Gamow-Teller transitions from 58Ni to discrete states of 58Cu

Under the assumption that isospin is a good quantum number, symmetry is expected for the transitions from the ground states of T = 1, T _z = ±1 nuclei to the common excited states of the T _z = 0 nucleus situated between the two nuclei. The symmetry can be studied by comparing the strengths of Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions obtained from a (p, n)-type charge-exchange reaction on a target nucleus with T _z = 1 with those from the β-decay of the T _z = - 1 nucleus. The A = 58 system is the heaviest for which such a comparison is possible. As a part of the symmetry study, we measured the GT transitions from ⁵⁸Ni (T _z = 1) to ⁵⁸Cu (T _z = 0) by using the zero-degree (³ He, t) reaction at 150 MeV/nucleon. With the achieved resolution of 50 keV, many hitherto unresolved GT states have been identified. The GT transition strengths were obtained for states up to 8 MeV excitation, i.e., near to the Q window limitation ( Q _EC = 9.37 MeV) of the β-decay from ⁵⁸Zn (T _z = - 1) to ⁵⁸Cu. The strength distribution is compared with that from shell-model calculations. Received: 24 November 2001 / Accepted: 30 January 2002     

High-resolution in-beam particle spectroscopy --New results on prompt proton emission from 58Cu

Prompt proton decay lines in ⁵⁸Cu have been studied by means of high-resolution in-beam particle-γ coincidence spectroscopy using the GAMMASPHERE Ge-detector array in conjunction with a dedicated set of ancillary detectors including four ΔE-E silicon-strip telescopes. High-spin states in ⁵⁸Cu have been populated via the heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reaction ²⁸Si(³⁶Ar, 1α1p1n) at 148 MeV beam energy. The full-width at half maximum for the proton peak could be reduced significantly compared to earlier experiments. The results indicate that only one prompt proton decay branch exists in the decay-out of the well-deformed band of ⁵⁸Cu. Received: 11 March 2002 / Accepted: 10 April 2002     

Inclusive and exclusive measurements of high energy γ-rays in the 101 MeV <Superscript>19</Superscript>F +<Superscript>181</Superscript>Ta fusion reaction

The high energy γ-rays from the fusion-evaporation reaction 101 MeV ¹⁹F +¹⁸¹Ta have been measured in coincidence with different γ-ray fold windows or discrete γ-rays in final residual nuclei. The line-shape analysis of the high energy γ-ray spectra confirms the large deformation of the ²⁰⁰Pb nuclei at high angular momenta. Coincidences with discrete γ-transitions evidence a strong correlation between γ-rays in the Giant Dipole Resonance region (E_γ≥ 8 MeV) and final evaporation residues. Received: 14 September 1999 / Revised version: 17 December 1999     

High-spin shell-model states near 56Ni

High-spin states of nuclei near doubly magic ⁵⁶Ni were studied with the reaction ²⁸Si(³⁶Ar,xpynzα) at 136 MeV beam energy. The Gammasphere array in conjunction with the 4π charged-particle detector array Microball and neutron detectors were used to detect γ rays in coincidence with evaporated light particles. The resulting extensive decay schemes of ⁵⁴Fe, ^54,55Co, ^56,57Ni, and ⁵⁸Cu are compared to shell model calculations in the fp shell. Received: 19 September 1998 / Revised version: 27 November 1998     

High-spin states in 44Ca

High-spin states of the ⁴⁴Ca nucleus populated in the 68 MeV ¹⁸O + ³⁰Si reaction have been studied in a γ-γ-recoil coincidence experiment. The level scheme of ⁴⁴Ca has been extended up to 12.2 MeV. In particular, the negative-parity band has been identified with the highest I = 13^- level at 10.6 MeV. This state is interpreted as the band-terminating state for the ( d _3/2 ^-1 f _7/2 ⁵) configuration. Received: 7 November 2001 / Accepted: 3 December 2001     

The 3701 keV neutron g 9/2 single-particle state in 57Ni

The neutron g _9/2 single-particle state in ⁵⁷Ni has been unambiguously identified in a combined measurement of the linear polarization, angular distribution, and angular correlation of γ rays following the fusion-evaporation reaction ²⁸Si(³²S,2pn)⁵⁷Ni at a beam energy of 90 MeV. The linear polarization was measured with a Euroball cluster detector and a prototype of an encapsulated six-fold segmented hexaconical Ge-detector. The spin of the 3701 keV level in ⁵⁷Ni was confirmed to be I= 9/2 and its parity determined to be positive. Received: 24 September 1999 / Revised version: 22 October 1999     

