利用起伏界面改善非消声水池中的声功率测量

针对非消声水池的声学测量应用,提出了一种在界面起伏的非消声水池中测量水下声源辐射声功率的方法。基于数值方法分析了在非消声水池中利用起伏界面改善低频声源辐射声功率测量的可行性,进一步在一个尺寸为1.2 m×1.0 m×0.8 m的非消声水池中开展实验研究,测量了水声换能器的辐射声功率。实验表明,相对于界面静止的水池,利用造波装置生成随机起伏界面后,声场扩散性明显改善:(1)水池的Schroeder频率从10015 Hz降低到8370 Hz,辐射声功率的测量范围向低频扩展;(2)结合空间平均技术测得的频响曲线起伏程度减小,与自由场值更接近,辐射声功率的测量结果更为准确。所提方法有助于提高非消声水池中水下目标声学特性的测量能力。     

用时域自易法测量超声换能器灵敏度

超声换能器的灵敏度是实际应用中很重要的物理参量，传统测试方法是在消声水槽中用连续正弦波进行逐点频率测量，过程较繁复，测量频率范围也受到限制，并且不能获得重要的相位信息．本文所采用的时域自易法是一种新颖的换能器核准方法．通过对超声换能器的激励电流和回波电压脉冲进行傅氏变换，可得到灵敏度的幅频相频特性，且具有测量速度快、频带宽和易于操作等优点．把时域自易法所测得结果与频域法测量所得结果进行比较，证实相符．     

四壁倾斜水池点源低频声场特性的理论计算及实验测量

本文对哈船院柴油机水下排气噪声实验用四壁倾斜水池的低频声场特性进行了理论计算和实验测量。在理论上采用边界无法对水池点源声场进行数值模似,并将计算结果与球面波扩展规律进行比较。利用柴油机水下排气管口体积脉动声辐射作为声源在柴油机排气频率范围内和常用测点区域内对水池进行声场特性测量。这一工作对柴油机水下排气噪声的实验研究和理论预报有一定的指导作用。     

声学超材料对低频噪声的消声特性

针对低频噪声较难消除的问题,设计了亥姆霍兹共振腔与声学超材料薄膜耦合的消声结构,在利用有限元软件进行屈曲分析薄膜的临界状态得知声学超材料薄膜结构临界失稳力为0.087 N·m,利用COMSOL声固耦合模块研究薄膜形态对传递损失峰值频率的影响。结果表明:薄膜扭转角度由0°增加到30°时,薄膜总体刚度增加,传递损失峰值对应频率向右偏移了30 Hz,变化并不明显。为了扩大频率偏移范围,在扭转30°的基础上,对扭矩棒施加垂直向下的压力,压力由0 kPa增加到2 kPa,薄膜预应力增大,系统刚度增加,使得传递损失峰值向右偏移了170 Hz。最后搭建实验平台,验证了薄膜在扭转时的频率偏移与仿真基本吻合,在不同压力时频率偏移一致,进而可以实现较大范围的低频率噪声控制。为声学超材料的设计和控制提供有效的依据。     

空间有源消声的微机控制

本文讨论了通用微机控制空间有源消声，以修正的ＰＩＤ算法加上逻辑判断构成的控制软件，使得系统收敛迅速，跟踪速度快，消声效果令人满意，而且系统工作稳定可靠。     

空间有源消声的微机控制

本文讨论用通用微机控制空间有源消声．以修正的PID（比例、积分、微分）算法加上逻辑判断构成的控制软件，使得系统收敛迅速，跟踪速度快，消声效果令人满意，而且系统工作稳定可靠，     

在空间-时间域测量飞秒脉冲

依据飞秒脉冲测量中的空间-时间耦合理论,通过采用空间分辨和光谱分辨在时间和空间域对飞秒脉冲强度和相位进行测量.测量装置主要由两个光学元件组成,实现了空间和光谱干涉.待测脉冲和参考脉冲通过一个绕中心轴转过某一角度的二维衍射光栅,产生倾斜的二维阵列全息图;一个带通滤波片对全息图进行分离,从而每个全息图含有一个唯一的频率.用照相机记录下所有的全息图,可以在时间和空间域再现出待测脉冲,并给出了测量结果. 关键词： 飞秒脉冲 时间-空间耦合 二维衍射光栅 带通滤光片     

一种精确计算换能器空间脉冲响应的快速方法

空间脉冲响应被认为是最有效的瞬态声场计算方法,针对空间脉冲响应直接计算时需要很高的采样频率,导致数据量大、计算效率差的问题,推导了空间点与其在换能器平面的投影点脉冲响应之间的关系,提出了一种计算脉冲响应的快速算法,探讨了计算采样频率和插值采样频率对计算精度和计算效率的影响,研究发现,采用1000 MHz采样频率能够保证精度要求,采用500 MHz作为插值时的采样频率是较优的选择。该方法与直接求解相比,可提高计算效率18倍。     

