THE INTERACTION OF MELANIN WITH 8-METHOXYPSORALEN: EFFECT ON RADIATIVE and NONRADIATIVE TRANSITIONS. A FLUORESCENCE and PULSED PHOTOACOUSTIC STUDY

Abstract –The interaction of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) with synthetic eumelanin was investigated using static and time-resolved fluorescence and pulsed photoacoustic calorimetry. Due to the strong overlap of the absorption bands of melanin and 8-MOP, a method is presented to account for the systematic errors introduced by the optical filter effect exerted by each absorbing species in the fluorescence and the photoacoustic measurements. As a preliminary step to the understanding of the nonradiative behavior of the psoralen-melanin complexes, the photoacoustic parameters of 8-MOP in various solvents were determined. Spectroscopic data indicate the absence of interaction at the ground-state level, whereas the singlet excited state of 8-MOP is quenched by the pigment; the average fluorescence lifetimes are independent of the melanin concentration, thus indicating a static quenching mechanism. The photoacoustic data show that the quenching process involves an increased intersystem crossing probability, which is almost unaffected by the presence of oxygen, as expected for a molecule essentially acting as a type I photosensitizing agent.     

Dark interaction of 5-methoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen with erythrocyte ghosts: a fluorescence and circular dichroism study

The dark interaction of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) with plasma membranes was studied using human erythrocyte ghosts as a model. In the presence of ghosts, modifications of the fluorescence characteristics of 5-MOP were observed, together with a quenching of the fluorescence of the tryptophan (Trp) residues of membrane proteins (up to 25%). Moreover, the appearance of an induced circular dichroism indicates that 5-MOP is located in a chiral environment. In contrast, only slight effects were observed in the case of 8-MOP. It is concluded that 5-MOP molecules are located partly within chiral protein sites of the membrane in such a way that a F?rster energy transfer can occur from the Trp residues to the psoralen molecules.     

QUENCHING OF THE FLUORESCENCE OF 8-METHOXYPSORALEN BY PROTONS

Abstract— The quenching of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) fluorescence by protons was observed to occur at the diffusion controlled rates in aqueous solutions at room temperature. Enhanced basicity of 8-MOP in the excited state compared to the ground state is expected on theoretical grounds. The fluorescence yield. which we determined as 6.3 × 10^--⁴ at pH 1 is surprisingly low and indicative of extremely fast radiationless decay pathways. The fluorescence lifetime of 8-MOP in neutral aqueous solution is on the order of 1–2 ns.     

Dynamics of L-tryptophan in aqueous solution by simultaneous laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS)

An experimental system for measuring simultaneously photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence signals is described. The simultaneous measurement of laser induced fluorescence and photoacoustic signals provide a suitable method for the study of different quenching phenomena occurring in fluorescent systems. In this paper we report tryptophan solvation dynamics in water using fluorescence and photoacoustic spectra recorded simultaneously by photoacoustic and fluorescence signals as functions of concentration, indicate that quantum yield is maximum at low concentrations. Also, the energy lost in the fluorescence path of tryptophan, due to different quenching phenomena like self quenching, Resonance energy transfer (RET), solvation relaxation, etc. is clearly seen from the photoacoustic signal intensity which increases as the fluorescence intensity decreases.     

硫普罗宁与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

采用荧光技术研究了硫普罗宁与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的结合作用,结果显示硫普罗宁对BSA的荧光猝灭为静态猝灭和动态猝灭共同作用的结果.经研究得到了反应的结合常数、结合热力学性质和结合位点等参数,确定了该药物与BSA之间的作用力类型为疏水作用.探究了金属离子和甘草次酸的共存对硫普罗宁与BSA结合的影响.     

TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOACOUSTIC CALORIMETRY OF TRYPTOPHAN IN WATER AND ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Abstract: Very little has been done in the direct study of nonradiative decays of Trp, indole and derivatives, in spite of their relatively low fluorescence quantum yields. Time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry is an ideal technique for this kind of study: it is very sensitive in the detection of small amounts of heat released and, in principle, allows a broad band of temporal resolution. The photoacoustic apparatus used for our measurements offers a temporal window between 10 ns and 10 μs. The analysis of the waveforms, based on a particular deconvolution method, simultaneously gives the fraction of energy released and the associated lifetime. In a broad sense, time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy can be seen as a complementary method to traditional radiative techniques such as static, time-resolved fluorescence and flash photolysis. The present work presents studies of Trp in different solvents in order to acquire new information about the interaction of this chromophore with solvents. From our measurements the high sensitivity of Trp to solvents is confirmed. The formation of complexes is evident at the excited state (exciplexes), between the chromophore and one or more molecules of solvent. These exciplexes are characterized by having an energy different from that of the singlet and triplet of Trp. Moreover, photoacoustic measurements detect, in water, the presence of another electronic state, which seems to have characteristics similar to a triplet-like state reported in other work.     

荧光光谱法研究注射用头孢美唑钠与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱法研究了注射用头孢美唑钠(Cefmetazole Sodium,CS)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.CS对BSA具有荧光猝灭作用,其猝灭方式为静态猝灭,求出了猝灭常数,结合常数及结合位点数.在297 K和311 K时用Stern-Volmer方程和热力学方程处理实验数据,得到了结合常数KA、热力学参数...     

THE PHOTOCHEMICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN THE TRIPLET STATE OF 8-METHOXYPSORALEN AND THE MELANIN PRECURSORL–3, 4 DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE

Abstract— The photochemical interaction between 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and the melanin precursorL–3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(dopaH₂) has been studied using laser flash photolysis. Triplet excited 8-MOP was thus found to abstract electrons from dopaH₂ ( k ∼ 2 × 10⁹ dm³ mol^-1 s^-1) to form semireduced 8-MOP and semioxidised dopaH₂.The technique of pulse radiolysis was used to establish separately the spectra of (a) the semi-reduced form of 8-MOP at pH 6.5 and (b) the semioxidised forms of dopaH₂ at pH 6.5, 5.8, 4.6 and 3.3. The corresponding λ_max and extinction coefficients found were: for 8-MOP at pH 6.5, λ_max= 350 nm (= 9050 dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1); for dopa at pH 6.5, λ_max= 305 nm (ε= 12000 dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1) and for dopaH at pH 3.3, λ= 305 nm (ε= 5900 dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1).     

THE PHOTOREACTIONS OF 8-METHOXYPSORALEN WITH TRYPTOPHAN AND LENS PROTEINS*

Abstract— We have previously demonstrated that 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) can be found in the lenses of rats injected (i.p.) with this drug, and that its presence can lead to a photosensitized enhancement of lenticular fluorescence. The cutaneous photosensitizing properties of psoralens are thought to be mediated via their excited triplet states, resulting in photoaddition cyclobutane products between pyri-midine bases and 8-MOP. We have now investigated the possibility that similar types of photoadducts could be generated between 8-MOP and the aromatic amino acid residues in lens proteins. Our experiments involved in vitro irradiation (at 360 nm) of aqueous solutions of 0.1 mM 8-MOP plus purified alpha, beta, or gamma crystallins from calf or normal human (under 20 years of age) lenses. UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were measured before and after radiation, and aliquots from all experiments were frozen and kept in the dark for subsequent phosphorescence and EPR spectroscopy. Similar experiments were performed with irradiated aqueous solutions of tryptophan or thymine plus 8-MOP. All controls consisted of solutions kept in the dark. NMR spectra demonstrated that the hydrogen atoms at the 3,4 and 4',5' positions of the 8-MOP molecule were lost following irradiation, suggesting that these two sites were involved in the photoproduct formed between tryptophan and 8-MOP. These studies strongly suggest that 8-MOP is capable of forming photoaddition products with tryptophan and with lens proteins as well as DNA in vivo, resulting in its permanent retention within the ocular lens.     