Decay of proton-rich nuclei between 39Ti and 49Ni

Decay studies of very neutron-deficient nuclei ranging from ³⁹Ti to ⁴⁹Ni have been performed during a projectile fragmentation experiment at the GANIL/LISE3 separator. For all nuclei studied in this work, ^{39, 40}Ti, ^{42, 43}Cr, ⁴⁶Mn, ^{45, 46, 47}Fe and ⁴⁹Ni, half-lives and decay spectra have been measured. In a few cases, γ coincidence measurements helped to successfully identify the initial and final states of transitions. In these cases, partial decay scheme are proposed. For the most exotic isotopes, ³⁹Ti, ⁴²Cr, ⁴⁵Fe and ⁴⁹Ni, which are candidates for two-proton radioactivity from the ground state, no clear evidence of this process is seen in our spectra and we conclude rather on a delayed particle decay. Received: 26 July 2000 / Accepted: 20 December 2000     

Giant-resonance studies with radioactive beams: Perspectives

First-generation radioactive ion-beam facilities have already been in operation for some time. Advanced facilities that will deliver high-intensity radioactive nuclear beams ranging in energy from below the Coulomb barrier to up to several hundred MeV per nucleon (MeV/u) are either starting operation, or under construction or in the planning stage. In this paper the perspectives of using radioactive nuclear beams to study giant resonances in nuclei far from the valley of stability are explored. In particular, emphasis will be made on information on certain nuclear properties that can be gained from such studies. Received: 1 May 2001 / Accepted: 4 December 2001     

High-spin states in the A= 39 mirror nuclei 39Ca and 39K

High-spin states of the mass A= 39 mirror pair ³⁹K and ³⁹Ca were investigated via the fusion-evaporation reaction ²⁸Si +¹⁶O at 125 MeV beam energy. The Gammasphere array in conjunction with the 4π charged-particle detector array Microball and neutron detectors was used to detect γ rays in coincidence with evaporated light particles. The results of the first high-spin study of the T _z=−1/2 nucleus ³⁹Ca are discussed in terms of mirror symmetry and compared to spherical shell-model calculations in the 1d _3/2–; 1f _7/2 configuration space. Received: 18 August 1999     

Investigation of α-nucleus interaction in the 27Al (α,α)27Al scattering and 27Al (α, d )29Si reaction

Full finite-range macroscopic calculations in the distorted-wave Born approximation have been performed using the molecular and Michel α-nucleus potentials to analyze the angular distributions of cross-sections of the ²⁷Al(α, d)²⁹Si reaction, at 26.5 and 27.2 MeV incident energies, leading to seven transitions up to the excitation energy E _X = 4.08 MeV of the final nucleus. The parameters of the two types of the α-nucleus potentials are determined from the elastic-scattering data. Both the molecular and Michel potentials, without any adjustment to the parameters needed to fit the elastic-scattering data, are able in most cases to reproduce, simultaneously, the absolute cross-sections particularly at large angles, where the previous calculations failed to reproduce by orders of magnitude, and the gross pattern of angular distributions of the reaction. The deuteron-cluster spectroscopic factors for most of the seven transitions, deduced using the two α-²⁷Al potentials, differ from those obtained in earlier works. The spectroscopic factor for the ground-state transition, deduced in the present work for the 25.8 MeV data, agrees well with the shell model prediction. Received: 15 July 2002 / Accepted: 8 August 2002 / Published online: 10 December 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: akbasak2001@Yahoo.com Communicated by G. Orlandini     

Beta decay of the MT=-1 nucleus 58Zn studied by selective laser ionization

Beta decay of ⁵⁸Zn has been studied for the first time. A new laser ion-source concept has been used to produce mass-separated sources for beta and gamma spectroscopy. The half-life of ⁵⁸Zn was determined to be 86(18) ms. Comparisons are made with previous data from charge-exchange reactions. Our Gamow–Teller strength to the 1⁺ state at 1051 keV excitation in ⁵⁸Cu agrees well with the value extracted from a recent (³He, t) study. Extensive shell-model calculations are presented. Received: 5 June 1998 / Revised version: 24 July 1998     

Pre-equilibrium γ ray emission in different reaction mechanisms at 8 MeV/nucleon

Recent experimental results on particles-γ coincidence measurements on the systems ¹²C +⁶⁴Ni and ³⁵Cl +⁶⁴Ni at about 8 MeV/nucleon are interpreted as due to the effect of a Dipole pre-equilibrium emission produced during the damping of the proton-neutron relative collective motion in very deformed intermediate systems formed in the first instants of the collision. The pre-equilibrium effects are evaluated through semiclassic kinetic theories and through modified statistical approach to include non-stationary effects in Fusion processes, Massive Transfer reactions (in the ¹²C +⁶⁴Ni system) and in Binary Dissipative reactions (in the ³⁵Cl +⁶⁴Ni system). In particular the study performed on the dipole molecular component allows to establish a link between the above phenomenon and the charge and mass transfer process in quasi-peripheral reactions. Received: 15 April 1998 / Revised version: 8 June 1998     

