光学系统设计中全局优化方法的实现

把变尺度法用于光学优化设计中,同时使用了“逃逸函数”技术, 从而实现了光学系统设计的全局优化。在使用逃逸函数时,两个因子H和W的确定是能否“逃逸”优化“陷井”的关键。用这种技术借助于C语言开发的程序成功地设计了一典型的光学系统。     

光学系统设计中全局优化方法的实现

 把变尺度法用于光学优化设计中,同时使用了“逃逸函数”技术, 从而实现了光学系统设计的全局优化。在使用逃逸函数时,两个因子H和W的确定是能否“逃逸”优化“陷井”的关键。用这种技术借助于C语言开发的程序成功地设计了一典型的光学系统。     

在定域法中实现光学全局优化

把不等式法用于光学优化设计中,同时使用了“逃逸函数”技术,从而实现了光学系统设计的全局优化在使用逃逸函数时,两个因子H和W的确定是能否“逃逸”优化“陷阱”的关键用这种技术借助于C++开发的程序成功地设计了一些典型的光学系统.     

逃逸函数算法及其在光学设计中的应用

用阻尼最小二乘法进行光学系统的优化 ,得到的结果往往是评价函数在结构变量空间的一个局部极小值。日本东京工艺大学的一色教授提出了能够跳出此局部极小值继续寻找其它结果的逃逸函数全局优化算法 ,该算法的运行由多个不加或加入逃逸函数的阻尼最小二乘法局部优化组成。描述了逃逸函数的基本原理 ,给出了北京理工大学研制的GOLD软件在加入了这种算法后对光学系统进行全局优化的设计实例。实验证明了逃逸函数算法是提高光学设计效率和质量的一种有效工具。     

混入逃逸函数的实数编码遗传算法优化光学系统

为了得到超多参量光学系统的最佳设计,将标准遗传算法的二进制编码改为实数编码以提高算法的鲁棒性和计算效率,并在评价函数中混入逃逸函数避免优化过程陷入局部极值.用改进后的遗传算法和CODEV对鱼眼镜头光学系统和折反射全景成像系统的设计案例进行光学参量优化,并应用Zemax对两种优化结果进行光线追迹成像模拟.计算结果表明,应用改进遗传算法比混入逃逸函数的遗传算法或CODEV软件优化所得到光学系统的成像质量有明显提高,在优化超多参量光学系统时具有较为理想的鲁棒性和计算效率.     

高分辨率罗兰圆光学系统的色差校正方法研究

罗兰圆光学系统优点众多,但系统中因平凸透镜的使用,导致各特征波长色散后的成像点在罗兰圆附近产生了一定量的偏移量,使得各波长成像点依次排列在一条曲面上。由于目前新型采集器件线阵CMOS或CCD的使用,而这类传感器的感光面是一个平面,因此导致结果产生较严重的色差。提出了一种使用加权最小二乘法拟合像面的色差校正方法,并计算出系统像面的中心偏移距和偏移倾斜角这两个校正参数,将其引入原本罗兰圆光学系统进行色差校正,从而确定线阵光电传感器像面的最佳位置,实现高分辨率。此外在真空紫外光谱中C、 P和S等元素非常重要,可使用本文提出的基于加权最小二乘法的色差校正方法,通过增加这类元素权值占比,实现最优分辨率。最后通过Zemax软件进行光学仿真,完成了罗兰圆光学系统的仿真以及优化。并给出170～410 nm波段点列图的成像宽度仿真以及各元素特征波长在CMOS传感器上所采集到的光谱图,推算出其实际应用中的分辨率,其照度光谱图显示其分辨率均可保持在0.02 nm,接近系统理论最佳分辨率。研究结果表明基于加权最小二乘法拟合像面的方法,可实现罗兰圆光学系统的色差校正,实现高分辨率。     

带电粒子光学系统优化问题的研究

对带电粒子光学系统的优化过程进行了研究,提出将象差的优化与透镜场形的优化分离开来。在象差的优化中考虑含光学参数的隐式约束条件。该优化过程只需做简单的积分运算,因此不必花费时间计算电磁场。在透镜场形的优化中,其优化模型与一般电磁系统的优化完全一样,因而可以采用已经研究的很多的电磁场的优化方法来优化透镜的场形。计算了两个优化的实例。     

基于局部到全局优化策略的倾斜影像定向方法

作为影像位姿解算的传统方法,光束平差法已被广泛应用于倾斜航空影像定向任务;但其高度依赖良好初值的限制条件,导致在导航系统缺失或者导航精度有限的飞行任务中常发生收敛缓慢或收敛失败的问题.因此,为了在初值质量不佳或缺失的情况下进行有效迭代,提出了一种基于局部到全局优化策略的倾斜图像定向方法来提高优化迭代解算的鲁棒性.所提方...     

实现全局优化的一种新途径

提出了一种在光学自动设计中寻求全局优化的新方法；随机抽样法，在与国外流行的模拟退火法作比较讨论的基础上，给出了两个设计实例，双单透镜和双高斯照相物镜，证明本方法是切实可行的。     

Lens Design: Global Optimization with Escape Function

The technique of using the ‘escape function’ for global optimization in lens design is described. This includes how to identify two solutions as independent; the threshold value for this criterion can be chosen to determine how to explore local solutions—rough or fine. Choice of appropriate values for two parameters in the escape function is most important, since this will affect the efficiency of the automatic global optimization process. There are two problems, i.e. giving default values at the beginning of the design, and determining a default rule to change them when the escape is unsuccessful. The latter was solved by assuming a ‘saddle path’ as the best route to escape. An exact solution for the former was not found, but a hint for finding a second best solution is shown based on the statistical study of local minima.     

