of metal complexes

We measure the fluorescence quantum yields (q _fl) of complexes of Al, Sc, Y, In, Lu, and Gd with dibenzoylmethane in aqueous and isopropanol solutions at different concentration ratios of ions and dike-tone. We reveal that, for the examined solutions, qfl of complexes varies more than by two orders of magnitude under the influence of the heavy atom. It is found that a considerable decrease in q _fl and τ_fl of ligands of complexes of listed ions caused by the influence of heavy atoms weakly affects the intensity of sensitized fluorescence of Nile red and rhodamine 6G molecules introduced into nanoparticles from these complexes in aqueous solutions. The revealed result is explained by the comparability of the singlet exciton free path length and the dimension of nanoparticles under study. We show that a lower fluorescence intensity of heavy metal complexes makes it possible to decrease its contribution in the range of the cofluorescence maximum of rhodamine 6G and to monitor the occurrence of the dye in the aqueous solution down to the concentration of 0.05 nM. We show that, in nanoparticles from Eu complexes, further fluorescence quenching of dibenzoylmethane is observed, as well as the appearance of cofluorescence of rhodamine 6G, the intensity of which is comparable with its intensity in nanoparticles of other complexes. The appearance of this cofluorescence cannot be explained by the existence of S-S energy migration.     

Sensitization of fluorescence of dye molecules in nanoparticles of metal complexes

We studied the dependence of absorption and fluorescence spectra of complexes of Al, In, Sc, Y, and La with dibenzoylmethane and naphthoyltrifluoroacetone, as well as the dependence of sensitized fluorescence of dyes in nanoparticles of these complexes, in relation to the water pH, the ratio between ions and diketones, and the ion selection. We showed that the ability of complexes of ions to form nanoparticles that efficiently sensitize dye molecules incorporated into them is determined by stability constants of these ions with organic ligands and by their ability to compete with the formation of hydroxy complexes of these ions. We found that nanoparticles consist of diketonates of different compositions and that Nile red incorporated into nanoparticles is an indicator of the dependence of the composition of nanoparticles on the selection of the central ion of complexes and conditions of their formation. We revealed that complexes M(diketone)(OH)₂ self-assemble into nanoparticles with an admixture of dye molecules and efficiently sensitize dyes upon excitation into absorption bands of complexes. We showed that, at concentrations of rhodamine 6G in water smaller than 50 nM, the use of a solution that contains 50 μM of Al(III), In(III), or Sc(III) + 50 μM of naphthoyltrifluoroacetone makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the luminescence analysis by 20-fold for the presence of rhodamine 6G in an aqueous solution.     

Energy migration in DNA evaluated by the sensitized fluorescence of an intercalation dye

An equation is obtained to calculated the efficiency of energy migration along a biopolymer with transfer of excitation to a fluorescence dye using excitation and absorption spectra. With the aid of bromoethydium intercalating into DNA-phage it is shown that in a solution at room temperature energy is transferred to it only from one or two neighboring nucleotides. The low efficiency of energy migration in relation to DNA under these conditions is explained by the low probability of each event of “cold” and “hot” migration. Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142292, Moscow Region, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 794–798, September–October, 1998.     

Efficient distributed feedback solid state dye laser with a dynamic grating

We present the first operation of a distributed feedback solid state dye laser with a dynamic, pump-induced grating. Broadly tunable, narrow band operation in the region of 616 nm (604–649 nm) has been demonstrated with perylene red laser dye doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), when pumped with a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. Conversion efficiencies of 20%, corresponding to 35% optical-to-optical efficiency, have been measured. The laser bandwidth was between 0.01 and 0.04 nm, and smooth tuning over more than 200 GHz has been demonstrated. Received: 29 March 1999 / Published online: 24 June 1999     