Collisional damping of giant monopole and quadrupole resonances

Collisional damping widths of giant monopole and quadrupole excitations for ¹²⁰Sn and ²⁰⁸Pb at zero and finite temperatures are calculated within Thomas-Fermi approximation by employing the microscopic in-medium cross-sections of Li and Machleidt and the phenomenological Skyrme and Gogny forces, and are compared with each other. The results for the collisional widths of giant monopole and quadrupole vibrations at zero temperature as a function of the mass number show that the collisional damping of giant monopole vibrations accounts for about 30 - 40% of the observed widths at zero temperature, while for giant quadrupole vibrations it accounts for only 20 - 30% of the observed widths at zero temperature. Received: 9 January 2001 / Accepted: 29 March 2001     

Microscopic study of Gamow-Teller and spin-dipole states in 208Bi

Gamow-Teller (GT) and spin-dipole (SD) states in ²⁰⁸Bi are studied by using self-consistent Hartree-Fock + Tamm-Dancoff approximation taking into account the coupling to the continuum. Most of SD strength is found at the excitation energy E _x≈ 25MeV with a very broad width, which agrees with recent experimental observations. It is shown that Landau damping effect is responsible for the large width of SD peak, while the escape width is found to be at most 1MeV. We study also electric dipole (E1) transitions between GT and SD states in ²⁰⁸Bi. Main E1 transitions for 0^- and 1^- states are found near excitation energy expected from Brink's hypothesis in which SD states are considered as E1 resonances built on the GT state. Calculated E1 transition strengths between GT and SD states are compared with the analytic sum rules within one-particle one-hole (1p-1h) configuration space and within both 1p-1h and 2p-2h model space. Received: 11 April 2000 / Accepted: 30 August 2000     

Influence of damping on the excitation of the double giant resonance

We study the effect of the spreading widths on the excitation probabilities of the double giant dipole resonance. We solve the coupled-channels equations for the excitation of the giant dipole resonance and the double giant dipole resonance. Taking Pb+Pb collisions as example, we study the resulting effect on the excitation amplitudes, and cross sections as a function of the width of the states and of the bombarding energy. Received: 13 July 1999     

Magnetic dipole response in rare earth nuclei

Experimental observations in certain rare earth nuclei have established the presence of sizeable B(M1) strength of two peak structure lying in the 5–10 MeV region. The character of the states concerned, studied within a self-consistent Random Phase Approximation using Skyrme forces, are identified to be that of proton and neutron giant spin-flip resonances. Received: 14 July 1997 / Revised version: 20 October 1997     

The A = 51 mirror nuclei 51Fe and 51Mn

Eighteen previously unknown γ-ray transitions were identified in the T _z = - 1/2 nucleus ⁵¹Fe following the fusion-evaporation reaction ³²S(²⁸Si,2α1n)⁵¹Fe. The level scheme reaches the fully aligned I ^π = 27/2^- terminating state of the five holes in the f _7/2 shell. The 17/2^- state was found to be isomeric, and the lifetime was measured to be 2.87 ns. The mirror symmetry of ⁵¹Fe and ⁵¹Mn is discussed, and the level scheme of ⁵¹Fe is compared to shell-model calculations. Received: 20 July 2000 / Accepted: 1 August 2000     

The first excited states of 9Be and 9B

It is found here that the 1/2⁺ first excited state of ⁹Be is a virtual state with the energy of −23.5 KeV. The line shape for the excitation of the state is approximated with a simple analytic form based on the effective range expansion. The partner in ⁹B of this state is found to be a resonance with a maximum in the peak at about 1.1 MeV, FWHM of 1.5 MeV, and complex energy of 0.6 −i0.75 MeV. The line shape for its excitation is calculated in terms of the p−⁸Be phase shift. The phase shifts are obtained from N−⁸Be effective potentials deduced from the data on the photodisintegration of ⁹Be. A possibility for direct extraction of the energy of the resonant state from experimental data is also discussed, and an expression for a residue at a virtual state pole in terms of a quadrature taken over the virtual state eigenfunction is given. Received: 23 March 1998 / Revised version: 3 September 1998     

Studies with one- and two-proton drip line nuclei

In recent experiments at GANIL, we studied nuclei at the one- and two-proton drip line. The production rates allowed to search for direct 2p emission in the drip line nuclei ⁴²Cr, ⁴⁵Fe, and ⁴⁹Ni. No evidence for this decay mode was found in ⁴²Cr and ⁴⁹Ni, whereas the situation stays unclear for ⁴⁵Fe due to the limited statistics. In the medium-mass region ( A = 50-70), the half-life was measured for all proton-rich nuclei in the range T _z = 0 to T _z = - 1 between Z = 27 and Z = 36. First half-lives were determined for ⁶⁰Ga, ⁶²Ge, ⁶⁴As and ⁶⁶Se. Finally, β-decay studies of the 0⁺ → 0⁺ decay of ⁶²Ga have been performed at IGISOL in Jyv?skyl?. Non-analog transitions have been observed and are compared to theoretical predictions. Received: 21 March 2002 / Accepted: 16 May 2002 / Published online: 31 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: blank@cenbg.in2p3.fr