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1.
In this work, nano sized SiC powders were mixed with Mg and B and reacted by either a one-step insitu or two-step method resulted in different level of C substitution. X-ray diffraction shows the presence of Mg2Si signifying that the reaction between SiC and Mg occurred leading to the release of C in samples reacted in one-step method. Moreover, the much reduced value of a-axis indicates C substitution took place. Resistivity measurements showed higher intragrain scattering owing to a higher density of defects and/or impurities. These samples also show higher Hirr and Hc2 at 20 K in comparison to samples with mainly unreacted SiC (hence lower C substitution). More importantly, their Jc’s are more insensitive to high magnetic field (>4 T) at 6 K. However, at 20 K the effect of C content on Jc(H) is less pronounced. Finally, the order of magnitude of Jc(H) at both 6 K and 20 K is rather dominated by pinning.  相似文献   

2.
We have investigated the influence of partial pressure of water vapor [P(H2O)] in the crystallization process on the superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7−y (YBCO) films fabricated by a trifluoroacetate–metal organic deposition (TFA–MOD) method. The starting solution with different compositions of Y: Ba:Cu = 1.0:2.0:3.0 and 1.0:1.5:2.0 were studied. The critical current density (Jc) values of YBCO films fabricated from Y:Ba:Cu = 1.0:2.0:3.0 starting solution significantly increase (1.71 → 2.55 MA/cm2) with increasing P(H2O) from 12.3 to 47.4 kPa. In the YBCO films fabricated from Y:Ba:Cu = 1.0:1.5:2.0 starting solution, high Jc values of over 2.5 MA/cm2 were recognized in a wide range of P(H2O) (12.3–47.4 kPa). One of the reason for Jc improvement is the suppression of coarsening of the secondary phases grains such as Y2Cu2O5 and CuO due to increase in growth rate of YBCO layer in the crystallization process. The Jc values of all YBCO films decreased as P(H2O) increased up to 70.1 kPa. This degradation of Jc values may be caused by difference of crystal growth mechanism in high growth rate.  相似文献   

3.
Angular dependent measurements of Jc were performed on a commercial coated conductor (SuperPower) consisting of a 1 μm thick YBCO layer grown on a MgO IBAD buffer layer. An asymmetric behavior of the angular dependence of Jc (Jc(Ф)) was found with a changing distance between the two peaks at different temperatures and applied magnetic fields. One peak always occurs when the field is oriented parallel to the tape surface, the other smaller peak is located in the perpendicular orientation at high fields, but slightly shifted (by up to 10°) at 77 K and low magnetic fields. This peak shift, the overall Jc(Ф) asymmetry and the influence of fast neutron irradiation on Jc(Ф) are discussed. The spherical defects, introduced by collisions of fast neutrons with the lattice atoms, are randomly distributed, add to the as-grown defect structure and change the critical current anisotropy by altering both peaks.  相似文献   

4.
Considering certain interesting features in the previously reported 166Er Mössbauer effect, and neutron diffraction data on the polycrystalline form of ErPd2Si2 crystallizing in the ThCr2Si2-type tetragonal structure, we have carried out magnetic measurements (1.8–300 K) on the single crystalline form of this compound. We observe significant anisotropy in the absolute values of magnetization (indicating that the easy axis is c-axis) as well as in features due to magnetic ordering in the plot of magnetic susceptibility χ versus temperature T at low temperatures. The χ(T) data reveal that there is a pseudo-low-dimensional magnetic order setting in at 4.8 K, with a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic order setting in at a lower temperature (3.8 K). A new finding in the χ(T) data is that, for H∥〈1 1 0〉 but not for H∥〈0 0 1〉, there is a broad shoulder in the range 8–20 K, indicative of the existence of magnetic correlations above 5 K as well, which could be related to the previously reported slow-relaxation-dominated Mössbauer spectra. Interestingly, the temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity is found to be isotropic; no feature due to magnetic ordering could be detected in the electrical resistivity data at low temperatures, which is attributed to magnetic Brillioun-zone boundary gap effects. The results reveal the complex nature of magnetism of this compound.  相似文献   

