关于n阶Euler函数

本文提出了n阶Euler函数的概念,并给出了它的重要性质和计算方法。     

有关数论函数φ(m)的一方程整数解的讨论

令φ(m)是Euler函数,其中m是一正整数.讨论包含Euler函数φ(m)的方程φ(xyz)=7(φ(x)+φ(y)+φ(z))的可解性,利用初等的方法以及Euler函数φ(m)的有关性质,给出了该方程的全部的87组正整数解.     

一类扩展Euler和的表示问题

应用Parseval定理和Nielsen广义多重对数函数的性质,给出了非线性扩展Euler和的Riemann Zeta函数表示.对来自于实验数学中的扩展Euler和∑n=1∞H2n/n2的经验公式给出了严格的理论证明.此方法也适用于求其它扩展Euler和的计算问题.     

关于Euler相关数对

本文研究Euler函数问题.利用初等方法,获得了t≥3时Euler的所有数对(t是正整数),并推广了[2]的结果.     

利用Euler积分计算一些特殊函数的定积分

本文提到的特殊函数定积分，是指被积函数的原函数不能用初等函数表达，但其积分值存在的函数的定积分。Euler积分就是一例。计算这类积分主要是利用变量代换。例如计算Euler积分解作代换X=2t，则：就某些题目而言，若在变量代换的同时，再借助Euler积分，则计算会更简便。下面仅举凡例。方法同（Euler积分的变换）。例4求证当a’＜1时，积分对第一个积分作变换o＋0；一t，对第二个积分作变换点一0一t，对第三个积分作变换0－01一t，故利用Euler积分计算一些特殊函数的定积分@李文华$廊坊陆军导弹学院@李颖$廊坊陆军导弹学院…     

Euler常数与Euler公式

本文首先对Euler常数e给出一种新的表达式,它揭示了Euler常数与Riema-an Zeta函数之间的关系,改进了Euler公式,得到 sum from k=1 to n (1/k)=c+ln n+(1/2·1/n)-(1/12·1/n~2)+(1/120·1/n~4)+?(?/n~6)。 用本文的方法,可得到精确到任意0(1/n~2)阶的Euler 式。     

高阶Bernoulli多项式和高阶Euler多项式的关系

利用发生函数的方法，讨论了高阶Bernoulli数和高阶Euler数，高阶Bernoulli多项式和高阶Euler多项式之间的关系，得到了经典Bernoulli数和Euler数，经典Bernoulli多项式和Euler多项式之间的新型关系。     

方程φ_2(φ_3(n))=3~(ω(n))的可解性

φ_e(n)为广义Euler函数,探讨了含有e=2和e=3时的广义复合Euler函数的不定方程φ_2(φ_3(n))=3~(w(n))的可解性问题.基于广义Euler函数φ_e(n)的性质,借助初等方法给出方程φ_2(φ_3(n))=3~(w(n))的全部20组解.     

广义Euler函数φ_2(n)与Euler函数φ(n)混合的一方程

令函数φ(n)为Euler函数,函数φ_e(n)为广义Euler函数,讨论了方程φ_2(φ(n))=φ(φ_2(n)的可解性,利用初等的方法给出了其成立时正整数n的形式或者n需满足的条件.     

具有割点的标号Euler图的计数

本文讲座了具有k(k≥2）个割点,并且所有割点均分布在一个2－连能Euler图的标号Euler图的计数,在这里给出了有含有n个2－连能Euler图和k(k≥2）个割点,并且所有割点均分布在其中一2－连能Euler图的标号Euler图的指数型生成函数。     

Some recurrence formulas for box splines and cone splines

A degree elevation formula for multivariate simplex splines was given by Micchelli and extended to hold ]or multivariate Dirichlet splines in [8]. We report similar formulae for multivariate cone splines and box splsplines andines. To this end, we utilize a relation due to Dahmen and Micchelli that connects box cone splines and a degree reduction formulagiven by Cohen, Lyche, and Riesenfeld in [2].     

复杂装备研制协调超网络均衡与实现路径

复杂装备研制主体间呈现社会关系、合作关系、协调关系等网络关系,并且相互影响相互作用,其影响复杂装备研制的重要参数。为有效描述在资源环境约束下制造商和供应商的关系,探讨复杂装备研制协调机理与实现路径,本文利用超网络方法,设计了相互影响、相互作用的社会关系网络、协调网络和合作网络的复杂装备研制协调超网络,并将社会关系水平、协调度和合作水平作为超网络的3个决策变量,建立基于关系价值最大、协调成本最低、协调风险最小、合作收益最大、合作风险最小和成本最小等不同偏好下的多目标最优决策模型,构建了复杂装备研制超网络均衡模型,并利用其探讨超网络均衡和实现路径。     

A system-theoretic model for cooperation, interaction and allocation

A system-theoretic approach to cooperation, interaction and allocation is presented that simplifies, unifies and extends the results on classical cooperative games and their generalizations. In particular, a general Weber theory of linear values is obtained and a new theory for local cooperation and general interaction indices is established. The model is dynamic and based on the notion of states of cooperation that change under actions of agents. Careful distinction between “local” states of cooperation and general “system” states leads to a notion of entropy for arbitrary non-negative and efficient allocations and thus to a new information-theoretic criterion for fairness of allocation mechanisms. Shapley allocations, for instance, are exhibited as arising from random walks with maximal entropy. For a large class of cooperation systems, a characterization of game symmetries in terms of λ-values is given. A concept for cores and Weber sets is proposed and it is shown that a Weber set of a game with selection structure always contains the core.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].     

