基于压电导率特性识别结构裂纹方法的研究

基于粘贴于外部主体裂纹在压电陶瓷片导率的变化,实验提取出梁系统的变民模态频率。建立了考虑压电陶瓷片影响的裂纹梁的特性方程,根据裂纹梁的固有频率的变化,采用剪切弹簧模拟裂纹的方法,进行了裂纹的识别,结果表明满足一定的识别精度。     

An approximate method of response analysis of vibrations for cracked beams

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FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH BREATHING CRACK USING PERTURBATION METHOD

In this paper, a new analytical method for vibration analysis of a cracked simply supported beam is investigated. By considering a nonlinear model for the fatigue crack, the governing equation of motion of the cracked beam is solved using perturbation method. The solution of the governing equation reveals the superhaxmonics of the fundamental frequency due to the nonlinear effects in the dynamic response of the cracked beam. Furthermore, considering such a solution, an explicit expression is also derived for the system damping changes due to the changes in the crack parameters, geometric dimensions and mechanical properties of the cracked beam. The results show that an increase in the crack severity and approaching the crack location to the middle of the beam increase the system damping. In order to validate the results, changes in the fundamental frequency ratios against the fatigue crack severities are compared with those of experimental results available in the literature. Also, a comparison is made between the free response of the cracked beam with a given crack depth and location obtained by the proposed analytical solution and that of the numerical method. The results of the proposed method agree with the experimental and numerical results.     

Modal analysis of cracked continuous Timoshenko beam made of functionally graded material

Abstract

The article addresses development of the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) for free vibration of cracked continuous Timoshenko beam made of Functionally Graded Material (FGM). The governing equations of free vibration are established for the beam based on the power law of material grading, actual position of neutral plane and double spring model of crack. There is conducted frequency equation of the beam with intermediate rigid supports using the TMM after the transverse displacements at rigid supports have been disregarded. Therefore, the frequency equation is simplified and becomes more useful to compute natural frequencies of continuous FGM Timoshenko beam with a number of cracks. The obtained numerical results show the essential effect of cracks, material properties and also number of spans on natural frequencies of the beam.     

Monitoring structural damage of components using an effective modulus approach

This paper describes a novel nondestructive damage detection method that was developed to study the influence of a crack on the dynamic properties of a cantilever beam subjected to bending. Experimental measurements of transfer functions for the cracked cantilever beam revealed a change in the natural frequency with increasing crack length. A finite element model of a cracked element was created to compute the influence of severity and location of damage on the structural stiffness. The proposed model is based on the response of the cracked beam element under a static load. The change in beam deflection as a result of the crack is used to calculate the reduction in the global component stiffness. The reduction of the beam stiffness is then used to determine its dynamic response employing a modal analysis computational model. Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories are used to quantify the elastic stiffness matrix of a finite element. The transfer functions from both theories compare well with the experimental results. The experimental and computational natural frequencies decreased with increasing crack length. Furthermore the Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories resulted in approximately the same decrease in the natural frequency with increasing crack length as experimentally measured.     

辅助质量块—单裂纹悬臂梁耦合系统固有频率的理论研究及其应用

论文研究了辅助质量块—单裂纹悬臂梁耦合系统的固有频率,用无缺陷悬臂梁固有振型叠加一个多项式来近似拟合含单裂纹悬臂梁的振型,由动力学方法推导了辅助质量块—单裂纹悬臂梁系统的固有频率方程的解析形式,系统频率随着质量块在梁上位置改变而改变,即可得到固有频率曲线,此频率曲线包含了缺陷信息,因此可对固有频率曲线进行平稳小波变换来识别梁上的缺陷.同时用有限元计算结果对上述固有频率理论推导进行验证,有限元结果与论文理论推导结果相一致.最后论文数值计算了质量块大小、缺陷深度、位置等因素对系统固有频率的影响,也探讨了平稳小波变换用于识别损伤,结果验证了该理论推导的可靠性和损伤识别的准确性.     

运动车辆横向振动半车模型分析

通过半车模型, 数值研究平滑路面上运动车辆车体的前两阶横向振动频率. 将车体模型化为两端自由的Euler-Bernoulli梁, 半车模型的车轮模型化为两个弹性不等的弹簧. 建立半车模型的数学模型描述车体的横向振动. 以两端自由的静态梁的模态为试函数和权函数, 通过高阶Galerkin截断计算车体横向振动的频率, 并研究车辆运行速度、车体刚度、弹簧刚度等参数对车体振动频率的影响.     

