Improved lower hybrid current drive efficiency with IBW heating in the HT-7 tokamak

Lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) efficiency in the HT-7 tokamak is observed to increase about 30% with ion Bernstein wave (IBW) heating. The current drive efficiency as high as has been reached in HT-7 thanks to an LHCD/IBW synergy. The IBWs are significantly coupled to the fast electrons produced by the lower hybrid waves, thus results in higher fast electron photon temperature in the combined LHCD + IBW scenario. The interaction of LHCD + IBW improved current drive efficiency.     

Study of Electron Heat Pulse Propagation and Particle Diffusion During the Synergy of LHW and IBW Heating in the HT-7

A successful experiment on lower hybrid wave (LHW) and ion Bernstein wave (IBW) synergy has been carried out in the HT-7 superconducting tokamak. With 560KW of LHW heating power and 160 KW of IBW heating power, during the synergy of the LHW and IBW experiment we achieved an improved plasma: the electron density increased and peaked, the soft X intensity increased too. A five-channel far-infrared (FIR) hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer was used to measure the electron density profile. The particle diffusion coefficient was studied for the experiment, and the result compared with the heat diffusion coefficient. With the same injected LHW and IBW power, high electron density n_e can deduce the electron pulse propagation and the particle diffusion.     

HT-7托卡马克中低杂波和离子波恩斯坦波协同作用的数值研究

用隐含5点模式对二维Fokker-Planck方程进行离散化,调用NAG程序库中子函数D03UAF求解该方程,并将求解二维Fokker-Planck方程的code与波的射线轨迹code相结合,根据HT-7托卡马克装置参数,分别对有或没有IBW情况下的等离子体电流的全波驱动和在低杂波和离子伯恩斯坦波协同作用下低杂波的功率沉积分布、驱动电流分布等进行数值模拟研究.结果显示:有IBW情况下的全波驱动电流分布比没有IBW时全波驱动的电流分布区域要广一些,而且驱动的总电流也大一点;在双波协同作用下,全波驱动的等离子体电流空间分布随IBW的频率和n_//谱的变化而变化;在两波协同作用下低杂波驱动非感应电流的效率得到了很大的改善.     

Density Profile and Diffusion Coefficient During IBW Heating in the HT-7 Superconducting Tokamak

The electron density coefficient was studied during IBW heating in the HT-7 tokamak. The frequency of IBW was 30 MHz, and the injected power was 130 kW. An improved confinement mode was induced by IBW heating in the HT-7. The peaked density profile was formed gradually, and the Ha radiation intensity was decreased abruptly. A five-channel far-infared (FIR) hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer was used to measure the electron density profile. The evolution of the density profile and the soft X ray intensity profile were studied during the improved confinement phase. The electron density diffusion coefficient was studied carefully for IBW heating discharges. The results were compared with Ohmic heating plasma and with different toroidal field Bt (2.0 T and 1.8 T). For 30MHz frequency of IBW heating, the higher Bt leads the lower electron density diffusion coefficient at the region of r/a > 0.6 in the HT-7.     

离子伯恩斯坦波对低杂波驱动电流影响的研究

利用改进的二维Fokker-Planck方程和低杂波射线轨迹程序研究了在低杂波和离子伯恩斯坦波协同作用下低杂波的功率沉积分布、驱动电流分布。数值结果显示在两波协同作用下低杂波驱动非感应电流的效率得到了很大的改善。     

Observation of zero current density in the core of jet discharges with lower hybrid heating and current drive

Simultaneous current ramping and application of lower hybrid heating and current drive (LHCD) have produced a region with zero current density within measurement errors in the core ( r/a< or =0.2) of JET tokamak optimized shear discharges. The reduction of core current density is consistent with a simple physical explanation and numerical simulations of radial current diffusion including the effects of LHCD. However, the core current density is clamped at zero, indicating the existence of a physical mechanism which prevents it from becoming negative.     

低杂波电流驱动下加热的数值模拟

应用作者最新改进的求解FOKKER-PLANK方程的程序,首次得到了低杂波电流驱动下的加热功率密度和加热功率.这些数值模拟结果不仅很好地解决了低杂波电流驱动中的功率平衡问题,而且也能为以后的托卡马克低杂波电流驱动实验提供一定的指导作用.     

