Electrooptic modulation in a multimode exodiffused waveguide

The variation of the phase shifts obtained for different modes of an exodiffused electrooptic waveguide modulator has been calculated.The calculated results have been compared to experimental values obtained by using a scanning Fabry-Perot to determine the relative side-band intensities of the modulated light in different modes if a fixed amplitude (20 V) and frequency (300 MHz) electric signal is applied to the modulator. Good agreement has been found between the predictions and the experimental results.     

Prism-coupled multimode waveguide refractometer

A new refractometer has been developed based on changes in the effective refractive index (RI) of the highest-order TE (or TM) mode in a prism-coupled multimode planar waveguide induced by interaction between an evanescent field and a liquid sample. The waveguide was a 100-mu;m -thick quartz plate fixed on a poly(methyl methacrylate) support containing a flow cell. A pair of prism couplers contacted the quartz plate in the flow-cell region. Such an optical sensor can detect the RI of liquid in a wide range by monitoring the resonant angle of the highest-order mode that changes order number with changes in the sample's RI. When a highest-order mode corresponding to a given RI range is used as the sensor probe, a slight RI change in this range can be detected by measurement of the output light intensity. With this method the sensor was demonstrated to have a resolution of 3x10(-5) for the RI of an aqueous solution. Combining this result with theoretical calculation indicates that the sensor can detect a 0.5-nm-thick monolayer adsorbed from an aqueous solution. Therefore, the sensor is suitable for real-time detection of biomolecular interactions.     

Direct imaging of multimode interference in a channel waveguide

By use of a near-field scanning optical microscope in collection mode, multimode interference was directly measured in an annealed proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguide. Periodic transitions from a single-peaked Gaussianlike intensity distribution to a double-peaked intensity distribution were observed. The intensity distribution along the waveguide was calculated, and the results agree well with the experimental observation.     

The scattering cross section of a resonator in a multimode waveguide

The scattering of sound by a single monopole-dipole resonator in a multimode pipe is investigated. The resonator has the form of a Helmholtz resonator connected through a small bar to the pipe wall. In fact, this resonator is a combination of a monopole resonator and a dipole one positioned at the same point. The scattered fields of these resonators are orthogonal to each other. The scattering cross sections of the monopole and dipole resonators in a multimode pipe are calculated. The scattering cross section of the monopole-dipole resonator is determined as the sum of the scattering cross sections of the monopole and the dipole resonators. The friction in a resonator (the monopole or dipole resonator) reduces its scattering cross section by a factor of (1 + β)², where β is the ratio between the friction resistance and the radiation resistance of this resonator.     

Sound reflection by a resonator array in a multimode cylindrical waveguide

The paper considers the problem of scattering of the mth symmetric mode by an array of Q rings of identical, closely located Helmholtz resonators joined by necks to the walls of a wide circular pipe. The distance between rings is equal to half the wavelength of this mode at frequency ??, equal or close to the eigen-frequency of the resonator ring with allowance for the connected mass and interaction of neighboring rings via inhomogeneous modes. The coefficient of reflection of the mth mode from this grating array is calculated.     

Dynamics of an optical signal in a multimode waveguide structure

A mathematical model of linear dynamic distortions of average signal power in a planar optical waveguide stemming from the intermodal coupling and dispersion of waveguide modes caused by macroscopic bends and irregularities of the optical waveguide surface has been developed on the basis of pulse intermodal scattering matrix. It is shown that the elements of this matrix are determined at a waveguide segment whose length greatly exceeds the correlation scale of the field of irregularities but is much smaller than the normalization length of waveguide modes and are described by rectangular functions with a duration proportional to the relative velocity of the corresponding modes. The dependences of the pulse intermodal scattering matrix on the intensities of absorption, Rayleigh scattering, and optical signal scattering from waveguide irregularities have been established. It is shown that, at waveguide lengths exceeding the normalization length, the optical signal shape becomes almost stable and can be expressed in terms of the pulse characteristic of an integrating circuit. It has been established that irregularities of the film in a bent optical waveguide lead not only to additional attenuation but also to enhancement of multimode distortion. A matrix method is proposed for taking into account these distortions, which is based on the effect of equalization (scrambling) of the signal energy over the spectrum of the bent waveguide modes. The model developed was used to process the experimental data on the dynamics of a signal in a weakly guiding multimode polymer optical fiber in order to estimate the parameters of attenuation and irregularities of the waveguide surface.     

Subwavelength focusing and imaging by a multimode optical waveguide

A simple subwavelength focusing system formed by a straight or bent multimode waveguide is investigated numerically. The simulation results indicate that an appropriately designed multimode waveguide can focus the outgoing waves of a point source and form an image with a full width at half-maximum of less than half a wavelength in the near-field area at the other side of the waveguide. The physical mechanism of the subwavelength focusing for this imaging system is explained.     