The dynamics of athletic performance,fitness and fatigue

We provide a mathematical dynamic model of athletic performance, fitness and fatigue based on the two well-known principles ‘train to failure’ and ‘use it or lose it’. The anabolic and catabolic processes are modelled with differential equations. Fitness is defined as muscle fitness. We model the work power of any muscle or set of muscles, and the muscle's maximum work power. Parameters are estimated and we present analytical and numerical results. The relationships between performance, fitness and fatigue are demonstrated for various activity scenarios. For example, the model quantifies the exact manner in which the optimal rest period can be determined to maximize the performance on a given day. The model provides realistic predictions, and constitutes a powerful tool which describes the processes by which performance, fitness and fatigue can be regulated and controlled.     

Mathematical literacy in undergraduates: role of gender,emotional intelligence and emotional self-efficacy

This empirical study explores the roles that Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Emotional Self-Efficacy (ESE) play in undergraduates’ mathematical literacy, and the influence of EI and ESE on students’ attitudes towards and beliefs about mathematics. A convenience sample of 93 female and 82 male first-year undergraduates completed a test of mathematical literacy, followed by an online survey designed to measure the students’ EI, ESE and factors associated with mathematical literacy. Analysis of the data revealed significant gender differences. Males attained a higher mean test score than females and out-performed the females on most of the individual questions and the associated mathematical tasks. Overall, males expressed greater confidence in their mathematical skills, although both males’ and females’ confidence outweighed their actual mathematical proficiency. Correlation analyses revealed that males and females attaining higher mathematical literacy test scores were more confident and persistent, exhibited lower levels of mathematics anxiety and possessed higher mathematics qualifications. Correlation analyses also revealed that in male students, aspects of ESE were associated with beliefs concerning the learning of mathematics (i.e. that intelligence is malleable and that persistence can facilitate success), but not with confidence or actual performance. Both EI and ESE play a greater role with regard to test performance and attitudes/beliefs regarding mathematics amongst female undergraduates; higher EI and ESE scores were associated with higher test scores, while females exhibiting higher levels of ESE were also more confident and less anxious about mathematics, believed intelligence to be malleable, were more persistent and were learning goal oriented. Moderated regression analyses confirmed mathematics anxiety as a negative predictor of test performance in males and females, but also revealed that in females EI and ESE moderate the effects of anxiety on test performance, with the relationship between anxiety and test performance linked more to emotional management (EI) than to ESE.     

Semicorings and Semicomodules

In this paper, we introduce and investigate semicorings over associative semirings and their categories of semicomodules. Our results generalize old and recent ones on corings over rings and their categories of comodules. The generalization is not straightforward and even subtle at several places due to the nature of the base category of commutative monoids which is neither Abelian (not even additive) nor homological, and has no nonzero injective objects. To overcome these and other difficulties, a combination of methods and techniques from categorical, homological and universal algebra is used including a new notion of exact sequences of semimodules over semirings.     

On the use of history of mathematics: an introduction to Galileo's study of free fall motion

In this paper, we report on an experimental activity for discussing the concepts of speed, instantaneous speed and acceleration, generally introduced in first year university courses of calculus or physics. Rather than developing the ideas of calculus and using them to explain these basic concepts for the study of motion, we led 82 first year university students through Galileo's experiments designed to investigate the motion of falling bodies, and his geometrical explanation of his results, via simple dynamic geometric applets designed with GeoGebra. Our goal was to enhance the students’ development of mathematical thinking. Through a scholarship of teaching and learning study design, we captured data from students before, during and after the activity. Findings suggest that the historical development presented to the students helped to show the growth and evolution of the ideas and made visible authentic ways of thinking mathematically. Importantly, the activity prompted students to question and rethink what they knew about speed and acceleration, and also to appreciate the novel concepts of instantaneous speed and acceleration at which Galileo arrived.     

τ-CHEBYSHEV AND τ-COCHEBYSHEV SUBPSACES OF BANACH SPACES

The concepts of quasi-Chebyshev and weakly-Chebyshev and σ-Chebyshev were defined [3 - 7], and as a counterpart to best approximation in normed linear spaces, best coapproximation was introduced by Franchetti and Furi[1]. In this research, we shall define τ-Chebyshev subspaces and τ-cochebyshev subspaces of a Banach space, in which the property τ is compact or weakly-compact, respectively. A set of necessary and sufficient theorems under which a subspace is τ-Chebyshev is defined.     

Multiplicative calculus and its applications

Two operations, differentiation and integration, are basic in calculus and analysis. In fact, they are the infinitesimal versions of the subtraction and addition operations on numbers, respectively. In the period from 1967 till 1970 Michael Grossman and Robert Katz gave definitions of a new kind of derivative and integral, moving the roles of subtraction and addition to division and multiplication, and thus established a new calculus, called multiplicative calculus. In the present paper our aim is to bring up this calculus to the attention of researchers and demonstrate its usefulness.