Polymorphism of phenylpyruvic acid studied by IR, Raman and solid state C NMR spectroscopy

Polymorphs I and II of phenylpyruvic acid are obtained as mixtures of both crystal forms or relatively pure crystals, from different solvents. Polymorph I is more stable than polymorph II at room temperature. Spectral characteristics of these polymorphs are discussed on the basis of IR, Raman and solid state ¹³C NMR spectra. Also, the assignment of the IR features observed in the 1600–1700 cm⁻¹ region is re-investigated by referring to the spectra of heavy-atom substituted derivatives. It is suggested that the C=O stretching band is split by the crystal field for both polymorphs.     

Dawson结构杂多盐催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸

Dawson结构杂多盐催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸;己二酸;环己酮;Dawson结构;催化氧化     

Dawson结构钼磷酸的合成与表征

合成了H_6P_2Mo_(18)O_(62)杂多酸及其四丁基铵盐和四丁基鏻盐,用IR、~(31)P NMR、GV等手段核查其纯度并研究了热稳定性、酸性和氧化还原性。结果表明,Dawson结构钼磷酸较Keggin结构钼磷酸有更强的氧化性。     

两种结构钼磷酸的催化氧化行为

考察了Dawson与Keggin结构钼磷酸的催化氧化行为,并与结构特性进行了关联,结果发现,Dawson结构的杂多酸对氧化脱氢及插入氧反应均有更高的活性。     

Products of reaction of fullerene C60 with fuming sulfuric acid studied by IR and ESR spectroscopy

The products of reaction of fullerene C₆₀ with fuming sulfuric acid were precipitated from a solution with water and triethylamine and studied by IR and ESR spectroscopies. A comparison of the obtained data with the spectra of fullerene, dimers C₁₂₀ and C₁₂₀O, and fullerene polymers produced by photopolymerization allowed the conclusion that fullerene polymers were formed by fullerene oxidation with fuming sulfuric acid.     

Substituent effects in porphyrin dimer complexes studied by IR spectroscopy

A series of lanthanide porphyrin dimers have been synthesized and investigated with IR spectroscopic techniques. The spectra of the porphyrin dimers are compared not only with each other but also with those of their component monomer units. The experimental results exhibit that the IR spectra of the porphyrin dimers are closely related to those of their corresponding monomers. A detailed analysis of the IR spectra between the porphyrin dimers and monomers suggest that the dimer molecules can be treated as regular derivatives of metalloporphyrin monomers despite the symmetries of these two systems being different. The dimerization of the porphyrin rings only result in frequency shifts and intensity changes of the IR spectra. These shifts are attributed to the induced π–π interactions between these two macrocycles. The downshifts of the frequencies observed in Ce(OEP)₂ further indicate that the π–π interactions intrinsically decrease the bond strength of the entire molecule. Additionally, only the relative intensities instead of the frequencies of the ethyl vibrations in the region 2800–3000 cm⁻¹ are observed to be sensitive to the types and the positions of the substituent groups. These observations suggest that these ethyl vibrational modes of the OEP moiety can be used as characteristic bands to monitor subtle deformations of the porphyrin rings caused by the substituent groups in the dimer complexes.     

Distribution of the strength of acid sites in mildly steamed HZSM-5 studied by IR spectroscopy

Steaming resulted in modification of the distribution of acid strength of OH groups. The contribution of less acidic sites increased and new, very strongly acidic hydroxyls characterized by IR band at 3590 cm^-1 appeared.     

Hydration-dehydration of human serum albumin studied by isothermal calorimetry and IR spectroscopy

Based on a comparison of the data on the isothermal calorimetry of the interaction of human serum albumin with water and the adsorption isotherms of water vapor on the protein obtained by IR spectroscopy, an experimental method was used for the first time to study the thermochemical and sorption characteristics of protein hydration-dehydration over the entire range of the thermodynamic activities of water. A mechanism was proposed to explain the relationships between the thermochemical properties, protein water content, and the moistening method.     