头孢美唑钠与BSA及纳米银-BSA体系相互作用的研究

纳米银与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)均匀混合形成纳米银-BSA体系,运用荧光光谱,紫外吸收光谱,同步荧光光谱研究了注射用头孢美唑钠(Cefmetazole Sodium for Injection,CS)与BSA及纳米银-BSA体系的相互作用.头孢美唑钠对BSA具有荧光猝灭作用,其猝灭方式为静态猝灭,求出了猝灭常数,结合常数...     

Fluorescence quenching of CdS quantum dots by 4-azetidinyl-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole: a mechanistic study

Fluorescence quenching of CdS quantum dots (QDs) by 4‐azetidinyl‐7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD), where the two quenching partners satisfy the spectral overlap criterion necessary for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), is studied by steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence techniques. The fluorescence quenching of the QDs is accompanied by an enhancement of the acceptor fluorescence and a reduction of the average fluorescence lifetime of the donor. Even though these observations are suggestive of a dynamic energy transfer process, it is shown that the quenching actually proceeds through a static interaction between the quenching partners and is probably mediated by charge‐transfer interactions. The bimolecular quenching rate constant estimated from the Stern–Volmer plot of the fluorescence intensities, is found to be exceptionally high and unrealistic for the dynamic quenching process. Hence, a kinetic model is employed for the estimation of actual quencher/QD ratio dependent exciton quenching rate constants of the fluorescence quenching of CdS by NBD. The present results point to the need for a deeper analysis of the experimental quenching data to avoid erroneous conclusions.     

Study of the interaction between bovine serum albumin and ZnS quantum dots with spectroscopic techniques

The interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ZnS quantum dots (QDs) was studied by fluorescence, UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that the fluorescence of BSA was strongly quenched by ZnS QDs and the quenching mechanism was discussed to be a static quenching procedure, which was proved by quenching rate constant K(q.) The recorded UV-vis data and the fluorescence data quenching by the QDs demonstrated that the interaction between them leads to the formation of QDs-BSA complex. Furthermore, the temperature effects on the structural and spectroscopic properties of individual QDs and protein and their bioconjugates (QDs-BSA) were also researched. It was found that, compared to the monotonically decrease of the individual QDs fluorescence intensity, the temperature dependence of the QDs-BSA emission had a much more complex behavior, highly sensitive to the conformational changes of the protein.     

光谱法研究埃洛石纳米管与溶菌酶间的相互作用

以溶菌酶作为模型蛋白,主要利用光谱法研究了埃洛石纳米管与溶菌酶之间的相互作用。荧光光谱结果表明向溶菌酶体系中加入埃洛石纳米管会出现荧光猝灭现象,猝灭机理符合静态猝灭规律。共振光散射强度的增加可能与埃洛石纳米管-溶菌酶复合物的形成而导致的分子尺寸的增加有关,这与紫外-可见吸收光谱的变化和静态猝灭机理相一致。同步荧光光谱分析表明两者之间的相互作用可能发生在色氨酸所处位置附近,作用过程使溶菌酶的二级结构发生变化,分子链错误折叠,加入浓度为100mg/L和200mg/L的埃洛石纳米管时,通过圆二色谱数据计算出分别导致α-螺旋的含量降低3.28%和6.89%。     

甘氨酸镧（Ⅲ）配合物与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用研究

红外光谱和X射线衍射分析表明甘氨酸与镧(Ⅲ)作用形成配合物。利用同步荧光光谱和荧光光谱探究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和甘氨酸镧(Ⅲ)配合物之间的相互作用。结果可知甘氨酸镧(Ⅲ)配合物与牛血清白蛋白的荧光猝灭为静态猝灭,根据双对数方程处理荧光猝灭数据得到了甘氨酸镧(Ⅲ)配合物与牛血清白蛋白在不同温度下的结合常数Kb和结合位点数n。热力学数据表明配合物与BSA作用主要是疏水作用力。利用同步荧光光谱法研究了甘氨酸镧(Ⅲ)配合物对于牛血清白蛋白的构象影响。     

贝加因与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的分子光谱法研究

利用荧光光谱和吸收光谱研究了贝加因与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,由Van't Hoff方程计算了反应的热力学参数,并根据Stern-Volmer方程计算了不同温度下的结合位点和结合常数.结果表明,贝加因可静态猝灭BSA的内源荧光;二者相互作用的焓变和熵变均大于零,说明疏水作用力是二者之间的主要作用力.与此同时,贝...     

