3,5-二硝基苯甲酸酯基改性的HEMA/NVP交联微球对肌酐的吸附特性与吸附机理

制备了平均粒径为180μm的甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEMA)与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)交联共聚物微球(HEMA/NVP),使用3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯(DNBC)对其进行了化学改性,制得了表面键合有大量3,5-二硝基苯甲酸酯基(DNBZ)的功能微球DNBZ-HEMA/NVP;采用红外光谱(FTIR)与化学分析法对其化学结构及组成进行了表征;重点研究了功能微球DNBZ-HEMA/NVP对肌酐的吸附特性与吸附机理.静态吸附实验表明,DNBZ-HEMA/NVP对肌酐具有强的吸附作用,交联微球HEMA/NVP经DNBC化学改性后,对肌酐的吸附容量提高了20倍;DNBZ-HEMA/NVP对肌酐的吸附性能受介质pH值及盐度的影响很大;当pH值较小或较大时,吸附容量都较低,pH=8.5时,吸附容量最大;介质的盐度越大,吸附容量越小.研究结果表明,DNBZ-HEMA/NVP对肌酐的吸附属化学吸附,而且是静电相互作用驱动下的化学吸附.     

反相高效液相法测定人血清中的罗哌卡因

 建立了一种简单、快速测定罗哌卡因血药浓度的反相高效液相法。在血清样品中加入布比卡因作内标 ,用二氯甲烷提取 ,氮气吹干 ,残渣用流动相溶解进样。条件 :分析柱为C18反相柱 ,流动相为 0 0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 (pH 3 0 ) 乙腈 (体积比为 84∶16 )溶液 ,流速为 1 2mL·min-1,在紫外检测波长 2 10nm处进行检测。罗哌卡因及内标在 11min内完全分离 ,最低检测质量浓度为 0 0 2 5mg·L-1,在 0 0 5mg·L-1～ 2 5 0mg·L-1时线性关系良好 ,r =0 9997,低、中、高浓度下的回收率、日间及日内精密度均符合方法学要求。方法简便、快速、稳定。     

在氨性介质中用H_2DX光度法测定镍的适宜条件如何确定?

答 :经试验证明满足以下各点可获得适宜测定条件 :(1)氨水在显色溶液中的浓度与 pH值的控制有关。试验表明 ,氨水的浓度必须大于 0 .6mol·L- 1,小于 0 .6mol·L- 1时显色不完全。氨水为弱碱 ,适当过量无明显影响 ,一般控制显色溶液中氨水的浓度在 1.2～ 1 5mol·L- 1之间。(2 )氧化剂碘在显色溶液中的浓度c(I2 )小于0 .0 0 2mol·L- 1时显色缓慢 ,且当镍 (Ⅱ )存在较高时会出现Ni(HDX) 2 沉淀。保持浓度在 0 .0 0 2 5～ 0 .0 0 5 0mol·L- 1时 ,1～ 2min显色反应即完成 ,在30min内稳定不变 (2 0～ 2 5℃ ) ,如室温在 30℃或以上 ,显色…     

3,5-二硝基苯甲酸淀粉酯的合成及应用

高分子吸附剂;3;5-二硝基苯甲酸淀粉酯的合成及应用     

超支化胶原纤维吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附特性和机理研究

超支化聚合物改性胶原纤维(CF-HBPN)作为吸附剂处理含Cr(VI)模拟废水,研究了CF-HBPN吸附Cr(VI)时溶液pH、吸附剂用量和Cr(VI)初始浓度等对去除效率的影响;采用XPS,SEM-EDS等分析检测方法对CF-HBPN表面组成和结构进行表征,探索吸附机理.结果显示:CF-HBPN对Cr(VI)的去除率随溶液pH降低而升高,在pH为3.0时达到最大,随吸附剂用量增大而增大,随Cr(VI)初始浓度增加而减小.CF-HBPN对Cr(VI)的吸附容量随吸附剂用量增加而减小,随Cr(VI)初始浓度增加而增加,最后趋于稳定.30℃时,4.0 g L-1的CF-HBPN对50 mg L-1Cr(VI)溶液的去除率可达99.57%,最大吸附容量为38.94 mg g-1.0.18 mol L-1的NaOH溶液对吸附Cr(VI)后的CF-HBPN解吸效果最好.SEM-EDS分析结果表明CF-HBPN表面较粗糙,是一种具有空间网状结构的材料,吸附过程存在离子交换.XPS分析结果表明Cr(VI)主要吸附在CF-HBPN表面,铬酸根阴离子与质子化氨基的静电吸附作用为主要吸附作用.     