Mechanism of 1,2-dichloroethane dehydrochlorination on the acid sites of oxide catalysts as studied by IR spectroscopy

Kinetics and Catalysis - The adsorption of 1,2-dichloroethane on zeolite HZSM-5 and γ-Al2O3 at temperatures from 25 to 400°C was studied by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The forms of...     

Photoinduced coupling and adsorption of caffeic acid on silver surface studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

The effect of light on the caffeic acid (CA) oxidative coupling is studied in aqueous solution and on silver by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). CA can polymerize in aqueous solution or on a metal surface through an oxidative mechanism involving the formation of the corresponding quinone giving rise to characteristic Raman features in each case. We show here that the effect of light in relation to this oxidative coupling is crucial taking place mainly in the solution bulk. The products derived from such polymerization can then adsorb on the silver surface employed for SERS measurements, thus allowing its detection by Raman spectroscopy. The influence of irradiation time and the wavelength of the light employed for the photoinduced coupling was investigated.     

Dawson结构磷钨酸镧催化绿色合成己二酸

通过复分解法制备出Dawson结构磷钨酸镧(La H3P2W18O62·n H2O),采用FT IR、SEM对其进行了表征,并将其用于催化30%H2O2氧化环己酮合成己二酸。考察了其用量、30%H2O2用量、反应时间、反应温度及重复套用次数对己二酸收率的影响。结果表明,自制磷钨酸镧具有Dawson结构,呈椭球状。优化合成工艺条件为:n(环己酮)/n(30%H2O2)=100/500,w(磷钨酸镧)=6.4%(基于环己酮的质量),反应温度100℃,反应时间5.5h。优化反应条件下,己二酸的收率最高可达86.5%。磷钨酸镧重复套用5次,己二酸收率仍可保持为74.1%。     

Uranyl sorption onto gibbsite studied by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS)

Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) was combined with batch experiments to study the sorption of uranium(VI) onto gibbsite (gamma-Al(OH)3). The experiments were performed under ambient conditions in 0.1 M NaClO4 solution in the pH range from 5.0 to 8.5 using a total uranium concentration of 1x10(-5) M, and a solid concentration of 0.5 g/40 ml. Two uranyl surface species with fluorescence lifetimes of 330+/-115 and 5600+/-1640 ns, respectively, were identified. The first species was dominating the more acid pH region whereas the second one became gradually more prominent towards higher pH values. The fluorescence spectra of both adsorbed uranyl(VI) surface species were described with six characteristic fluorescence emission bands situated at 479.5+/-1.1, 497.4+/-0.8, 518.7+/-1.0, 541.6+/-0.7, 563.9+/-1.2, and 585.8+/-2.1 nm. The surface species with the short-lived fluorescence lifetime of 330 ns is attributed to a bidentate mononuclear inner-sphere surface complex in which the uranyl(VI) is bound to two reactive OH- groups at the broken edge linked to one Al. The second surface species with the significant longer fluorescence lifetime of 5600 ns was attributed to small sorbed clusters of polynuclear uranyl(VI) surface species. The longer fluorescence lifetime of the long-lived uranyl surface species at pH 8.5 is explained with the growing average size of the adsorbed polynuclear uranyl surface species.     

Removal of Low-concentration Ammonia from Ambient Air by Aluminophosphates

A series of aluminumphosphate materials was prepared and used as adsorbents for the removal of ammonia at low concentrations. The influence of various preparation parameters, including the pH value of sol, calcination temperature and molar ratio of P/Al, on the structure and surface properties as well as adsorption capacity was investigated. The results showed that large amount of P-OH present on the surface of aluminophosphates was suitable for the removal of ammonia. They were the major source of weak Brönsted acid sites and acted as the main active centers for capturing ammonia.     