Application of a novel lipophilized fluorescent dye in an optical nitrate sensor

A new lipophilic pH probe (1-hydroxypyrene-3,6,8-tris-octadecylsulfonamide) has been synthesized, and its spectral properties and applications in a solid state nitrate sensor are shown. The sensor is investigated with respect to sensitivity, limits of detection, and selectivity over other anions found in drinking water.Abbreviations used HPTS trisodium-1-hydroxy-pyrene-3,6,8-trisul-fonate - HPTS-TO 1-hydroxypyrene-tris-3,6,8-octadecylsulfonamide - TDMACl tridodecylmethylammonium chloride - PVC poly(vinyl chloride) - DOS bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-sebacate - THF tetrahydrofurane - DMF dimethylformamide     

利用双膜系介质镜谐振腔产生30fs锁模脉冲

本文通过计算机叠代法,分析计算了一般所用的λ_m/4单膜系介质腔镜的色散,发现用这种腔镜难以补偿腔内脉冲的正啁啾.设计了一种双膜系介质镜,它具有补偿正啁啾所需的合适色散量φ(ω)=1.3×10~(-28)sec~2,用它代替一般腔镜,结果在没有附加任何其它色散元件情况下,直接从简单的碰撞锁模染料激光器获得30fs的脉冲输出.     

Nanosecond dye laser of short contructional length with a folded mirror beam expansion system

This paper reports on a nanosecond dye laser with a folded mirror beam expansion system, the output beam of which is astigmatically corrected. The overall length of the resonator is not more than 264 mm for a 50-fold meridional beam expansion. For a half-width of 5.3 ns of the nitrogen-laser pumping pulse, a bandwidth of 7 pm is achieved for a dye-laser power output of appr. 10 kW. Systems with a 30-fold or 40-fold expansion have a correspondingly larger bandwith. The investigations show that dye lasers of short constructional lengths with an internal, astigmatically corrected, low-loss mirror beam expansion system with spherical mirrors are technically realizable.     

Energy transfer from the singlet levels of diketones and dyes to lanthanide ions in nanoparticles consisting of their diketonate complexes

The energy transfer from the S ₁ levels of p-phenylbenzoyltrifluoroacetone (PhBTA) and dyes to different Ln³⁺ ions is studied in nanoparticles (NPs) composed of complexes of this diketone with Ln³⁺ and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and doped with dye molecules. The quenching rate constants in the NPs consisting from complexes of Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺, and Tm³⁺ are determined from the data on the quenching of sensitized (cofluorescence) and ordinary fluorescence of coumarin 30 (C30) and rhodamine 6G (R6G). The quenching rate constants vary from ≤5 × 10¹¹ to 10¹³ s^?1 for the fluorescence quenching of PhBTA by different Ln³⁺ ions, while the quenching of dye fluorescence occurs at rates of the order of 10⁹ s^?1. In the case of complexes with the Pr³⁺ ions, the fluorescence quenching of PhBTA in NPs composed of its complexes is accompanied by sensitized luminescence of Pr³⁺. The quenching observed is due to a nonradiative energy transfer from the S ₁ states of ligands and dyes to these ions. It is shown that in NPs composed of complexes with Eu³⁺, Yb³⁺, and Sm³⁺ the cofluorescence of C30 is quenched via the electron-transfer mechanism. The study of quenching of cofluorescence and fluorescence of dyes in NPs composed of mixed complexes of La³⁺ and Nd³⁺ (Ho³⁺) shows that the observed quenching of fluorescence and cofluorescence is governed mainly by the quenching of the S ₁ state of dyes when the Nd³⁺ (Ho³⁺) content does not exceed 5–10% and by the quenching of the S ₁ state of a ligand when the Nd³⁺ (Ho³⁺) content exceeds 50%. It is assumed that the high rate constant of energy transfer from the S ₁ level of ligands to ions Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺, and Tm³⁺ in NPs composed of beta-diketonate complexes is caused by exchange interactions.     

Experimental evidence of the superposition of short laser pulses in a dye medium

Pairs of 10 ps ruby laser pulses were sent into a solution of oxazine 1 perchlorate in glycerine. Relative amplication of the second pulse was observed when the time interval between the two pulses was longer than the solvent-solute relaxation time but shorter that the fluorescence time. This verifies the superposition scheme proposed recently by Chin.     