5.
We measured resistivity and transport critical current density, Jc, as a function of DC magnetic field and the angle (?) between the surface of the film and the magnetic field on ex-situ annealed, c-axis oriented Bi-2223 thin films fabricated by DC sputtering method. Irreversibility field (μ0Hirr) and upper critical field (μ0Hc2) were determined from the resistivity versus the applied magnetic field graph. It is observed that critical temperature (Tc), μ0Hirr,μ0Hc2 and Jc of the films strongly depend on the direction and strength of the field. While Tc of the film without magnetic field is observed to be about 102 K, it is found to decrease to 90 K (85 K) for the applied field perpendicular (parallel) to c-axis of the film. Not only were μ0Hirr(0) and μ0Hc2(0) values determined from the μ0Hirr and μ0Hc2 versus temperature graphs, respectively, but also penetration depths and coherence lengths were interpreted. Anisotropy of the film was also discussed by means of the change of irreversibility as a function of angle. Moreover at 4.2 K, Jc was observed to be 3000 A/cm2 at zero field; however, it was found to abruptly decrease to 1982 (1 1 2 0) A/cm2 under low magnetic field at ?=0° (?=90°), which indicates that anisotropic Jc behavior of the film is intrinsic. Furthermore, we provided a theoretical analysis of the obtained results in the framework of intrinsic pinning theory of superconductors. Microstructural properties of the produced films were also reinvestigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. XRD patterns indicate that the films are c-axis oriented based on the prominent (0 0 l) peaks. SEM images show needle-like grain structures dominate the surface morphology of the films.  相似文献   

6.
We investigated the dependences of the critical current density Jc on the magnetic field angle θ in YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films with the crossed configurations of the columnar defects (CDs). To install the crossed CDs, the films were irradiated using the high energetic Xe ions at two angles relative to the c-axis. The additional peak around the c-axis appears in the Jc(θ) for all irradiated films. In lower magnetic fields, the height of the Jc(θ) peak caused by the crossed CDs with the crossing angles θi = ±10° was higher than that for the parallel CDs. It is considered that the correlation of the flux pinning by the crossed CDs along the c-axis occurs even in the case of θi = ±25°, which was also suggested by the kink behaviors of the scaling parameters of the current–voltage characteristics near 1/3 of the matching field. In higher magnetic fields, on the other hand, the height and width of the Jc(θ) peak for the crossed CD configurations rapidly reduce with increasing the magnetic field compared to the parallel ones. In the crossed CD configurations, the dispersion in the direction of CDs would prevent the correlation of flux pinning along the c-axis in high magnetic fields, which occurs in the parallel CD configurations due to the collective pinning of flux lines including the interstitial flux lines between the directly pinned flux lines by CDs.  相似文献   

7.
The base alloys of nominal composition (Nd0.75Pr0.25)yFebalanceBx (y=10−9.2 and x=6−19.2) were chosen to study the influence of RE/B ratio, smaller than stochiometric composition on magnetic properties of over quenched and annealed ribbons. From X-ray diffraction analysis of these ribbons, the α-Fe and Fe3B phases were observed along with (Nd,Pr)2Fe14B major phase. The average grain size was calculated using these patterns as: 35 nm for α-Fe, 45 nm for (Nd,Pr)2Fe14B and 22 nm for Fe3B particles. TEM analysis also supported the nano distribution of the above phases. These X-ray graphs support the idea of exchange coupling between hard and soft phases responsible for the observed magnetic properties. In these ribbons the saturation magnetization Js and remnant magnetization Jr increases from 1.19 T to 1.66 T and from 0.65 T to 0.91 T, respectively as RE/B ratio increases. The increase in Js and Jr may be attributed to the presence of exchange coupling between these phases. The corresponding coercivity jHc decreases from 673.33 to 271.33 k Am−1. The maximum energy product (BH)max initially increases from 72.42 kJ m−3to 109.85 kJ m−3 up to RE/B≈1 and then decreases to 58.5 kJ m−3, depending on the shape of second quadrant BH loop. The coercivity mechanism observed from initial hysteresis curve was considered to be nucleation of domain wall.  相似文献   