Lens Design: An Attempt to Use ‘Escape Function’ as a Tool in Global Optimization

In designing lenses with the damped least squares method, the solution obtained by optimization routine is a local minimum of the merit function. To get out of this and seek a different solution, we propose to use an ‘escape function’ as an additional operand of the lens system, to be controlled. Experiments were made on simple models of merit function and the advantage of this technique was ascertained. We also planted this algorithm into OSLO SIX (lens design software by Sinclair Optics) by means of CCL (C-compatible language) and applied it to actual lens design. Experiments convinced us that the method would be an effective tool for global optimization.     

Fast Optimization of Binary Encrypted Hologram Based on Error Correction Method in Optical Security Systems

In practical optical security systems we must consider various circumstances for reading and decrypting encrypted holograms. Binarization of the hologram is best suited for such applications because of the ease of handling encrypted data. However, the decrypted image is greatly degraded by binarization. Therefore, optimization of a binary hologram is essential in using such a technique. In this paper, we propose a fast optimization method of a binary encrypted hologram to obtain a good reconstruction based on the error correction algorithm. In the proposed method, multiple pixels of the binary hologram are simultaneously flipped for the optimization according to the priority for the correction. The time for the optimization is only 3% of that of the simulated annealing method.     

用于光学系统分析的质心配准法

将图像区域像素的统计特征引入活动轮廓模型,提出使分割轮廓所包括区域的质心对应角均方根误差极小的最优搜索方法——质心配准法。质心配准法有效地避免了散斑噪声等图像污染对图像区域分割精度的影响,实现了模糊图像精确的区域分割,求得图像最佳配准参数。对实际光学系统输出的多幅具有较大空时互补性的低分辨率图像进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明：该配准算法具有较高的精度,并在光学系统分析上得到了很好的应用。     

Optimization of Binary Hologram Degraded by Periodic Lattice Structure of Liquid-Crystal Device Panel in Real Optical Security Systems

A numerically generated encryption pattern in practical optical security systems is processed through real display devices such as electronically addressed spatial liquid-crystal devices (LCDs). The pattern to be encrypted must be therefore congenial with electronic interfaces. In usual fact, the quality of a decrypted image in a practical system is greatly degraded due to the mismatch between the desired encryption pattern and the generated pattern without consideration of the device structures, such as lattice structures of LCDs. We take into account lattice structures for the displays of encryption and key patterns in real optical security systems and apply a simulated-annealing like method for the optimization of an encrypted binary hologram. We successfully demonstrate the decryption of holograms by this method.     

Optimization of Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers Based on Arrayed Waveguide Gratings with Fabrication Errors for Transparent Optical Networks

A transparent optical network (TON) composed by optical add-drop multiplexers based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with fabrication errors is optimized for 10 Gbit/s per channel and channel spacing of 25 GHz. The optimization takes into account the effect of inter-symbol interference, amplified spontaneous emission noise accumulation, and coherent and incoherent homodyne crosstalk. Numerical results reveal that AWG fabrication errors can have a high influence on the TON performance; however, in all investigated situations, they do not affect the AWG parameters values corresponding to the optimum AWG frequency response. This surprising behavior is due to the fabrication errors affect mainly the AWG response outside the passband for the required AWG crosstalk level. It is shown that the optimum AWG frequency response is a flat-top response with a mean amplitude response outside the passband lower than ?30 dB and the switch isolation should exceed 30 dB.     

应用粒子群算法进行光学自动设计

将粒子群算法用于光学系统的设计优化中,构造相应的数学模型,并编程实现算法.设计了关于曲率半径r、透镜面之间的距离d和玻璃折射率n等光学系统结构参数的适应度函数,用此函数作为评价函数实现对像差的自动校正.给出用粒子群算法进行光学系统设计的实例.结果证明,粒子群算法可以克服以往光学设计中高度依赖初始结构的缺点,可以自由控制结构参数的搜索范围,从而提高光学系统设计的智能化程度.     

Optimization of Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers Based on Arrayed Waveguide Gratings with Fabrication Errors for Transparent Optical Networks

A transparent optical network (TON) composed by optical add-drop multiplexers based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with fabrication errors is optimized for 10 Gbit/s per channel and channel spacing of 25 GHz. The optimization takes into account the effect of inter-symbol interference, amplified spontaneous emission noise accumulation, and coherent and incoherent homodyne crosstalk. Numerical results reveal that AWG fabrication errors can have a high influence on the TON performance; however, in all investigated situations, they do not affect the AWG parameters values corresponding to the optimum AWG frequency response. This surprising behavior is due to the fabrication errors affect mainly the AWG response outside the passband for the required AWG crosstalk level. It is shown that the optimum AWG frequency response is a flat-top response with a mean amplitude response outside the passband lower than -30 dB and the switch isolation should exceed 30 dB.