过模波导器件的迭代设计方法

从模式保留和转换的角度, 过模波导器件可分为模式转换器、模式保留器和模式综合器. 传统方法只解决其中一种器件的设计或者对器件的某个指标进行改进. 本文在深入分析耦合波理论之后, 提出了过模波导器件的迭代设计方法, 从原理上解决了过模波导器件的设计问题. 该方法能够统一设计三类过模波导器件, 通过添加不同的结构控制方法, 可得到转换效率更高、带宽更宽、结构更紧凑、满足不同工程需求的器件, 而且还能有效设计一些新型器件. 给出了两个设计实例: 双频TM₀₁–TE₁₁模式变换器和光壁馈源喇叭. 双频TM₀₁–TE₁₁模式变换器的两个工作频点为8.75 GHz和10.3 GHz, 波导半径为16 mm, 在两个频点转换效率为99%以上. 光壁馈源喇叭实现TE₁₁模式向高斯束的转换. CST仿真结果验证了这两个器件设计的正确性和有效性. 关键词： 耦合波理论 模式转换器 模式过渡器 迭代法     

斜接弯波导模式转换器

经理论分析得出,一段小曲率半径弯曲圆波导的传输特性和一段与其弯角相同、轴线长度相等的斜接弯波导的传输特性一致,从而提出了一种由多节直圆波导依次倾斜连接构成的TM01-TE11斜接弯波导模式转换器,并介绍了该模式转换器的设计方法,给出了设计实例。优化结果表明,所设计的模式转换器在中心频率上均具有99%以上的转换效率。     

斜接弯波导模式转换器

经理论分析得出,一段小曲率半径弯曲圆波导的传输特性和一段与其弯角相同、轴线长度相等的斜接弯波导的传输特性一致,从而提出了一种由多节直圆波导依次倾斜连接构成的TM01-TE11斜接弯波导模式转换器,并介绍了该模式转换器的设计方法,给出了设计实例。优化结果表明,所设计的模式转换器在中心频率上均具有99%以上的转换效率。     

Structure of the field of a mode group in a multimode waveguide

Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1988.     

Active minimization of acoustic potential energy in a two-dimensional multimode waveguide

Acoustical Physics - The nonlinear inverse problem of active sound control in a two-dimensional waveguide is addressed. To solve the problem, a numerical algorithm based on an exhaustive search for...     

Mode-amplitude transformation in multimode waveguide with quasisinusoidal boundary

Amplitude variations of modes (excited by a point source in a multimode waveguide) due to scattering by an uneven boundary are calculated in a Born approximation. The boundary is a sine curve with a smoothly varying (in space) amplitude. It is shown that amplitude distortions of a given mode are chiefly caused by inhomogeneities located on certain (particular to each mode) regions of the surface. The concept of Fresnel zones for the modes is introduced to simplify analysis of the corresponding effects.Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 440–450, May, 1992.     

Electromagnetic waves propagation in real multimode waveguide structures

A power flow equation describing the power flow of electromagnetic waves in a real multimode waveguide represented by a linear multichannel trasmission system exhibiting an attenuation, dispersion, and an interchannel interaction is solved in three iterative ways. In the case of constant attenuation and constant propagation velocities in all channels and for the convolution interchannel interaction, a closed analytical solution of the problem is presented. Interesting forms of the solution, transfer function, and impulse response of the system which enable us to separate and compare the attenuation, dispersion, and coupling effects independently of each other are derived. The transfer function, the impulse response, and excitation conditions for their measurements are further discussed. Relations which make it possible to compare different experimental data obtained under specific excitation conditions in various laboratories are determined. Finally, a linear system with memory in time is studied and it is shown that the real multimode waveguide as a linear multichannel transmission system can be considered as a general linear system with memory in space.     

New design of a beam-steering thermooptic multimode polymer waveguide switch

We present simulations of a Y-branch directional coupler activated using the thermooptic effect in a multimode polymer waveguide. Microheaters embedded beneath both sides of the waveguide at the Y-branch are used to generate an inhomogeneous temperature profile. Through the thermooptic effect, this temperature profile creates a refractive index profile in the channel waveguide material, which steers the beam to one of the two output branches. We determined the expected thermal profiles using finite element modeling (FEM). The transmission of a basic mode through the waveguide was then simulated using the beam propagation method (BPM). The results show that a high contrast ratio (>90%) can be achieved in response times on the order of 1 ms. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.PACS 42.82.Et; 42.70.Jk; 42.79.Ta