分根法研究镧对水稻生长及其生理参数的影响

用分根营养液培养法研究了镧对水稻生长及其促进作用的生理机制。结果表明:低浓度镧(0 05～1 5mg·L-1)提高水稻产量,增加实粒数;随着镧浓度从0 05增加到0 75mg·L-1,镧降低第一片完全展开叶和根中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;当镧浓度为0 75～9mg·L-1时,镧显著降低叶和根中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性;0 75mg·L-1镧增加叶中赤霉素(GA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量,0 75和3mg·L-1镧增加根中细胞分裂素(iPAs)和IAA含量,但降低脱落酸(ABA)含量;秧苗移栽后46d,0 25～6mg·L-1镧显著增加叶片气孔导度;秧苗移栽后59和83d,当镧浓度分别为15和6mg·L-1时,镧显著降低叶片气孔导度;镧对叶片叶绿素(Chl)含量、叶和根中蛋白质,脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量没有发现显著作用。还讨论了镧促进水稻生长和消除超氧阴离子(·O2-)的可能机制。     

绿色缓蚀剂聚天冬氨酸对铜的缓蚀性能与吸附行为

采用电化学阻抗和极化曲线法研究了绿色缓蚀剂聚天冬氨酸(PASP)对铜在200 mg·L-1的NaCl溶液中的缓蚀性能和吸附行为. 结果表明, 在20 ℃时, PASP使用的最佳浓度为15 mg·L-1, 缓蚀率可达到78.3%, PASP的吸附明显降低了Cl-的侵蚀, 属于阳极型缓蚀剂. 随着温度的升高, PASP的缓蚀性能下降. 在50 ℃时, PASP的缓蚀率下降至40.4%. PASP的吸附行为服从Langmuir吸附等温式,是自发的、放热的过程, 属于化学吸附.     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

③显色及光度测定　将分取的两份试液分别置于100ml容量瓶中,各加硫酸(1+1)25.0ml,加水至约65ml,加入50g·L-1硫酸铜溶液2滴,20g·L-1抗坏血酸溶液(用时现配)2.0ml,摇匀,加入50g·L-1DAPM溶液(1mol·L-1盐酸)10 0ml,加水至标线,摇匀。放置30min,用1cm或3cm的吸收皿,以试剂空白作参比,在400nm波长处测得其吸光度。④工作曲线的制备钛量为0～0.050mg的工作曲线:于一组100ml容量瓶中,依次加入0.010mg·ml-1钛标准溶液0,0.50,1.00,1.50,3.00及5.00ml,各加入20mg·ml-1铝溶液(约1.3mol·L-1盐酸)25 0ml,以下操作同③。钛量为0～0.160mg的…     

硅胶表面上聚酰胺-胺的合成及其对fe(ⅲ)的吸附

用硅烷偶联剂对硅胶表面进行氨基功能化,利用氨基与丙烯酸甲酯发生的Michael加成反应和乙二胺与酯进行的交换反应在硅胶表面合成了聚酰胺-胺树状大分子(PAMAM-SG). 利用红外光谱对PAMAM-SG的结构进行了表征. 研究了溶液pH值、浓度和温度对PAMAM-SG吸附 Fe(Ⅲ)的影响. 结果表明,溶液的最佳pH值为3.0～6.0;吸附速率随时间的增加而逐渐降低,随温度的升高显著升高;在40 ℃时具有较好的吸附性能,吸附3 h后均达到了完全吸附,吸附量达55.85 mg/g. 吸附容量随浓度的增大而增加直至平衡.各代PAMAM-SG的吸附量依次为2.0G＞1.0G＞1.5G＞0.5G＞0G.     

