离子色谱法测定石膏中的三氧化硫

采用离子色谱法测定石膏中三氧化硫的含量。石膏样品溶解于水中,经超声提取,微孔滤膜过滤,IonPac AS11-HC阴离子交换色谱柱(4mm×250mm)分离,免试剂淋洗液梯度淋洗,电导检测器检测。硫酸盐的质量浓度在20.0~500.0mg·L-1之间与其峰面积呈线性关系。方法应用于石膏标准样品(GBW 03109,GBW 03111)的分析,测定值与认定值相符。加标回收率在80.6%~109%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%~6.8%之间。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定石膏中11种元素的含量

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定石膏中钠、镁、铝、硅、硫、钾、钙、钛、锰、铁、锶等11种元素的含量。样品研磨30s后压片,样片用于X射线荧光光谱分析。以GBW 03109、GBW 03110、GBW 03111、GBW 03109a、GBW 03111a、GSB 08-1352-2001、GSB 08-1352-2006、GSB 08-1352-2009等8种标准物质为基础制作校准曲线,优化了各元素的基体校正数学模型。各元素的检出限在0.001 4%~0.27%之间。对同一石膏样品平行测定10次,其相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.51%~4.0%之间。方法用于3个石膏样品的分析,所得结果与国家标准方法测定结果相符。     

温度滴定法测定脱硫石膏中的硫酸盐

采用温度滴定法测定脱硫石膏中的硫酸盐含量。石膏样品中加入盐酸(1+1)溶液,加热微沸10 min,冷却至室温后,在温度滴定仪上,以氯化钡溶液滴定至终点。在优化的试验条件下,对硫酸盐含量在72.8%~93.6%的石膏样品进行测试,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.30%~0.95%之间,与标准方法测定值相吻合。方法的加标回收率在96.8%~102%之间。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法测定油条中的铝

采用微波消解前处理方法,外标法定量,电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了油条中的铝元素.方法的检出限为0.50 μg/L,样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.66%～3.5%,回收率为96.2%～100.9%(n=6).用该方法分析了国家标准物质小麦成分分析标准物质(GBW10011)与茶叶成分分析标准物质(GBW10016)中铝元素的含量,测定值与标准值吻合.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定重晶石中的微量元素

重晶石样品(0.200 0~0.250 0g)经氢氟酸(6mL)、盐酸(3mL)和硝酸(1mL)溶样,蒸干,最后用盐酸(1+3)溶液4mL溶解残渣,加水定容至100mL。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中锶、铝、钙、镁、钾、钠、铜、铅、锌等9种微量元素的含量。用一级标准物质(GBW07811、GBW 07814、GWB 07812)绘制标准曲线,以铼为内标物。方法的检出限在2.2×10-7~1.51×10-6之间。方法用于实样分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.2%~3.8%之间。应用此方法分析了4种重晶石标准物质(GBW 07813、GBW 07815、GBW 07816、GBW 07817),所得测定值与认定值相符。用标准加入法做方法的回收试验,测得回收率在90.0%~120%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水产品中铬、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅的含量北大核心CSCD

取水产品样品0.500 0 g,加入硝酸5 mL、水2 mL、30%(质量分数)过氧化氢溶液1 mL,按微波消解程序进行消解,将消解液于100℃蒸发至1~2 mL,用水定容至25 mL。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定上述溶液中铬、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅的含量。各元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%~5.9%之间,回收率在96.6%~102%之间。按上述方法分析标准物质GBW 10023、GBW 10024、GBW 10050,FAPAS质控基准物质TET012RM以及质控样品T07225QC,各元素测定值与认定值一致。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定工业纯铁中13种元素

工业纯铁样品用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸微波消解,消解液用水定容至100.0mL,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定上述溶液中硼、镁、钙、钛、铬、镍、铜、锆、铌、锡、锑、铅、铋等13种元素的含量。采用内标法定量,13种元素的线性范围均为0.000 10%~0.015 00%,检出限(3s)为0.24~0.66μg·L^-1。用标准加入法做方法的回收试验,测得回收率为84.0%~106%。方法应用于纯铁标准样品(GBW 01401b、GBW 01402g、SRM 2167、YSBC 11247-2007)的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.80%~9.6%。     

EDTA滴定法测定铅矿石中铅含量时铋的干扰及消除

EDTA滴定法测定铅矿石中铅含量时铋形成正干扰。加入2,3-二巯基丙醇为掩蔽剂,可使铋与其反应生成稳定络合物,从而消除其对铅测定时的干扰。应用此方法分析了标准样品(GBW 07172,GBW 07167和BY 0111-1),测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.14%~0.63%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水产品中铬、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅的含量

取水产品样品0.500 0 g,加入硝酸5 mL、水2 mL、30%(质量分数)过氧化氢溶液1 mL,按微波消解程序进行消解,将消解液于100℃蒸发至1~2 mL,用水定容至25 mL。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定上述溶液中铬、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅的含量。各元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%~5.9%之间,回收率在96.6%~102%之间。按上述方法分析标准物质GBW 10023、GBW 10024、GBW 10050,FAPAS质控基准物质TET012RM以及质控样品T07225QC,各元素测定值与认定值一致。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析粉煤灰漂珠中的微量元素

