氧杂戊二醛的合成及杀菌活性研究

根据戊二醛类物质的杀菌活性与结构的关系，本文合成了氧杂戊二醛，并测定了其杀菌活性，结果表明，新制备的氧杂戊二醛与成二醛一样具有强的杀菌能力。     

一种结构新颖的苯并噻唑硫醚类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

以各种取代苯并噻唑为侧链结构,对Strobilurins类杀菌剂苯噻菌酯的药效团部分进行修饰,设计合成了18个结构新颖的苯并噻唑硫醚类化合物,结构经1HNMR,MS,元素分析确证.并用X-ray单晶衍射测定了化合物5,5-二甲基-4-甲氧基-3-[2-(苯并噻唑-2-硫甲基)苯基]-2(5H)-呋喃酮(6a)的晶体结构.初步的生物活性测试结果表明,在200mg/L的剂量下部分化合物表现出一定的杀菌活性.     

嘧霉胺盐的合成及其杀菌活性测试

合成了10个嘧霉胺盐,其中9个为新化合物。其结构经^1HNMR,IR和元素分析确证。初步杀菌活性测试结果表明大部分化合物对被测菌种有较好的抑菌和杀菌作用,并对化合物结构与杀菌活性的关系进行了初步探讨。     

新型含硅唑类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

合成了２０个新型含硅唑类化合物，其化学结构经ＩＲ，ＭＳ，１ＨＮＭＲ和元素分析确证。生物活性测定显示一些化合物对棉花枯萎病菌等有较好的抑制活性，一些化合物对黄瓜灰霉病菌的抗性菌有很好的活性。讨论了化合物的结构与生物活性关系。     

新型含肟醚Strobilurins衍生物的合成及杀菌活性研究

Strobilurins类化合物具有优异的杀菌活性, 设计并合成了12个未见文献报道的含肟醚Strobilurins类衍生物, 其化学结构经1H NMR, IR, HPLC/MS和元素分析表征. 初步生物活性测定结果表明, 该类化合物具有良好的杀菌活性, 如6b～6d和6h在500 μg/mL浓度下对小麦白粉病菌的防效达90%以上, 同时, 6c和6d对稻瘟病菌的抑制率也达90%以上, 其中, 化合物6c在25 μg/mL的浓度下, 对小麦白粉病菌的防效仍达72%.     

多溴代双羟基二苯醚的合成与抑菌活性研究

自1981年Brad等[1]首次报道从一种名为Dysides的海洋海绵体中分离出两种天然多溴代2,2′-二羟基二苯醚以来,许多科学家对此类化合物进行了大量的研究,发现它们具有较好的抑菌杀菌能力[2],杀菌效果很好,稳定性好,毒性低,对皮肤无刺激性,无致敏性、无腐蚀性,能抑制致癌的肌苷酸脱     

含1,2,4-三唑杂环的新型Strobilurins衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

为了寻找新的高活性先导化合物, 设计合成了14个未见文献报道的Strobilurins类衍生物, 结构经MS, ¹H NMR, 元素分析确认. 并用X-ray单晶衍射测定了(E)-3-甲氧基-2-[(5-甲基-4-邻溴代苯亚甲基亚胺基-1,2,4-三唑)-3-硫亚甲基]-苯基丙烯酸甲酯(5i)的晶体结构, 证实了分子中的两个C＝C均为E-式构型. 初步生物活性测试结果表明, 在实验浓度下部分化合物具有一定的杀菌活性.     

新型黄烷酮类衍生物的合成、杀菌活性及定量构效关系研究

设计合成了14个含不同性质取代基的黄烷酮类化合物,并采用核磁共振氢波谱、质谱和元素分析对所有化合物的结构进行了表征.在系统测定化合物对水稻稻瘟病抑制活性的IC₅₀值的基础上,采用Hansch-Fujita方法和CoMFA方法对其定量结构活性关系进行了系统研究,结果发现,化合物的疏水性质、极化效应以及最高空轨道能级对杀菌活性有重要影响,化合物的疏水参数越小,分子越容易极化,则化合物的杀菌活性越高.此外,最高空轨道能级越低,化合物越容易接受电子,其杀菌活性也相应提高.通过考察∑π、clgP以及lgK与化合物杀菌活性的相关性,发现lgK能较好地反映该类化合物的疏水效应.三维定量构效关系研究表明,B环2,3,4位上含有较大体积的取代基,而6位含较小体积的取代基,有利于提高其杀菌活性.     