8.
The magnetic properties of the PrPd2Ge2 and NdPd2Ge2 compounds have been investigated by magnetic measurements, specific heat measurements and neutron diffraction experiments. The PrPd2Ge2 compound orders antiferromagnetically below TN=5.0(2) with an original modulated magnetic structure characterized by a magnetic cell three times larger than the chemical one by tripling of the c parameter. The palladium atom is non magnetic and the Pr moments are parallel to the c-axis with a value of ≈2.0 μB at 2 K. The specific heat measurements clearly detect a low temperature transition for the NdPd2Ge2 compound, interpreted as a Nd sublattice antiferromagnetic ordering below 1.3(2) K.  相似文献   

9.
The magnetic, magnetocaloric, and magnetotransport properties of RCo1.8Mn0.2 (R=Er, Ho, Dy, and Tb) were studied by room temperature X-ray diffraction, magnetization, and resistivity measurements at a temperature interval of 5-400 K and magnetic fields up to 5 T. The Curie temperature of RCo2 was found to increase significantly when 10% Mn was substituted for Co. The effective paramagnetic moments were found to be in reasonable agreement with their theoretical values. A large magnetoresistance (MR) of Δρ/ρo≈−13.5% for R=Ho at T≈153 K for ΔH=5 T has been observed. The maximum relative cooling capacities vary from 467 J/kg at low temperature for R=Er to 202 J/kg at the near room temperature for R=Tb.  相似文献   

10.
Ytterbium tri-fluoromethanesulfonate (YbTFMS) single crystals are prepared from the slow evaporation of the aqueous solution of YbTFMS and the principal magnetic susceptibility perpendicular to the c-axis of the hexagonal crystal (χ) is measured from 300 K down to 13 K. Principal magnetic anisotropy Δχ(=χχ) is measured from 300 K down to 80 K which provides principal magnetic susceptibility parallel to the c-axis (χ) down to 80 K. Very good theoretical simulation of the observed magnetic properties of YbTFMS has been obtained using one electron crystal field (CF) analysis having C3h site symmetry. No signature of ordering effect in the observed magnetic data is noticed down to the lowest temperature (13 K) attained, indicating the inter-ionic interaction to be of predominantly dipolar type. The calculated g-values are found to be g=2.67 and g=2.51, respectively. CF analysis provides the electronic specific heat which gives two Schottky anomalies in its thermal variation down to ∼13 K. The temperature dependences of quadrupole splitting and hyperfine heat capacity are studied from the necessary information obtained from the CF analysis.  相似文献   

11.
The information of the Fe and Tb magnetic moments in [Fe(12 nm)/Tb(15 nm)]25 multilayer was got separately with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements at various temperature. The Tb magnetic moments become to twist with increasing the applied magnetic field, as follows. (1) When the applied field H is less than the coercive force HC, Fe and Tb magnetic moments align anti-parallel, Fe moments being parallel to the magnetic field. This would be due to the ordinary exchange coupling between Fe and Tb magnetic moments. (2) H>HC, a twisted magnetic structure appears when the sample temperature is low, particularly lower than 150 K. This magnetic phase could come from the competition among the exchange coupling, the Zeeman energy and the anisotropic energy.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of continuous layer on CoCrPt–SiO2 granular layer is studied in coupled granular continuous (CGC) perpendicular recording media. In the cross-section transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, magnetic grain in the granular layer shows columnar structure, while Co/Pd multilayer shows continuous layer. The plane-view TEM image of the granular layer shows well-isolated grain structure with average grain size of around 6 nm, and grain-to-grain separation width of around 2 nm. Therefore, the interactions among the grains are negligible (J∼0). By depositing a continuous layer on a CoCrPt–SiO2 granular layer, the grains in the granular layer are magnetically coupled through capping layer that leads to the suppression of magnetic anisotropy dispersion. This CGC structure reduces the coercivity dispersion (ΔHc/HcΔHc/Hc) from 0.26 to 0.15 and saturation field (Hs) from 10.4 to 6.7 kOe. The reduction of Hs and ΔHc/HcΔHc/Hc improves the OW by 21.3 dB. The small ΔHc/HcΔHc/Hc also maintains SNR of CGC media with strong magnetic exchange coupling. Furthermore, the coupling of grains through continuous layer enlarges the magnetic nucleation field (Hn) from 0.4 to −1.7 kOe. Consequently, CGC media shows better thermal stability compared to non-CGC media.  相似文献   