建立了一种电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定粉煤灰漂珠中微量元素的方法,检出限为0.002~0.01 ng/mL,相对标准偏差为1.4%~2.5%(n=10)。用该方法分析了标准物质(GBW 07103)和德州、衡水的粉煤灰漂珠样品中的微量元素,标准物质分析结果与参考值一致,实际样品加标回收率为87.9%~105.6%。     

ICP-AES和ICP-MS法测定光学玻璃中的15种稀土元素

采用Na₂O₂熔融分解样品,运用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定光学玻璃中的稀土元素。采用该方法对国家一级标准物质GBW07158、GBW07159、GBW07160和GBW07161进行测定,其结果表明与标准值相符。方法选择性好、灵敏度好、定量准确,适用于光学玻璃中稀土元素的测定,结果令人满意。     

低浓度氮中二氧化硫气体标准物质的制备

以二氧化硫纯度标准物质和高纯氮气为原料,采用与一级标准物质比较法制备了摩尔分数为10~100μmol/mol的氮中二氧化硫标准物质。用二氧化硫分析仪对配制的标准物质进行了机械混匀试验、压力均匀性和时间稳定性试验。结果表明,滚动30~80 min后该标准物质机械混匀良好;经F检验,在10~0.5 MPa范围内该标准物质量随压力变化无显著差异,具有较好的压力均匀性;在–20℃和40℃条件下保存7 d,其量值无显著变化,可满足运输环节量值稳定性要求;在常温下贮存11个月,量值无显著性变化,满足国家二级标准物质稳定性要求。采用与一级标准物质比较法定值,并对定值结果的不确定度进行了评定。研制的低浓度氮中二氧化硫气体标准物质的标准值分别为9.89,55.4,101.2μmol/mol(U_(rel)=2%,k=2),该标准物质满足国家二级标准物质的相关技术要求,可用于仪器校准、测量过程质量控制及分析方法的确认和评价。     

Determination of Ultra-Trace Platinum,Palladium, Ruthenium,Rhodium, and Iridium in Rocks and Minerals by Inductively Coupled–Plasma Mass Spectrometry Following Nickel Sulfide Fire Assay Preconcentration and Open Mixed Acid Digestion

Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), and osmiun (Os) are platinum-group elements with similar physic-chemical properties, and have important applications in geochemistry and environmental chemistry. However, due to their low abundance and inhomogeneous distribution in natural ores as well as the nugget effect, the accurate determination of the platinum-group elements has been a challenge for geological analysis. In this work, self-prepared and purified sodium carbonate (NiCO₃) instead of commercial nickel oxide (NiO) was used as the fire assay collector in order to greatly reduce the reagent blank and method detection limits. In addition, the fuming time of HClO₄ was strictly controlled at 10?min and a high sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ultra-trace Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, and Ir in minerals by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following preconcentration with the nickel sulfide fire assay. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, and Ir were between 0 and 100?ng mL^?1, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9997. The detection limits were 0.015, 0.056, 0.014, 0.004, 0.012?ng mL^?1 (for 10?g sample) for Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh and Ir, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to analyze Chinese Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) GBW07288, GBW07289, GBW07290, GBW07291, GBW07292, GBW07293, GBW07294, GBW07101, GBW07102 and GBW07201 and the determined values were in good agreement with the certified values. The relative standard deviations (n?=?5) of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh and Ir were between 3.42% and 6.87% for the determination of GBW07291.     

Selective solid-phase extraction of trace thallium with nano-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> from environmental samples

A novel sorbent, nano-Al₂O₃ was employed for the separation and preconcentration of thallium from aqueous solution in batch equilibrium experiments. It was found that the adsorption percentage of thallium ions was close to 100% at pH 4.5, and the desorption by 1.0 mL of 0.25 M HCl reached 99%. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 5.78 mg/g (20 ± 0.1°C). The enrichment factor values of Tl(III) was 25 for 25 mL sample. Detection limit of thallium (3σ, n = 11) equal to 0.8 μg/mL and relative standard deviation (2.4%) were obtained. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace thallium in some environmental samples and the certified reference material polymetallic nodule (GBW07296) with satisfactory results.     

