辉光放电、石墨阴极溅射/瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱测定镉、铬、铜、铁、镁、锰的研究

本文采用辉光放电、石墨阴极溅射/瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱技术研究了Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn等元素的分析性能。试验表明,此技术具有灵敏度高、无记忆效应等优点,是一项很有发展前途的痕量分析技术。     

阴极溅射原子化的原子吸收光谱分析

在原子吸收光度法中,Russell和Walsh很早就应用辉光放电中阴极溅射的原理做成原子化器。近年Gough等人采用Grimm灯的基本设计,并进行了一些改进做为原子化器对金属和合金进行直接原子吸收分析,取得了良好的结果。但是,从许多有关辉光放电灯的研究中看到,不同成份     

CSGD脉冲及瞬变原子化／原子吸收光谱分析技术

本文介绍了ＣＳＧＤ脉冲及瞬变原子化／原子吸收光谱分析技术的有关理论、仪器装置及分析性能，并将此技术同石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析在灵敏度方面进行了比较。     

大气压电解液阴极辉光放电发射光谱技术的研究进展及应用

近十多年来,大气压电解液阴极辉光放电系统在原子光谱分析中作为一种新兴的检测工具而备受关注。大气压电解液阴极辉光放电发射光谱技术兼具了光谱测量的稳定性、分析元素选择性和传感器测量方便、简洁性等优点。本文综述了基于等离子体的大气压电解液阴极辉光放电发射光谱技术的机理研究、仪器构建及改进和最新应用研究,并总结了该技术的优势及存在的问题,展望了其应用前景。     

smith—Hieftje背景校正法空心阴极灯供电条件的选择

本文提出在原子吸收光谱测定中，采用Ｓｍｉｔｈ－Ｈｉｅｆｔｊｅ法校正背景时，空心阴极灯供电条件（即最佳宽窄脉冲电流）的选择依据和选择方法；并给出２４个常见元素的宽窄脉冲电流的选定结果。     

Smith－Hieftje背景校正法空心阴极灯供电条件的选择

本文提出在原子吸收光谱测定中，采用Ｓｍｉｔｈ－Ｈｉｅｆｔｊｅ法校正背景时，空心阴极灯供电条件（即最佳宽窄脉冲电流）的选择依据和选择方法；并给出２４个常见元素的宽窄脉冲电流的选定结果。     

溶剂萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定盐卤中痕量铷

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱（ＧＦＡＡＳ）研究盐卤中铷的原子化行为和机理,建立了热解石墨管,ＫＮＯ３－ＮＨ４ＮＯ３基体改进剂,１８－冠－６,溴百里香酚蓝,氯仿萃取分离ＧＦＡＡＳ测定盐卤铷的方法。用于测定盐卤中痕量铷,特征质量１．１×１０＾－１０ｇ／０．００４４,加标回收率８９％￣１１０％;相对标准偏差６．２８％（ｎ＝１３）。     

充氘钯空心阴极灯中放电气体的质谱研究

充氘钯空心阴极灯中放电气体的质谱研究杨原，王小如（厦门大学化学系，厦门，３６１００５）关键词充氘钯阴极，辉光放电，氦－４质谱钯吸附氢气及氘气的研究已有报道［１］，在一定操作条件下，钯吸附氘后还可能产生异常效应［２］。金属空心阴极灯已被广泛地应用于物理...     

原子吸收光谱分析

本文是《分析实验室》期刊定期评述中原子吸收光谱（ＡＡＳ）法的第七篇编述文章。本文对１９９７年至１９９８年期间我国在ＡＡＳ领域所取得的主要进展作了简要的评述。内容包括：概述,仪器与装置,火焰原子吸收光谱法（ＦＡＡＳ）,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（ＧＦＡＡＳ）、化学蒸气发生技术,共收集文献３４７篇。     

铜阴极溅射辉光放电在强短脉冲供电时的发射光谱研究

本研究工作以强短脉冲供电和直流供电时辉光放电的伏安特性为基础，详细研究了强短脉冲供电时的电流、脉冲频率、脉冲宽度以及Ａｒ气压力对原子线和离子线强度的影响。实验结果揭示了大电流强短脉冲供电时辉光放电发射光谱的现象。     

稳健线性回归法探讨分析精度与浓度之间的关系

研究分析精度与浓度之间的关系对于分析温度的质量控制具有重要意义。本文以土壤及水系沉积中微量元素为例,研究了不同实验室之间分析精度与被测组分浓度之间的关系。应用重新加权迭代最小二乘法（ＩＲＬＳ）成功地对分析结果的标准偏差与含量之间的关系进行了线性拟合,表明线性关系良好,与经典最小二乘法比较发现,ＩＲＬＳ法具有很好的稳健性,受离群值的影响小,回归结果也更符合实际。     

Investigation on the relationship between analytical precision and concentration with iteratively reweighted least-squares linear regression method

It is very important to investigate the relationship between analytical precision and concentration for quality control and assessment of analytical results. A set of analytical data of trace elements in soil and water deposits (Chinese certified reference materials) was studied for the relationship between the analytical precision of collaboration trials (i.e. reproducibility) and the concentration of the analytes. Iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) linear regression, a robust method, was employed in this study. The linear relationship between the standard deviation and concentration was successfully established. On comparison with the conventional least-squares (LS) method , the results of IRLS linear regression are superior to those of LS.     