13.
The phase transition and magnetic properties of a ferromagnet spin-S, a disordered diluted thin and semi-infinite film with a face-centered cubic lattice are investigated using the high-temperature series expansions technique extrapolated with Padé approximants method for Heisenberg, XY and Ising models. The reduced critical temperature of the system τc is studied as function of the thickness of the thin film and the exchange interactions in the bulk, and within the surfaces Jb, Js and J, respectively. It is found that τc increases with the exchange interactions of surface. The magnetic phase diagrams (τc versus the dilution x) and the percolation threshold are obtained. The shifts of the critical temperatures Tc(l) from the bulk value (Tc(∞)/Tc(l) − 1) can be described by a power law lλ, where λ = 1/υ is the inverse of the correlation length exponent.  相似文献   

14.
A study of the magnetic and structural properties of Zn1−xMxO powder (where x=0 or 0.01, and M=Mn, Fe or Co) produced by the proteic sol–gel process was undertaken. The sample crystal structure was analyzed by XRD and magnetic measurements were carried out in a SQUID magnetometer. Of the XRD analysis, all samples had hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with P63mc space group, and no secondary phase was observed. It is observed of the M(H) measures at 2 K, that the Co- and Mn-doped ZnO displayed saturation magnetizations (Ms) of approximately 2 and 3.2 emu/g, respectively, and no remanence (Mr) was observed, indicating a superparamagnetic behavior in these samples. However, the Fe-doped sample showed a ferromagnetic behavior with Ms∼0.34 emu/g, Mr∼0.05 emu/g, and coercivity (Hc)∼1090 Oe. Already at room temperature, the M(H) measurements reveal a purely paramagnetic behavior for Mn- and Fe-doped ZnO, indicating that the Curie temperature (Tc) is below 300 K. However, a weak superparamagnetic behavior was observed in the Co-doped sample, indicating that Tc>300 K.  相似文献   

15.
Temperature and field-dependent magnetization measurements on polycrystalline CeMnCuSi2 reveal that the Mn moments in this compound exhibit ordering with a ferromagnetic (FM) component ordered instead of the previously reported purely antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering. The FM ordering temperature, Tc, is about 120 K and almost unchanged with external fields up to 50 kOe. Furthermore, an AFM component (such as in a canted spin structure) is observed to be present in this phase, and its orientation is modified rapidly by the external magnetic field. The Ce L3-edge X-ray absorption result shows that the Ce ions in this compound are nearly trivalent, very similar to that in the heavy fermion system CeCu2Si2. Large thermomagnetic irreversibility is observed between the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) M(T) curves below Tc indicating strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the ordered phase. At 5 K, a metamagnetic-type transition is observed to occur at a critical field of about 8 kOe, and this critical field decreases with increasing temperature. The FM ordering of the Mn moments in CeMnCuSi2 is consistent with the value of the intralayer Mn–Mn distance RaMn–Mn=2.890 Å, which is greater than the critical value 2.865 Å for FM ordering. Finally, a magnetic phase diagram is constructed for CeMnCuSi2.  相似文献   