含多处裂纹梁的振动分析

基于传递矩阵方法,提出了一种计算含有任意处裂纹梁固有频率的新方法。将梁内裂纹模拟为无质量的弯曲弹簧,得到了梁的解析特征方程。通过数值模拟计算,讨论了裂纹数量,以及裂纹位置和裂纹深度对梁的固有频率的影响。通过与文献[4]的计算结果比较,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

A simplified frequency equation and its approximate solution of a beam with an incipient crack from a wave perspective

This paper presents a simplified frequency equation and its approximate solution to predict the modal frequencies of a beam with an incipient crack. The physical implication of the simplified frequency equation is fully described from a wave perspective for the cracked beam with arbitrary support conditions. The approximate solution of the proposed frequency equation is derived from a wave perspective as well. The asymptotic equivalence is demonstrated between the approximate solution and that obtained by the first order perturbation method as the mode number increases. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated through comparison to both numerical results from finite element analysis and experimental data.     

光滑节点插值法:计算固有频率下界值的新方法

将光滑节点插值法用于悬臂梁的静力学,并首次用于旋转柔性梁的频率分析. 采用梯度光滑技术,用线性插值形函数描述梁的位移场,求解4 阶微分方程. 在静力学分析中,将该方法所得梁中各点位移与假设模态法、有限元法及解析解的结果对比,可知该方法虽用简单的线性插值形函数描述梁的位移场,但精度却很高. 进一步研究表明,采用模态高于9 阶的假设模态法会使刚度阵条件数变差,导致结果发散. 在频率分析中,与有限元法、假设模态法和解析解对比,表明该方法一个重要特性:能提供固有频率的下界值,而有限元法和假设模态法只能提供固有频率的上界值,说明该方法结合有限元法在处理无解析解的问题时可以从上下界最大程度的逼近真实解,提高精度. 光滑节点插值法具有形函数结构简单、独立变量少且能提供固有频率下界值的特性,因此,具有较高的推广及应用价值.      

Crack identification method in beam-like structures using changes in experimentally measured frequencies and Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, a technique is presented for the detection and localization of an open crack in beam-like structures using experimentally measured natural frequencies and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The technique considers the variation in local flexibility near the crack. The natural frequencies of a cracked beam are determined experimentally and numerically using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The optimization algorithm is programmed in MATLAB. The algorithm is used to estimate the location and severity of a crack by minimizing the differences between measured and calculated frequencies. The method is verified using experimentally measured data on a cantilever steel beam. The Fourier transform is adopted to improve the frequency resolution. The results demonstrate the good accuracy of the proposed technique.     

梁结构中裂纹参数识别方法研究

以等效弹簧模型来模拟裂纹引起的局部软化效应,将该模型同Bernoulli-Euler梁理论、模态分析方法以及断裂力学原理等结合起来,利用传递矩阵法导出含裂纹梁振动的各种边界条件下的特征方程通解。借助于特征方程,提出两种识别裂纹深度和位置参数的数值方法,最后,通过对含裂纹悬臂梁的分析说明文中方法的有效性。     

Nonlinear dynamic response of an edge-cracked functionally graded Timoshenko beam under parametric excitation

This paper investigates the nonlinear flexural dynamic behavior of a clamped Timoshenko beam made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) with an open edge crack under an axial parametric excitation which is a combination of a static compressive force and a harmonic excitation force. Theoretical formulations are based on Timoshenko shear deformable beam theory, von Karman type geometric nonlinearity, and rotational spring model. Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the nonlinear partial differential equations which are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equation by using the Least Squares method and Galerkin technique. The nonlinear natural frequencies, steady state response, and excitation frequency-amplitude response curves are obtained by employing the Runge–Kutta method and multiple scale method, respectively. A parametric study is conducted to study the effects of material property distribution, crack depth, crack location, excitation frequency, and slenderness ratio on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of parametrically excited, cracked FGM Timoshenko beams.     

带裂纹旋转柔性梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学研究

对具有刚柔耦合效应的带裂纹旋转柔性梁进行建模和动力学特性分析研究。采用晶格弹簧离散模型,利用无质量弹簧模拟梁上裂纹,通过考虑梁变形的二阶耦合项建立了带裂纹旋转柔性梁系统的一次近似耦合动力学控制方程。数值计算结果表明,裂纹的存在会使旋转柔性梁的固有频率降低,并且随着梁转速的增大,这种降低效应呈减弱趋势;值得注意的是,裂纹梁的固有频率与裂纹处的弯矩具有正相关关系。此外,裂纹的存在不仅会使转速变化阶段梁的末端位移响应增大,还会对转速稳定后梁的末端振荡产生显著的影响。     