离子选择电极法测定熏蒸剂硫酰氟残留量

利用稀硫酸溶液于 60℃提取粮食中残留熏蒸剂硫酰氟 ,经氮气吹扫 ,用 5mol·L- 1氢氧化钠溶液吸收 ,使其转化为氟离子 ,用氟离子选择电极测定氟离子浓度 ,从而推算出硫酰氟的含量。该法对玉米、大米、豌豆的检出限分别为 0 .5 ,0 .8和 0 .5mg·kg- 1。方法适于粮食中硫酰氟残留量的检测     

浮石负载壳聚糖吸附去除水中丙溴磷

通过浮石负载壳聚糖制备了吸附剂壳聚糖/浮石复合物,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等技术手段表征了吸附剂性质,考察了吸附剂量、吸附时间、溶液pH值、离子强度和温度对该吸附剂吸附去除水中丙溴磷的影响,研究了再生吸附剂的吸附性能。结果表明,负载在浮石上的壳聚糖占吸附剂总量的8.69%;在p H值3.0~7.0内,壳聚糖/浮石对丙溴磷的吸附率大于90%;这种吸附剂对丙溴磷的吸附受溶液离子强度影响较小,随温度升高而稍微减小。在溶液温度25℃、pH=7.0、丙溴磷浓度40 mg/L、壳聚糖/浮石剂量为0.7 g/L和吸附平衡时间为90 min条件下,此吸附剂对丙溴磷最大吸附率为93.3%(最大吸附量为53.4 mg/g)。壳聚糖/浮石连续经过3次吸附/再生循环,每次循环对丙溴磷的吸附率下降约12%。可见壳聚糖/浮石通过吸附可有效地去除水中的农药丙溴磷。     

活性氧化铝及其再生氧化铝对水中氟离子的吸附

Fluoride contamination of water is a problem worldwide and has caused great concern. Our study focused on the removal of fluorides from aqueous solutions using newly prepared and regenerated activated alumina. To obtain a suitable adsorbent, industrial boehmite was calcined from 573 K to 1473 K and the sample was characterized. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the sample was transformed to γ-alumina (activated alumina) at temperatures from 773 K to 1173 K, and the BET dates showed that the specific surface area of the sample decreased gradually from the temperature of 773 K to 1173 K. In our study, the activated alumina calcined from 773 K to 973 K was selected as the defluoridation adsorbent, and dynamic adsorption was employed for the removal of fluorides from aqueous solutions. The breakthrough curves demonstrated that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent decreased with increasing calcination temperature. To investigate the effect of initial fluoride concentration on the adsorption capacity, 15 mg·L^-1, 20 mg·L^-1, and 25 mg·L^-1 fluoride solutions were selected as the initial aqueous fluoride solution. As a result, the capacity of the adsorbent increased gradually with the increase in the initial fluoride concentration. In order to improve the capacity, we also studied the regeneration process in our experiment. When the activated alumina was saturated by the fluorides, it was regenerated with a NaOH solution (pH = 13.0, 13.3, 13.5) and activated with a HCl solution (0.1 mol·L^-1). By a comparison of the five desorption and Al³⁺ dissolution rates during the regeneration process, it was determined that the NaOH solution with pH 13.0 was the most suitable desorption agent. An analysis of the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm showed that its sharpness was almost unchanged after regeneration, which indicated that the pore structure of the adsorbent was not destroyed during this process. The change in the specific surface area and isoelectric point for the five-times regenerated adsorbent were important impact factors for fluoride adsorption. The specific surface area of the regenerated adsorbent increased, and the study of the zeta potential demonstrated that the isoelectric point also increased after regeneration. To observe the adsorption effect of regenerated activated alumina, we performed an adsorption experiment after each regeneration. The breakthrough curves demonstrated that the regenerated activated alumina exhibited faster saturation and increased adsorption capacity compared to fresh activated alumina. To elucidate the adsorption mechanism, IR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the O―H band of the adsorbent. The change in the Al―O―H content of the activated alumina during regeneration was the main factor impacting the fluoride adsorption capacity of the activated alumina.     