托卡马克高场侧低杂波电流驱动模拟研究

利用GENRAY/CQL3D程序研究了EAST装置双零位形下高场侧和低场侧发射低杂波的电流驱动情况.模拟发现,电子密度较小时,高场侧低杂波电流驱动效果不如低场侧.随着电子密度的增加,高场侧低杂波电流驱动的优势逐渐显现,从高场侧发射的低杂波可以将能量沉积在更加靠近等离子体中心的位置.提高环向磁场强度有利于低杂波在高密度条...     

HL-1M装置中的离轴电子回旋加热实验

在HL-1M装置上进行了离轴电子回旋加热实验。研究了电子温度的变化，等离子体密度对加热效果的影响，离轴加热条件下MHD锯齿的变化，波对m/nk=1/1模的影响及在与低杂波电流驱动共同作用下的各种实验现象。 这些现象被认为与高能电子和它们的分布有关。     

Toroidal rotation induced by 4.6 GHz lower hybrid current drive on EAST tokamak

Using a tangentially viewing x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, substantial co-current rotation driven by lower hybrid current drive(LHCD) at 4.6 GHz is observed on EAST tokamak. This study presents plasma rotation behaviors with 4.6 GHz LHCD injection. Typically, the 10-20 km/s co-current rotation change and the transport of rotation velocity from edge to core are observed. The relationship between plasma parameters and rotation is also investigated, indicating that rotation decreases with increasing internal inductance(l_i) and increases with increasing safety factor(q_0). Hysteresis between rotation and T_e plasma stored energy is observed, suggesting different response times between the electron heating and rotation acceleration by LHCD. A comparison between the rotations driven by 4.6 G LHCD and 2.45 G LHCD on EAST is also presented, in which higher frequency LHCD could induce more rotation changes.     

Heat Flux on EAST Divertor Plate in H-mode with LHCD/LHCD+NBI

Based on the surface temperature measured by the infrared camera on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST), the heat fluxes on the lower outer divertor target plate during H-mode with the lower-hybrid wave current drive(LHCD) only and with the LHCD combined with the neutral beam injection(NBI) are calculated by the DFLUX code and compared. The analyzed discharges are lower single null divertor configuration discharges. In the case with the LHCD only(I_p~400 kA, P_(LHCD)~2 MW), ELM-free appears after L-H transition with the peak heat flux on the lower outer target plate less than 1 MW/m2. However, there is no ELMfree appearing after the L-H transition in the case with the LHCD+NBI(I_P~300 kA, P_(LHCD)+P_(NBI)~2 MW).The results show that the peak heat fluxes on the lower outer target plate in the LHCD+NBI H-mode cases are larger than those in the LHCD H-mode under the similar auxiliary heating power. This is because the heat flux profiles of the lower outer target plate as a function of plate location in ELMing with the LHCD+NBI are narrower than those with the LHCD only. The results are consistent with the results in terms of the scrape-off layer width observed in the EAST.     

HT-6B托卡马克参数下低杂波驱动电流的密度窗口

在简晰的物理模型下,采用数值方法,研究了HT-6B托卡马克参数下的低杂波射线轨迹,波谱移动,功率吸收和驱动电流分布。结果表明,存在着驱动电流的密度窗口,即仅在一定的等离子体密度范围内才能驱动电流(通常在理论和实验上仅注意到驱动电流的密度上限)。文中对这种密度窗口的存在给予了物理解释,并进而讨论了影响驱动电流效率的主要因素。 关键词：     

HL-2M装置低混杂波电流驱动系统高精度数字温度测量仪的研制

为HL-2M低混杂波电流驱动系统研制了16路J型数字校准热电偶测温仪,可实现16通道温度测量,测温范围为0~250°C,测量范围内误差绝对值小于1°C,具有本地高清液晶显示温度值和电脑远程温度采集功能。该测温仪已成功用于HL-2M低混杂波加热系统的调试实验,对不同输出功率条件下高功率速调管输出腔温度进行了测量,保证了速调管运行的安全性。     