人行荷载下梁式结构振动分析的DQ-IQ混合法

为了评估人行荷载作用下梁式结构的振动舒适度,利用微分求积-积分求积,即DQ-IQ混合法求解移动荷载作用下梁的振动响应。人行荷载作用下梁式结构的振动控制方程是含Dirac函数的偏微分方程,首先利用IQ法离散与时间相关的Dirac函数,再利用DQ法把控制方程转化为二阶常系数微分方程,最后利用Newmark算法求解微分方程。以某钢结构连廊为例,利用DQ法计算结构自振频率并与解析解进行对比,结果验证了节点选取和边界条件施加的合理性,再利用DQ-IQ混合法和振型叠加法分别计算了不同行走步频下连廊的响应,计算结果表明,DQ-IQ混合法具有较高的可靠性和精确性。DQ-IQ混合法也可以推广到诸如车辆荷载作用下路面或桥梁的动力响应等其他移动荷载下结构的振动分析。     

多孔功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁的自由振动分析

基于Timoshenko梁理论研究多孔功能梯度材料梁(FGMs)的自由振动问题.首先,考虑多孔功能梯度材料梁的孔隙率模型,建立了两种类型的孔隙分布.其次,基于Timoshenko梁变形理论,给出位移场方程、几何方程和本构方程,利用Hamilton原理推导多孔功能梯度材料梁的自由振动控制微分方程,并进行无量纲化,然后应用微分变换法(DTM)对无量纲控制微分方程及其边界条件进行变换,得到含有固有频率的等价代数特征方程.最后,计算了固定-固定(C-C)、固定-简支(C-S)和简支-简支(S-S)三种不同边界下多孔功能梯度材料梁自由振动的无量纲固有频率.将其退化为均匀材料与已有文献数据结果对照,验证了正确性.讨论了孔隙率、细长比和梯度指数对多孔功能梯度材料梁无量纲固有频率的影响.     

磁场中轴向运动导电梁弯曲自由振动分析

研究磁场环境下轴向运动导电梁的弯曲自由振动．首先给出系统的动能、势能以及电磁力表达式,进而应用哈密顿变分原理,推得磁场中轴向运动导电梁的磁弹性弯曲振动方程．在位移函数设定基础上,应用伽辽金积分法分别推出三种不同边界约束条件下,轴向运动梁的磁弹性自由振动微分方程和频率方程,得到固有频率表达式．通过算例,得到了弹性梁固有振动频率的变化规律曲线图,分析了轴向运动速度、磁感应强度和边界条件对固有振动频率和临界值的影响．     

THE STABILITY OF AN AXIALLY ACCELERATING BEAM ON SIMPLE SUPPORTS WITH TORSION SPRINGS

The axially moving beams on simple supports with torsion springs are studied. The general modal functions of the axially moving beam with constant speed have been obtained from the supporting conditions. The contribution of the spring stiffness to the natural frequencies has been numerically investigated. Transverse stability is also studied for axially moving beams on simple supports with torsion springs. The method of multiple scales is applied to the partialdifferential equation governing the transverse parametric vibration. The stability boundary is derived from the solvability condition. Instability occurs if the axial speed fluctuation frequency is close to the sum of any two natural frequencies or is two fold natural frequency of the unperturbed system. It can be concluded that the spring stiffness makes both the natural frequencies and the instability regions smaller in the axial speed fluctuation frequency-amplitude plane for given mean axial speed and bending stiffness of the beam.     

非对称混杂边界轴向运动Timoshenko梁橫向振动分析

研究两端带有扭转弹簧且弹簧系数均可任意变化的非对称混杂边界下的轴向运动Timoshenko梁的横向振动.利用非对称混杂边界条件推导对应任意弹簧系数的系统超越方程以及特征函数.运用数值方法计算系统的固有频率及其相应的模态函数,并研究确定梁的刚度、轴向速度以及边界处扭转弹簧的刚度的影响.通过数值算例,比较7imoshenko梁、瑞利梁、剪切梁和欧拉梁的固有频率随轴向速度的变化,分析转动惯量和剪切变形的影响.     

弹性地基上转动FGM梁自由振动的DTM分析

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,利用广义Hamilton原理推导得到弹性地基上转动功能梯度材料(FGM)梁横向自由振动的运动控制微分方程并进行无量纲化,采用微分变换法(DTM)对无量纲控制微分方程及其边界条件进行变换,计算了弹性地基上转动FGM梁在夹紧-夹紧、夹紧-简支和夹紧-自由三种边界条件下横向自由振动的无量纲固有频率,再将控制微分方程退化到无转动和地基时的FGM梁,计算其不同梯度指数时第一阶无量纲固有频率值,并和已有文献的FEM和Lagrange乘子法计算结果进行比较,数值完全吻合。计算结果表明,三种边界条件下FGM梁的无量纲固有频率随无量纲转速和无量纲弹性地基模量的增大而增大;在一定无量纲转速和无量纲弹性地基模量下,FGM梁的无量纲固有频率随着FGM梯度指数的增大而减小;但在夹紧-简支和夹紧-自由边界条件下,一阶无量纲固有频率几乎不变。