接枝微粒PMAA/SiO2在水介质中对杀虫剂抗蚜威的吸附机理

以硅胶表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)的复合型功能微粒PMAA/SiO2为固体吸附剂, 对水介质中的抗蚜威进行了静态吸附实验, 通过考察温度、pH值及盐度(NaCl浓度)对吸附容量的影响, 重点研究了PMAA/SiO2对抗蚜威的吸附机理. 为确认所提出的机理的正确性, 还采用紫外光谱吸收法, 研究了单体甲基丙烯酸与抗蚜威之间的相互作用, 也考察了在非水介质CCl4中PMAA/SiO2对抗蚜威的吸附作用. 研究结果表明, PMAA/SiO2对抗蚜威具有强的吸附作用, 吸附的驱动力是氢键、静电以及疏水相互作用三种作用的协同, 其中主驱动力是静电相互作用. 温度升高, 吸附容量减小; 盐度增大, 吸附容量降低; 当pH<8时, 吸附容量随pH升高而增大; 当pH>8时, 吸附容量随pH升高而减小; 当pH=8 时,吸附容量最大.     

钙蒙脱土吸附镧的影响因素及其应用

以钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT)为载体,研究其对镧(La)的吸附。 采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和元素mapping分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、BET、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)对其晶型结构、表面形态、比表面积、化学结构进行表征,考察了La的初始浓度、pH值、温度对Ca-MMT吸附镧性能的影响,考察了载镧钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT@La)的除磷效果。 结果表明:Ca-MMT投入量为10 g/L时,Ca-MMT的平衡吸附量随镧的初始浓度增加而增大,最大吸附量为49.62 mg/g;随着pH值增大,吸附能力增强,pH=6时为最佳pH吸附镧条件,吸附量为38.36 mg/g;随温度的升高,其吸附量先下降再上升,20 ℃吸附能力最大,吸附量为41.23 mg/g。 Langmuir等温吸附方程推断其吸附属于单分子层吸附。 Ca-MMT不具有吸附磷效果,而Ca-MMT@La对磷酸根有很强的吸附能力,吸附量为7.24 mg/g,除磷率为72.41%,其除磷率随含镧量增大而增大。     

木薯羧甲基淀粉对铜离子的吸附性能

采用搅拌球磨机对木薯淀粉进行机械活化,以活化60 min的木薯淀粉为原料,干法合成羧甲基淀粉吸附剂。考察羧甲基淀粉的取代度、溶液的pH值、Cu2+的初始浓度、吸附时间、羧甲基淀粉的投加量等因素对羧甲基淀粉吸附Cu2+性能的影响。结果表明,该羧甲基淀粉对Cu2+有很好的吸附作用;用取代度为0.841的羧甲基淀粉处理含Cu2+的废水,在pH=7.0、羧甲基淀粉的投加量50.00 mg/L、吸附时间15 min时,羧甲基淀粉对废水中Cu2+的吸附率高达98.80%,处理后的水质达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)中一级标准要求。     

大孔交联甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物的合成及其吸附性能研究(Ⅱ)对磷的吸附性能

前文[1]介绍了大孔交联甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）与三烯丙基氰尿酸酯（TAC）共聚物（GT）的合成及其孔结构性能。本文研究了GT共聚物经与甘露醇进行功能基化反应制得新型吸磷吸附剂（GTG）。并观察了该吸附剂在诸因素（如pH值、温度及时间等）对磷的吸附性能。实验结果表明：该吸附剂在磷酸盐缓冲液中，pH＝7．0时，温度为37℃，磷的初始含量为10mg／dl时，吸附剂对磷的吸附量可达8．60mg／g吸附剂。     

啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Pd2+的物理化学特性

以啤酒酿造厂的啤酒酵母废菌体为生物吸附剂,研究死的啤酒酵母菌体从PdCl₂溶液中吸附Pd²⁺的物理化学特性.结果表明,该菌体吸附Pd²⁺受吸附时间、溶液pH值、菌体浓度和Pd²⁺起始浓度等因素的影响.菌体吸附Pd²⁺是个快速的过程,吸附45min时吸附量达最大,但在最初的3min内,吸附量可达到最大吸附量的92%.在5～60℃范围内,吸附作用不受温度影响.吸附作用的最适pH值为3.5.在Pd²⁺起始质量浓度为30～300mg/L范围内和菌体质量浓度为2g/L的条件下,菌体对Pd²⁺的吸附作用符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型.在pH=3.5,Pd²⁺与菌体质量比为0.2和30℃条件下吸附60min,吸附量达94.5mg/g.从废钯催化剂处理液回收钯,吸附量为32.2mg/g.XPS分析表明,该菌体能吸附水溶液中的Pd²⁺.TEM结果表明,在无外加电子供体时,死的啤酒酵母废菌体能够吸附和还原溶液中的Pd²⁺成Pd⁰微粒,Pd⁰微粒可进一步形成有一定形状的钯晶粒;该菌体还能使吸附在γ-Al₂O₃上的Pd²⁺还原成Pd⁰.     