Thermal investigation by simultaneous TG/DTG-DTA and IR spectroscopy of new lanthanide complexes with salicylhydroxamic acid

Summary The reaction of a hydrated nitrate salt of lanthanide (Ln=Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Er) with the polyfunctional ligand salicylhydroxamic acid (H₃sha), in the presence of base, afforded solid compounds, insoluble in common organic solvents and in water. The new complexes characterized by means of elemental analyses (C, H, N, Ln), magnetic moment determinations and spectroscopic data (IR, MS). It is proposed that they are neutral, with a possible polymeric structure of the general type: [Ln₂(Hsha)₂(H₂sha)(DMF)_x(CH₃O)(H₂O)]_n×2H₂O Their thermal decomposition was studied in nitrogen and/or oxygen atmosphere, between 25-1000°C by using simultaneous TG/DTG-DTA technique. The IR spectroscopy used to determine the intermediates and the final products. The intermediates at 180°C suggest the formation of N-hydroxylactam complex, which upon further heating gives a carbonaceous residue of Ln₂O₃ at 1000°C in nitrogen, while in oxygen the stable oxides are formed at 600°C.     

三氯异氰脲酸-水杨酸光度法测定植物样品中氨氮

提出了三氯异氰脲酸-水杨酸光度法测定植物样品中氨氮含量的方法。在碱性条件下,三氯异氰脲酸、水杨酸与氨氮发生灵敏的显色反应,生成蓝色化合物,该化合物的最大吸收峰位于660 nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光率为9.78×10~4L·mol·cm~(-1),氨氮质量浓度在6.0mg·L~(-1)以内符合比耳定律,该方法用于植物样品中氨氮含量的测定,结果与元素分析法测定值相符。     

Thermal oxidation of poly(1-trimethylsilylprop-1-yne) studied by IR spectroscopy

Thermal oxidation of poly(1-trimethylsilylprop-1-yne) was studied by IR spectroscopy in the 20—245 °C temperature interval. In the 20—160 °C temperature range, the reaction proceeds predominantly at the C—Me group as revealed by the decrease in the intensity of the bands of the methyl group bound to the C atom and the appearance of the bands of the hydroperoxide and methylene groups. The decomposition of hydroperoxides produces aldehydes and ethers. At 160—200 °C, oxidation occurs via two routes: at the C—Me and C=C groups, while the Me₃Si group remains unchanged. At 230—240 °C, the rate of the reaction occurring at the C=C bond is higher than the rates of the processes involving the MeC and Me₃Si groups. The relative content of the structural units was calculated for the samples oxidized at different temperatures. Plausible mechanisms of thermal oxidation of poly(1-trimethylsilylprop-1-yne) were considered on the basis of the data obtained.     

Crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) with a self-assembly aryl amide nucleating agent probed by real-time infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction

The effect of a self-assembly nucleating agent, N,N′,N″-tricyclohexyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylamide (BTCA), on the crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was probed by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The vibrational changes associated with inter- and intra-chain interactions during crystallization were monitored. In the initial period of crystallization, the order of intensity changes is as follows: 1458 cm⁻¹ > 1210 cm⁻¹ » 921 cm⁻¹, 1458 cm⁻¹ ∼ 1210 cm⁻¹ > 921 cm⁻¹, and 1458 cm⁻¹ ∼ 1210 cm⁻¹ ∼ 921 cm⁻¹ for neat PLA, PLAs containing 0.1 wt% and 0.3 wt% BTCA, respectively. This indicates that BTCA can accelerate both the formation of skeletal conformational-ordered structure and, especially, the 10₃ helix one. The incorporation of BTCA changes the crystallization mechanism but has no impact on the crystal form of PLA.     

Influence of crystal polymorphism on crystallinity calculation of poly(l-lactic acid) by infrared spectroscopy

Vibrational spectroscopic methods have been used to determine the crystallinity of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), which is the most popular bio-plastic today. However, it is found that influence of crystal polymorphism of PLLA on the quantitative method proposed for crystallinity calculation based on IR technique has seldom been considered. Herein, by preparing a set of PLLA specimens with different crystallinity and crystal forms, the absorption coefficient ratios between amorphous and crystal bands for evaluating the absolute crystallinity of PLLA α and α′ crystal form have been derived, respectively. In addition, a comparison of the proposed IR method with other techniques used to analyze crystallinity of PLLA such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is presented. The origin of the disagreement on the results of quantitative measurements of crystallinity by different methods is also discussed. This study provides a simple spectral method to determine the crystallinity of PLLA with various crystal modifications.