16.
We analyze the finite temperature behavior of the Sakai-Sugimoto model, which is a holographic dual of a theory which spontaneously breaks a U(Nf)L × U(Nf)R chiral flavor symmetry at zero temperature. The theory involved is a 4 + 1 dimensional supersymmetric SU(Nc) gauge theory compactified on a circle of radius R with anti-periodic boundary conditions for fermions, coupled to Nf left-handed quarks and Nf right-handed quarks which are localized at different points on the compact circle (separated by a distance L). In the supergravity limit which we analyze (corresponding in particular to the large Nc limit of the gauge theory), the theory undergoes a deconfinement phase transition at a temperature Td = 1/2πR. For quark separations obeying L > Lc ? 0.97 ∗ R the chiral symmetry is restored at this temperature, but for L < Lc ? 0.97 ∗ R there is an intermediate phase which is deconfined with broken chiral symmetry, and the chiral symmetry is restored at TχSB ? 0.154/L. All of these phase transitions are of first order.  相似文献   

17.
We have investigated current transport property in Gd1Ba2Cu3O7−δ coated conductor with artificial pinning centers in a wide range of temperature, magnetic field, B up to 27 T, and field angle. Due to the additional c-axis correlated pins, critical current density, Jc in B//c was enhanced and the improvement was observed in wide range of B. On the other hand, around B⊥c below 65 K, the angular dependence of n-value showed a valley-like behavior, although the Jc was increasing. In addition, the temperature dependence of the pinning force density defined as Jc × B was not scaled on an expected master curve. These results indicate the pinning in B⊥c is governed by different mechanism below 65 K and high magnetic field.  相似文献   

18.
The electronic structure and magnetism of Fe3/Crn(1 1 0) (n=1, 3, 5) superlattices (SL) with varying layer thickness have been studied using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method within the first-principle formalism. The results show that the ferromagnetic state is the preferable phase in the ground state. The magnetic moments of the Fe layers are slightly modified by the presence of the Cr layers. The Cr magnetic moments alternate direction from layer to layer, and an antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe and Cr at the interfacial layer is seen. The magnetic moments of the Cr layers are suppressed because there is a strong hybridization between d-states of both Fe and Cr atoms. Only a small moment is found in the Cr layer. The Cr moment alignment is determined by a delicate balance between the different magnetic interaction.  相似文献   

19.
We propose a method for determination of the distribution function P(j) of the coupling energy density j in polycrystalline textured ferromagnetic (F)/antiferromagnetic (AF) film systems. P(j) governs the entire film coupling J and the exchange bias field He and was not measurable until now. The method is verified by torquemetry in a high magnetic field and by reversing its rotation sense. The transition to a new magnetic steady state after rotation reversal is analyzed within a Stoner–Wohlfarth model including thermal relaxation. This transition is completed earlier for strongly coupled grains than for grains with smaller j, which is reflected in the torque curves. We determined P(j) for a sputtered NiFe(16 nm)/IrMn(0.8 nm) film at T=50 K in the hysteretic range of coupling energies and found that P strongly decreases for increasing j.  相似文献   

20.
Based on extensive Mossbauer effect (ME) and magnetization measurements, the orthorhombic AlFe2B2 was characterized as a ferromagnet (FM) because this character is evident as an onset of a FM transition at Tc=320 K and characteristic magnetizations isotherms below Tc. At liquid helium temperatures, the magnetization saturates to μsat≈1μB per Fe atom; a value which is half the one reported for the iron metal indicating a relatively more filled 3d band. The ME analysis revealed a hyperfine field H(0) of 88(2) kOe, an isomer shift (relative to Fe) of 0.50(2) mm/s, and a quadrupole parameter of 0.02 mm/s: all parameters extrapolated to zero Kelvin. The itinerant character of the magnetic moment will be discussed.  相似文献   

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