一种精确计算换能器空间脉冲响应的快速方法

空间脉冲响应被认为是最有效的瞬态声场计算方法,针对空间脉冲响应直接计算时需要很高的采样频率,导致数据量大、计算效率差的问题,推导了空间点与其在换能器平面的投影点脉冲响应之间的关系,提出了一种计算脉冲响应的快速算法,探讨了计算采样频率和插值采样频率对计算精度和计算效率的影响,研究发现,采用1000 MHz采样频率能够保证精度要求,采用500 MHz作为插值时的采样频率是较优的选择。该方法与直接求解相比,可提高计算效率18倍。     

Multichannel time-reversal processing for acoustic communications in a highly reverberant environment

The development of time-reversal (T/R) communication systems is a recent signal processing research area dominated by applying T/R techniques to communicate in hostile environments. The fundamental concept is based on time-reversing the impulse response or Green's function characterizing the uncertain communications channel to mitigate deleterious dispersion and multipath effects. In this paper, we extend point-to-point to array-to-point communications by first establishing the basic theory to define and solve the underlying multichannel communications problem and then developing various realizations of the resulting T/R receivers. We show that not only do these receivers perform well in a hostile environment, but they also can be implemented with a "1 bit" analog-to-digital converter design structure. We validate these results by performing proof-of-principle acoustic communications experiments in air. It is shown that the resulting T/R receivers are capable of extracting the transmitted coded sequence from noisy microphone array measurements with zero-bit error.     

A method for on-line background subtraction in frequency domain fluorometry

Time-resolved fluorescence determinations on biochemical samples are often complicated by contributions from background. In the time-correlated single-photon counting method, background subtraction is a routine procedure. A limitation of frequency domain fluorometry, however, arises from the difficulty of performing this operation. This limitation has become increasingly significant as frequency domain methods are being applied to evermore complex biological systems using the higher-frequency capabilities of modern instrumentation. We have devised a method for such a correction in the frequency domain, regardless of the complexity of the background decay, based on measurement of the background phasor and subsequent subtraction from the sample phasor. This method is applicable to both lifetime and dynamic polarization measurements, and it can be readily implemented on commercially available frequency domain fluorometers. Decay curves may be accurately recovered from samples containing background contributions ranging from less than 5% to greater than 90% of the total signal intensity.     

A two-phase face recognition method in frequency domain

In this paper, we propose a two-phase face recognition method in frequency domain using discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The absolute values of DCT coefficients or DFT amplitude spectra are used to represent the face image, i.e. the transformed image. Then a two-phase face classification method is applied to the transformed images. This method is as follows: its first phase uses the Euclidean distance formula to calculate the distance between a test sample and each sample in the training sets, and then exploits the Euclidean distance of each training sample to determine K nearest neighbors for the test sample. Its second phase represents the test sample as a linear combination of the determined K nearest neighbors and uses the representation result to perform classification. In addition, we use various numbers of DCT coefficients and DFT amplitude spectra to test the effect on our algorithms. The experimental results show that our method outperforms the two-phase face recognition method based on space domain of face images.     

Time-reversal processing for an acoustic communications experiment in a highly reverberant environment

Time-reversal (T/R) communications is a new application area motivated by the recent advances in T/R theory. Although perceived by many in signal processing as simply an application of matched-filter theory, a T/R receiver offers an interesting solution to the communications problem for a reverberant channel. In this paper, the performance of various realizations of the T/R receiver for an acoustic communications experiment in air is described along with its associated processing. The experiment is developed to evaluate the performance of point-to-point T/R receivers designed to extract a transmitted information sequence propagating in a highly reverberant environment. It is demonstrated that T/R receivers are capable of extracting the transmitted coded sequence from noisy microphone sensor measurements with zero-symbol error. The processing required to validate these experimental results is discussed. These results are also compared with those produced by an equivalent linear equalizer or inverse filter, which provides the optimal solution when it incorporates all of the reverberations.     

Design and construction of a low frequency wide band non-resonant transducer

Commercially available low frequency transducers often have a bandwidth of much less than 100%. This paper reviews the current technology for low frequency transducer construction and presents a non-resonant design giving an improved low frequency performance. Small, undamped piezo-electric cubic elements of 2 mm side length are used which operate below their first resonance frequency. In construction, the elements are air-backed and the front faces are bonded to a thin membrane across the end of an enclosure of 15 mm diameter. Using a low frequency excitation signal which has little energy at the first resonance frequency of the elements, an operating frequency range of 200-500 kHz can be achieved. A single element behaves virtually as a point source, but by arranging an array of elements over the membrane, a more collimated beam profile is obtained.     