光谱法研究绿原酸与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

利用荧光光谱法研究了绿原酸与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用,考察了不同温度下绿原酸与HSA的结合常数KA和结合位点数n,并研究了Cu2+、Al3+、Ca2+、Pb2+等金属离子对绿原酸与HSA结合性质的影响。基于Frster偶极-偶极非辐射能量转移机理确定了荧光给体HSA与受体绿原酸间的结合距离。     

白杨素磺酸盐与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

合成了白杨素磺酸钠和白杨素磺酸钙两种白杨素磺酸盐衍生物,并分别采用荧光光谱法研究了它们与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。结果表明:两种白杨素磺酸盐对BSA有较强的荧光猝灭作用,根据Stern-Volmer方程得到的荧光猝灭常数,可判断由于与白杨素磺酸盐反应而导致BSA的荧光猝灭均属于静态猝灭。采用位点结合模型公式和Frster非辐射能量转移理论计算了结合常数、结合位点数、结合距离。从计算得到的热力学参数焓变ΔH和熵变ΔS,推断了白杨素磺酸钠与BSA之间的作用力为静电引力,而白杨素磺酸钙与BSA之间的作用力为氢键和范德华力。并应用同步荧光技术研究了白杨素磺酸盐对BSA构象的影响。     

Molecular organization of DHP membrane fragments

The phase transition of dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) bilayered disks has been studied using EPR spectroscopy. In the acid form of DHP, a phase transition temperature exists, that we have monitored through the spin-spin interaction between the nitroxide molecules at high concentration (8%) in DHP bilayers. This spin-spin interaction is due to the gathering of solutes in a fluid defect of the membrane: the border. The fluorescence quenching of two probes by the nitroxide stearic acids in DHP bilayers has been studied by stationary and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The quenching process is mainly static. Both magnetic and fluorescent probes are localized in the periphery of the bilayered disks. An erratum to this article is available at .     

蛋白质对溴鼠灵的荧光增敏及分析应用

实验发现, 牛血清白蛋白可以大大增强杀鼠剂溴鼠灵的荧光. 利用荧光猝灭法考察了溴鼠灵和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用. 结果表明溴鼠灵对牛血清白蛋白的内源荧光有较强的猝灭作用, 两者形成了新的复合物, 属于静态荧光猝灭. 跟据荧光增敏现象, 建立了水溶液中测定溴鼠灵的荧光方法. 在优化实验条件下, 线性范围为5.0×10-8～4.0×10-7 mol/L和4.0×10-7～1.5×10-5 mol/L, 检出限为5.9×10-9 mol/L. 该方法用于渠水中微量溴鼠灵的测定, 回收率为94.1%～101.3%.     

腺苷与人血清白蛋白间相互作用的荧光光谱及分子模型法研究

在模拟人体生理条件下,结合紫外光谱和分子对接模型运用荧光光谱研究了腺苷与人血清白蛋白(HSA)间的键合作用。腺苷有较强的能力猝灭人血清白蛋白的内源荧光,且根据Stern-Volmer方程判断出猝灭机制为静态猝灭。本文运用相应的荧光值和Vant’Hoff热力学方程求得了不同温度下的结合常数(K)以及一些热力学参数,如焓变(ΔH)和熵变(ΔS)。结果表明：键合过程中疏水作用力对新化合物的稳定性起主要作用,这与分子对接模型方法研究的结果基本一致。另外还研究了常见离子对结合常数的影响。