Energy losses from fast structured heavy ions in multiple collisions with molecules and nanoparticles

A nonperturbative method is developed to calculate the energy losses from fast, highly charged, heavy ions in collisions with complex molecules and nanoparticles. All possible processes of excitation and ionization of both projectile and target are taken into account. The contributions to energy losses due to multiple collisions are calculated, and the effect of target orientation with respect to the direction of projectile motion is examined. As examples, the energy losses in collisions with the XeF₄ molecule and a C₃₀₀ nanotube are determined. It is shown that the effect of multiple collisions leads to significant change in energy loss with target orientation, being insignificant for randomly oriented targets.     

Theory of the superposition of a train of short laser pulses in a dye medium

A new way is proposed in which a train of picosecond pulses is superposed on one another via successive absorptions and stimulated emissions in a suitably prepared dye medium.     

Theoretical study of enhancement and suppression of the fluorescent spectra of dye molecules in a photonic crystal with a pseudogap

We have investigated the analytical forms of the photonic density of states (DOS) in a photonic crystal in the interested frequency regime according to the rule of state conservation in a photonic crystal with pseudogaps, which states that, if a valley of the DOS appears in some range of frequencies, it must be compensated for by increasing over some other ranges. By using a model DOS with a state-conservative photonic pseudogap, we have also investigated the enhancement and suppression of spontaneous emission of two-level atoms with different frequency positions and widths of emission spectra in a state-conservative electromagnetic reservoir; and the DOS-induced suppression, enhancement, narrowing and redshifting or blueshifting of spontaneous emission spectra are naturally obtained.     

Determination of natural radiative lifetimes for S and D states in rubidium and cesium using a pulsed dye laser

Using delayed-coincidence techniques we have measured the natural radiative lifetimes of several S and D states in Rb and Cs. The states were excited by a pulsed dye laser from the first P state, populated using an rf discharge lamp.     

Energy consideration from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state in the process of charging a capacitor

A calculation of the energy loss due to a transition from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state in the process of charging a capacitor is given. In this study, it is shown that half of the total energy produced by the battery should be consumed in one form or another to reach the equilibrium state, regardless of the values of the resistance and capacitance.     

Spectral and luminescent properties of coumarins in nanoparticles from metal ion complexes

We have studied the absorption spectra of complexes of trivalent ions Y, La, Lu, and Sc with p-phenylbenzoyltrifluoroacetone that were introduced into a solution of 90% H₂O + 10% iso-C₃H₇OH in the absence and presence of either 1,10-phenanthroline or coumarins 6, 7, or 30. We have shown that these coumarins, as well as phenanthroline, are synergistic bidentate ligands that are incorporated into complexes up to concentrations comparable with concentrations of complexes and that stabilize them in the solution. We have studied the dependences of the fluorescence (cofluorescence) intensity (I _cofl) of the coumarins on their concentration in nanoparticles from the complexes mentioned above. We have shown that, in nanoparticles from complexes of Y(III), Ln(III), and Sc(III), I _cofl of coumarin 30 at high concentrations is higher than I _cofl of coumarins 6 and 7. In addition, up to concentrations of coumarin 30 comparable with the concentration of complexes in nanoparticles, there is no concentration quenching of its fluorescence. For coumarins 6 and 7, which are prone to association in the solution under study, the process of incorporating coumarins into complexes competes with their association, which leads to concentration quenching and changes in the shape of their cofluorescence spectra.     

A decrease in the superluminescence threshold of composites of an organic dye with nanoparticles

It is established that admixture of Ag, Al, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe ₃ O ₄ nanoparticles to a rhodamine 6G solution in ethanol with a concentration of 10⁻² mol/L that fills a cell with a thickness of 600 μm results in a decrease in the superluminescence thresholds by no less than 50 folds. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 77–82, September, 2008.