Determination of Nickel after Online Sorbent Preconcentration by FI-FAAS Using Dimethylglyoxime as a Complexing Agent

Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) has been tested as a complexing agent for the determination of nickel after online preconcentration on RP-C₁₈ in a microcolumn using flow injection coupled with a flame atomic absorption spectrometry system (FI-FAAS). The Ni–DMG complexes formed online can be adsorbed on the C₁₈ sorbent. Various parameters affecting the online Ni–DMG complex formation and its subsequent adsorption in the microcolumn as well as its elution into the nebulizer of the FAAS were optimized. A 10⁻³ mol/L solution of DMG in 4% ethanol was mixed online with an aqueous sample solution acidified to 0.1% (v/v) nitric acid and flowed for 30 s through the microcolumn. The adsorbed Ni–DMG complex in the microcolumn was eluted with ethanol containing 1% HNO₃ into the nebulizer of the FAAS in 10 s. A good precision (RSD = 1.7%, n = 14), high enrichment factor (21), and high sample throughput (90 h⁻¹) with detection limit (3ς) 3 μg/L were obtained. The method was applied to standard reference materials, i.e., NBS-362, NBS-364 (special low-alloy steel), and mussel (GBW 08571), for the determination of nickel and the results were in good agreement with certified values. Nickel recovery from seawater and high-purity magnesium oxide in the range 98–100% can be obtained by this method.     

Determination of Total Sulfur in Soils and Plants by an Automated Dry Combustion Method

Abstract

Determination of total sulfur in environmental samples can be accomplished using automated dry combustion techniques. The analytical performance of an elemental analyzer (CE Instruments) was compared with a method involving dry ashing followed by ion chromatographic detection of sulfate (IC). Samples included certified reference materials, confirmation materials with a known content of sulfur, and several soils and plants. There was a close agreement between both methods. Superior accuracy, precision and detection limits were obtained using the dry combustion method. Current results suggest that the automated dry combustion technique has developed into an adequate method for the determination of the relatively low total sulfur contents commonly encountered in soils and plants.     

Determination of Sulfur in Petroleum Coke Combining Closed Vessel Microwave-Induced Combustion and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry

Abstract

A new procedure based on closed vessel Microwave-Induced Combustion (MIC) technique is proposed for the decomposition of petroleum coke and further determination of sulfur by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The procedure is based on sample ignition by microwave radiation using closed quartz vessels pressurized with oxygen and use of NH₄NO₃ as an ignition aid. The nature and concentration of absorbing/refluxing solution were studied, as well as the operational parameters related to MIC technique. Results were compared with those obtained by conventional wet digestion in closed vessels, certified reference materials (agreement was better than 98%), and also using ion chromatography for S determination.     

Arsenic speciation based on ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with hydride generation atomic fluorescence and on-line UV photo oxidation

An on-line method capable of the separation of arsenic species was developed for the speciation of arsenite As(III), arsenate As(V), monomethylarsenic (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) in biological samples. The method is based on the combination of high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) for separation, UV photo oxidation for sample digestion and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HGAFS) for sensitive detection. The best separation results were obtained with an anion-exchange AS11 column protected by an AG11 guard column, and gradient elution with NaH₂PO₄ and water as mobile phase. The on-line UV photo oxidation with 1.5% K₂S₂O₈ in 0.2 mol L^–1 NaOH in an 8 m PTFE coil for 40 s ensures the digestion of organoarsenic compounds. Detection limits for the four species were in the range of 0.11–0.15 ng (20 μL injected). Procedures were validated by analysis of the certified reference materials GBW09103 freeze-dried human urine and the results were in good agreement with the certified values of total arsenic concentration. The method has been successfully applied to speciation studies of blood arsenic species with no need of sample pretreatment. Speciation of arsenic in blood samples collected from two patients after the ingestion of realgar-containing drug reveals slight increase of arsenite and DMA, resulting from the digestion of realgar.     

Production of three certified reference materials for water content based on mixed solutions of butanol, xylene and propylene carbonate

Certified reference materials (CRMs) for water content with good accuracy and homogeneity are required for calibration or validation of the Karl Fischer titration and for establishing the traceability of water content results. Three such CRMs were produced and certified: GBW 13512, 13513 and 13514 are based on solvent mixtures consisting of butanol, xylene and propylene carbonate with water contents of 10.01, 1.067 and 0.139?mg/g, respectively, certified by the Karl Fischer coulometric and volumetric methods. These CRMs were prepared, dispensed and sealed under a humidity equal to the equilibrated humidity of their headspace. In this way, the between-bottle homogeneity uncertainty (u _H,rel) could be kept as low as u _H,rel?=?0.12?% for GBW 13512. The certification methods, that is, Karl Fischer coulometric and volumetric methods, were calibrated using in-house water standards prepared by gravimetry. The results were traceable to the SI unit of mass. The relative deviation of the water contents between the two methods for GBW 13512 was only 0.05?%. The expanded uncertainty (U, k?=?2) of three CRMs was 0.12, 0.024 and 0.012?mg/g, respectively. These CRMs for water content with good accuracy can be applied in the calibration or validation of measurement procedures to ensure accurate and comparable results.     

高频红外碳硫分析仪在硫回收催化剂分析中的应用

采用CS-800型碳硫分析仪对硫回收催化剂的积碳和积硫量进行分析,考察了助熔剂和样品用量对分析结果的影响,同时考察了分析方法的准确性.试验结果表明,碳的回收率为96.8%~100%,硫的回收率为98.9%~100%,相对标准偏差小于3%.分析方法准确可靠,重复性好,硫回收催化剂的称样质量为50.0~70.0 mg,能满足分析要求.