一种弯张换能器及其共振频率计算方法

提出一种弯张换能器即欧米伽换能器,推导出其共振频率和位移振形函数。把欧米伽换能器分成四个构成部分,利用旋转薄壳理论和压电理论分别求出各部分的能量并进行相加,得到整个欧米伽换能器能量的泛函表达式;把几何边界连续条件和包含待定系数的位移振形函数代入到欧米伽换能器能量泛函中,运用Rayleigh-Ritz法求出欧米伽换能器的共振频率,再把共振频率代入Rayleigh-Ritz偏微分方程和边界方程中求出位移振形函数的待定系数以获得确定的位移振形函数。该方法也被推广到对钹式换能器共振频率和位移振形函数的求解上。上述求解结果与实验结果和数值软件相结合论证了该方法的有效性。可获得以下结论:(1)欧米伽换能器陶瓷片的径向振动与金属端帽顶部的纵向振动同相,减少了声场中的反相分量,易作为低频换能器使用;(2)为解决欧米伽换能器和钹式换能器的优化设计提供了理论支持;(3)文中求解共振频率和位移振形函数的方法,即可以应用在由旋转薄壳组成的弯张换能器上也可以应用在由旋转薄壳组成的其它结构上,具有普遍性。     

Display method with compensation of the spatial frequency response of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator for holographic femtosecond laser processing

Liquid crystal spatial light modulators, which are widely used as display devices for computer-generated holograms, have modulation characteristics that depend on spatial frequency. We describe a method for displaying a computer-generated hologram on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator with compensation of its spatial frequency response. Using this method, we demonstrate a binary phase grating with smaller dependence on the spatial frequency. We also demonstrate application of the display method to holographic femtosecond laser processing.     

A frequency domain numerical method for airfoil broadband self-noise prediction

This paper describes a numerical approach, based in the frequency domain, for predicting the broadband self-noise radiation due to an airfoil situated in a smooth mean flow. Noise is generated by the interaction between the boundary layer turbulence on the airfoil surface and the airfoil trailing edge. Thin airfoil theory is used to deduce the unsteady blade loading. In this paper, the important difference with much of the previous work dealing with trailing edge noise is that the integration of the surface sources for computation of the radiated sound field is evaluated on the actual airfoil surface rather than in the mean-chord plane. The assumption of flat plate geometry in the calculation of radiation is therefore avoided. Moreover, the solution is valid in both near and far fields and reduces to the analytic solution due to Amiet when the airfoil collapses to a flat plate with large span, and the measurement point is taken to the far field.Predictions of the airfoil broadband self-noise radiation presented here are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the predictions obtained using the Brooks approach, which are based on a comprehensive database of experimental data. Also investigated in this paper is the effect on the broadband noise prediction of relaxing the ‘frozen-gust’ assumption, whereby the turbulence at each frequency comprises a continuous spectrum of streamwise wavenumber components. It is shown that making the frozen gust assumption yields an under-prediction of the noise spectrum by approximately 2dB compared with that obtained when this assumption is relaxed, with the largest occurring at high frequencies.This paper concludes with a comparison of the broadband noise directivity for a flat-plat, a NACA 0012 and a NACA 0024 airfoil at non-zero angle of attack. Differences of up to 20 dB are predicted, with the largest difference occurring at a radiation angle of zero degrees relative to the airfoil mean centre line.     

A new temporal method for the identification of source directions in a reverberant hall

The study presented here is related to the reduction of noise in factory halls. The type of factory hall considered here has large dimensions and contain several industrial machines, running 24 h a day. A method is presented to determine the angular directions which provide the main contributions to the sound levels at any point in the hall. These directions correspond to the sources and their images on the walls and on the obstacles. The method is based on the use of cross-correlation functions of sound signals measured on a microphone array. It is adapted to the constraints of the problem (short measurement time, no possibility to stop the machines, small dimensions of the array, etc.). Experimental results are shown first for several test cases carried out in a semi-anechoic room and in a rectangular room, and, then, for the case of a surface-planing machine in a cluttered hall.     

低频响及低采样频率下用布朗运动分析法测量光阱刚度

布朗运动法测量光阱刚度因其简便易行而成为光镊系统参数测量的一种常用的方法，但是由于在低频响或低采样频率时测量结果误差很大，所以主要用在频响及采样频率较高的情况下.将在功率谱分析及实验的基础上，讨论如何在低频响及低采样频率下，用布朗运动法测量光阱刚度. 关键词： 布朗运动 光阱刚度 光镊 功率谱