Research on the performance of tubular cathode for direct ethanol fuel cell

Through the gel-casting process, the tubular cathode for direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) is prepared using the mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and graphite as the main raw materials. According to the tubular cathode’s physical performance and electrical property tests, the performance of cathode tube is studied at different graphite proportions. As shown by the results of strength test, the strength of cathode tube is better with a graphite ratio from 0 to 40%. It can be found that the linear and volumetric shrinkage of tubular cathode support will decrease with the increment of the graphite content. As displayed by the electrical property tests, the charge transmission ability is extremely close when the graphite surpasses 30%. With 40% of graphite doping ratio, the electrode electrochemical reaction will be reinforced when the temperature gets higher. In the meanwhile, the electricity capacity will be higher when the air flow rate is 100 mL min^–1.     

锂离子电池纳米正极材料

综述了锂离子电池纳米正极材料的研究进展,阐述了这种材料用于锂离子电池的优势和存在的问题,把纳米正极材料分为过渡金属嵌锂化合物、金属氧化物和金属硫化物和其它纳米正极材料。归纳了不同纳米正极材料的主要制备方法,探讨了材料的制备方法与其结构、形貌和电化学性能之间的关系,展望了纳米正极材料用于锂离子电池的未来前景。     

π-Conjugated redox-active two-dimensional polymers as organic cathode materials

Redox-active two-dimensional polymers (RA-2DPs) are promising lithium battery organic cathode materials due to their regular porosities and high chemical stabilities. However, weak electrical conductivities inherent to the non-conjugated molecular motifs used thus far limit device performance and the practical relevance of these materials. We herein address this problem by developing a modular approach to construct π-conjugated RA-2DPs with a new polycyclic aromatic redox-active building block PDI-DA. Efficient imine-condensation between PDI-DA and two polyfunctional amine nodes followed by quantitative alkyl chain removal produced RA-2DPs TAPPy-PDI and TAPB-PDI as conjugated, porous, polycrystalline networks. In-plane conjugation and permanent porosity endow these materials with high electrical conductivity and high ion diffusion rates. As such, both RA-2DPs function as organic cathode materials with good rate performance and excellent cycling stability. Importantly, the improved design enables higher areal mass-loadings than were previously available, which drives a practical demonstration of TAPPy-PDI as the power source for a series of LED lights. Collectively, this investigation discloses viable synthetic methodologies and design principles for the realization of high-performance organic cathode materials.

Redox-active two-dimensional polymers (RA-2DPs) are promising lithium battery organic cathode materials due to their regular porosities and high chemical stabilities.     

All-solid-state Li/S batteries with highly conductive glass–ceramic electrolytes

All-solid-state cells using sulfur-based cathode materials and Li₂S–P₂S₅ glass–ceramic electrolytes were successfully prepared and exhibited excellent cycling performance at room temperature. The cathode materials consisting of sulfur and CuS were synthesized by mechanical milling using sulfur and copper crystals as starting materials. The cell performance was influenced by the milling time for the cathode materials and the cell with cathode materials obtained by milling for 15 min retained large capacities over 650 mA h g⁻¹ for 20 cycles. Sulfur as well as CuS in cathode materials proved to be utilized as active materials on charge–discharge processes in the all-solid-state Li/S cells.     

辉光放电质谱法在无机非金属材料分析中的应用

辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)作为一种固体样品直接分析技术,已广泛应用于金属、半导体等材料的痕量和超痕量杂质分析。近年来,随着制样方法和离子源装置的改进,GDMS同样也能很好地应用于玻璃、陶瓷、氧化物粉末等非导体材料的成分分析。简介了GDMS的基本原理和分析特点,概述了GDMS在无机非金属材料分析的方法以及应用情况。     

Surfactant-Mediated and Morphology-Controlled Nanostructured LiFePO4/Carbon Composite as a Promising Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

The synthesis of morphology-controlled carbon-coated nanostructured LiFePO₄ (LFP/Carbon) cathode materials by surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method using block copolymers is reported. The resulting nanocrystalline high surface area materials were coated with carbon and designated as LFP/C123 and LFP/C311. All the materials were systematically characterized by various analytical, spectroscopic and imaging techniques. The reverse structure of the surfactant Pluronic® 31R1 (PPO-PEO-PPO) in comparison to Pluronic® P123 (PEO-PPO-PEO) played a vital role in controlling the particle size and morphology which in turn ameliorate the electrochemical performance in terms of reversible specific capacity (163 mAh g⁻¹ and 140 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C for LFP/C311 and LFP/C123, respectively). In addition, LFP/C311 demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance including lower charge transfer resistance (146.3 Ω) and excellent cycling stability (95 % capacity retention at 1 C after 100 cycles) and high rate capability (163.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C; 147.1 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C). The better performance of the former is attributed to LFP nanoparticles (<50 nm) with a specific spindle-shaped morphology. Further, we have also evaluated the electrode performance with the use of both PVDF and CMC binders employed for the electrode fabrication.     

Na3V2(PO4)2O2F的合成及其在钠离子电池中的应用

目前,合成Na3V2(PO4)2O2F(NVPF)材料的方法包括高温固相法、水热法、溶剂热法等,这些方法均不利于该材料的大规模工业化生产.本文开发了温和的低温共沉淀法合成NVPF材料,该材料首次放电容量为105.6 mAh·g-1,首次效率为90.16％.经过简单的热处理过程,可以有效去除由于液相合成带来的结晶水以及吸...