HT-7托卡马克大功率低混杂波电流驱动的实验研究

在HT-7超导托卡马克成功进行了大功率（P_LHW=100—800 kW,f=2.45 GHz）低混杂波电流驱动实验.研究了不同入射功率和等离子体密度下的低混杂波电流驱动效率.获得了以平均电子密度增加、氘阿尔法（D_α）线辐射减少为特征的粒子约束改善;粒子约束时间τ_p增加了约1.5倍.仔细研究了能量约束时间与等离子体密度和低混杂波功率的关系. 关键词： 托卡马克 低混杂波 约束改善 电流驱动效率     

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A 16-channel J-type thermocouple instrument with digital calibration for the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system on HL-2M tokamak was developed to achieve 16 channel temperature measurements. The temperature measurement range is 0~250°C with the absolute error value less than 1°C. The temperature can be displayed on the liquid crystal display (LCD) and read on the computer remotely. The J-type thermocouple instrument has been successfully used in the debugging experiment of the LHCD heating system of HL-2M tokamak. The temperature of output cavity of the high power klystron has been measured under different output power conditions to ensure the safety of the klystron in operation.     

Optimized calculation of the synergy conditions between electron cyclotron current drive and lower hybrid current drive on EAST

The optimized synergy conditions between electron cyclotron current drive(ECCD) and lower hybrid current drive(LHCD) with normal parameters of the EAST tokamak are studied by using the C3PO/LUKE code based on the understanding of the synergy mechanisms so as to obtain a higher synergistic current and provide theoretical reference for the synergistic effect in the EAST experiment. The dependences of the synergistic effect on the parameters of two waves(lower hybrid wave(LHW) and electron cyclotron wave(ECW)), including the radial position of the power deposition, the power value of the LH and EC waves, and the parallel refractive indices of the LHW(N) are presented and discussed.     

KT-5B托卡马克装置上离子伯恩斯坦波激发条件的实验研究

本文介绍了在KT-5B托卡马克装置上,线性离子伯恩斯坦波的激发与边缘离子密度涨落、托卡马克放电参数以及发射天线位置之间关系的实验研究结果。实验表明,边缘离子密度涨落过大,将使离子伯恩斯坦波激发变得困难;正常的托卡马克运行的放电参数范围与有效激发离子伯恩斯坦波的参数范围一致;对纵环电流天线,可能存在静电模转换激发和直接激发这两种离子伯恩斯坦波激发方式共存的情况。 关键词：     

Sawtooth-like electron density oscillations under laser blow-off and lower hybrid current drive in HL-1M tokamak

By using of a six-channel HCN laser interferometer, the sawtooth-like density oscillations without being exhibited in the ohmic phase plasma have been observed during lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) discharges in the HL-1M device. There are often accompanied by injected impurity with laser blow-off. Analyses show that this kind of density sawtooth-like oscillation comes from the mutual effect of LHCD and impurity. An available mechanism is the loss of superthermal electrons by the magnetic perturbation, which is caused by the crash of the central accumulated impurities.     

俘获电子效应对低杂波电流驱动的影响

利用的程序是基于FASTFP开发的RFP准线性Fokker-Planck程序，该程序适用于各种辅助加热和电流驱动的动力学计算.利用开发的编码对低杂波在托卡马克等离子体中的吸收和驱动效率进行了Fokker-Planck计算，考查了环形托卡马克装置的纵横比对波功率沉积和电流驱动效率产生的作用.研究表明，俘获电子效应对低杂波电流驱动的影响与波驱动的功率谱结构有关.俘获电子的平行速度较低，优化的功率谱可以在共振的电子数和俘获电子之间取得折中.俘获电子效应可以使低杂波电流驱动效率减小30%. 关键词： Fokker-Planck方程 俘获电子效应 低杂波电流驱动     

HL-2A装置的LHCD运行区域与驱动电流分布控制

讨论了低杂波电流驱动（LHCD）实验中电流驱动效率、电流分布控制与等离子体参数和入射波谱的关系,以及波的可近性对确定功率沉积分布的作用。讨论了控制电流密度分布的方法及在HL－2A装置上实现中心负剪切位形的可能性。