取代苄基吡啶类季铵盐的制备及其杀菌活性

采用吡啶或2-氨基吡啶与取代苄基衍生物反应获得3种苄基吡啶类季铵盐．即：溴化苄基吡啶盐（[Bz—Py]Br）,溴化苄基-2-氨基吡啶盐（[Bz-2-NH2Py]Br）和溴化对硝基苄基吡啶盐（[NO2Bzpy]Br]）．通过元素分析,红外光谱和电子喷雾质谱等手段进行了组成分析和结构表征,并以绿脓杆菌和金葡萄球菌为致病菌体测定了3种盐的杀菌活性．实验结果表明,所制备的3种吡啶类季铵盐具有良好的杀菌性能．     

一种新型杀菌树脂的合成及其杀菌活性的研究

合成了烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵饮用水消毒树脂,并测定了它的杀菌活性,与已商品化的三碘消毒树脂的杀菌性能进行了比较。使用表面活性剂和超声波进行再生可以获得较好效果。     

不同交联剂含量对戊二醛交联壳聚糖膜结构与性 能影响的研究

仔细研究壳聚糖膜的结晶度、溶胀度及其对二价铜离子的吸附量与交联剂戊二醛含量(特别是在戊二醛含量较低时)的关系。结果发现膜的结晶度、溶胀度以及对铜离子的吸附量均在戊二醛摩尔分数为0.25%时达到极大值。结晶度的增大可归结于轻度交联能使壳聚糖分子链在成膜时排列更为有序;而溶胀度和对铜离子吸附量的增加则可认为是交联能使壳聚糖中原先被氢键作用所束缚的氨基获得了自由。     

短裸甲藻毒素(Brevetoxins)的电子结构与构效关系研究

对短裸甲藻毒素衍生物进行了电子结构研究和构象分析,确定了它们的活性部位,探讨了作用方式,讨论了它们的结构-活性关系及受体的相互作用,解释了衍生物之间活性差异的原因。研究结果表明,分子骨架中段环上的烯键,A环及R烯键对活性有重要影响,分子骨架的折曲程度对活性也有较大影响。     

Crosslinking of hyaluronic acid with glutaraldehyde

Hyaluronic acid (HA) was chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to produce water-insoluble films having low water contents when brought into contact with water. The crosslinking reaction was performed using uncrosslinked HA films in acetone–water mixtures. This method could produce water-insoluble HA films with water contents as low as 60 wt % when subjected to swelling with phosphate-buffered saline of pH 7.4 at 37°C. This 60 wt % water content was lower than any values for HA ever reported. There was an optimal HCl concentration around 0.01N for the HA crosslinking with GA in acetone—water mixtures. To get information on the crosslinking mechanism, alginic acid, which possesses hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in one molecule, similar to HA, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and amylopectin, which possess only hydroxyl groups, were subjected to crosslinking with GA. PVA and amylopectin were also found to become water-insoluble after reaction with GA. On the basis of the infrared spectra of these crosslinked films, it was concluded that intermolecular formation of hemiacetal bonds with GA between the hydroxyl groups belonging to different HA molecules led to crosslinking. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 3553–3559, 1997     

Optimization of protease immobilization by covalent binding using glutaraldehyde

Immobilization of a protease, Flavourzyme, by covalent binding on various carriers was investigated. Lewatit R258-K, activated with glutaraldehyde, was selected among the tested carriers, because of the highest immobilized enzyme activity. The optimization of activation and immobilization conditions was performed to obtain high recovery yield. The activity recovery decreased with increasing carrier loading over an optimal value, indicating the inactivation of enzymes by their reaction with uncoupled aldehyde groups of carriers. The buffer concentrations for carrier activation and enzyme immobilization were optimally selected as 500 and 50 mM, respectively. With increasing enzyme loading, the immobilized enzyme activity increased, but activity recovery decreased. Immobilization with a highly concentrated enzyme solution was advantageous for both the immobilized enzyme activity and activity recovery. Consequently, the optimum enzyme and carrier loadings for the immobilization of Flavourzyme were determined as 1.8 mg enzyme/mL and 0.6 g resin/mL, respectively.     

Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol‐grafted Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles through glutaraldehyde

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest owing to their numerous existing and potential biomedical applications. To further explore the potential of MNPs in biomedical and other fields, we have designed and synthesized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer grafted Fe₃O₄ MNPs through glutaraldehyde (GLA) link. The success of this process has been ascertained using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The FT‐IR analysis of resultant MNPs show infrared peak characteristics of PVA. TGA analysis clearly shows two major stages of thermal degradation, one corresponding to organic phase of PVA and GLA and another corresponding to Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. XRD results and SEM images further support the FT‐IR and TGA results and confirm the presence of PVA layer surrounding Fe₃O₄ MNP surface. Under SEM examination, the magnetic cores exhibit somewhat irregular shapes varying from spherical, to oval to cubic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Carboxymethyl chitosan‐montmorillonite nanoparticles for controlled delivery of isoniazid: evaluation of the effect of the glutaraldehyde and montmorillonite

Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, is used for drug delivery application. But its potential application is limited by its low solubility in aqueous media. The present study was designed to prepare carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), a water soluble derivative of chitosan, and evaluate the prospective of crosslinked CMC‐Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles for controlled delivery of isoniazid. The nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Transmission emission microscopy (TEM). The effects of MMT and glutaraldehyde on nanoparticles were assessed with regard to encapsulation efficiency, percentage swelling degree, and cumulative release. Percentage swelling degree and cumulative release were studied in pH medium 1.2 and 7.4 for 6 h. The cumulative release was studied by UV‐visible spectrophotometer. Cell viability study was performed by MTT assay analysis. FTIR and NMR study indicated the successful preparation of CMC. FTIR study confirmed the interaction of MMT with CMC. The exfoliation of MMT layers and molecular level dispersion of isoniazid in CMC was examined by XRD and TEM. SEM study showed that the surface of the CMC‐MMT nanoparticles was smooth compared with those of CMC nanoparticles. Swelling and release of isoniazid from the nanoparticles increased with the decrease in the MMT and glutaraldehyde content. The percentage swelling degree and cumulative release was more in pH 1.2. Cell viability study revealed that CMC was not cytotoxic, and the nanoparticles containing MMT was less cytotoxic than those of MMT free nanoparticles. CMC‐MMT nanoparticles can be exploited as potential drug carrier for controlled release applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Studies on the relationship of structure and properties of the polyesterurethanes adhesives

Three series of linear segment polyurethanes (PHAU, PBAU, PEAU) based on three polyesters (PHA, PBA, PEA), MDI and butanediol were synthesized by solution polymerization. The crystallinity of these polyesters and polyurethanes and the compatibility of Blends of polyurethane (PU) with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, DSC, DMA and phase contrast microscopy respectively. The influence of polyester type and molecular weight, the hard-segment content in PU on the crystallinity of PU and the influence of compatibility on adhesion are discussed. The results showed that, on condition that the hard-segment content was not high (< 25%), the crystallinity in PU was mainly caused by the polyester, soft-segment, which was in the order of PHA PBA PEA, and that, PBAU/PVC, PHAU/PVC were compatible systems, but PEAU/PVC was incompatible. The adhesive strength of the three adhesives was quite different from one another, with the order of PBAU PHAU PEAU. An interpretation of adhesion for the PU-PVC system by the diffusion theory is proposed.     

新磺酰脲类除草活性构效关系的研究

磺酰脲类除草剂具有对环境友好和超高效的特点。本文采用X-衍射谱对其绝对构型进行分析,首次发现分子内氢键的存在。采用各种理论和软件计算,活性结构应符合三点要求：(a)分子内氢键使杂环和脲之间形成一个共轭体系;(b)羰基氧、磺酰氧和杂环氮形成分子中三个负电中心;(c)在磺酰胺与苯邻位取代基之间形成一个空穴。根据以上结论,构建了一个卡口模型,较合理地解释了磺酰脲类草活性的构效关系。建立了一个虚拟靶酶ALS的模拟作用模型,供进一步分子设计ALS抑制剂,包括一些非磺酰脲类先导化合物时参考。     

Studies on pyrrolidinones. Synthesis of N-acylpyroglutamic esters with bactericide and fungicide properties

The best method to prepare N-acylpyroglutamic esters is to react N-trimethylsilylpyroglutamic esters with acid chlorides or diketene. These acylesters possess bactericide and fungicide properties against several microorganisms.