含氨基聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯树脂对胆红素的吸附性能研究

以交联聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯树脂为载体,以己二胺和多乙烯多胺为功能基制备了一系列胆红素吸附剂,研究了它们在不同吸附温度、离子强度和胆红素浓度等条件下,对胆红素的吸附性能的影响.研究表明,该类吸附剂对胆红素具有良好的吸附性能,其中以己二胺和质子化己二胺为功能基的吸附剂对胆红素的吸附作用最佳.     

由单层薄水铝石制备的活性氧化铝处理水中氟离子

The preparation of high-efficiency and low-cost adsorbents for the defluoridation of drinking water remains a huge challenge. In this study, single-layer and multi-layer boehmite were first synthesized via an organic-free method, and active alumina used for fluoride removal from water was obtained from the boehmite. The advantage of a single layer is that more aluminum is exposed to the surface, which can provide more adsorption sites for fluoride. The active alumina adsorbent derived from single-layer boehmite exhibits a high specific surface area and excellent adsorption capacity. The high surface area ensures a high adsorption capacity, and the organic-free synthesis method lowers the preparation cost. The as-prepared adsorbent was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The single-layer structure of boehmite was determined from the simulated XRD diffraction pattern of single-layer boehmite. The disappearance of the (020) diffraction peak of boehmite illustrates that the dimensions in the b direction are extremely small, and according to the XRD simulation results, the single-layer structure of boehmite could be determined. Single-layer boehmite with a surface area of 789.4 m²·g^-1 was formed first. The active alumina obtained from the boehmite had a surface area of 678.4 m²·g^-1, and the pore volume was 3.20 cm³·g^-1. The fluoride adsorption of the active alumina was systematically studied as a function of the adsorbent dosage, contact time, concentration, co-existing anions, and pH. The fluoride adsorption capacity of the active alumina obtained from the single-layer boehmite reached up to 67.6 mg·g^-1, which is higher than those of most alumina adsorbents reported in the literature. The adsorption capacities of the active alumina are related to the specific surface area and the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface. Dosages of 0.6, 1.0, and 2.6 g·L^-1 of active alumina were able to lower the 10, 20, and 50 mg·L^-1 fluoride solutions, respectively, below the maximum permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water in China (1.0 mg·L^-1), suggesting that the active alumina synthesized in this work is a promising adsorbent for defluoridation of drinking water. In addition, the fluoride adsorption is applicable in a wide pH range from 4 to 9 and is mainly interfered by SO₄^2- and PO₄^3-. Further investigation suggested that the fluoride adsorption of the active alumina follows the pseudo second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model     

亚铁氰化铜-聚丙烯酰胺/羧甲基纤维素/石墨烯复合水凝胶的制备及铷吸附性能

铷是一种稀贵的碱金属,具有很高的经济价值和广阔应用前景,从卤水中有效提取铷具有重要意义。通过热引发聚合法合成水凝胶基质（聚丙烯酰胺/羧甲基纤维素/氧化石墨烯水凝胶,PCG）固定亚铁氰化铜（KCuFC）,制备了一种新型的铷（Rb⁺）吸附剂（KCuFC-PCG）。采用物理化学方法对KCuFC-PCG的结构和性质进行了表征。通过批量吸附实验,研究了pH值、吸附时间、Rb⁺初始质量浓度、温度和竞争离子对吸附的影响。结果表明,KCuFC-PCG吸附剂在pH值（5～9）范围内表现出良好的吸附能力,pH=8时表现最佳;在Rb⁺质量浓度为5 mg/L,pH=8,吸附6 h达到吸附平衡,KCuFC-PCG的对Rb⁺的吸附量为89.12 mg/g;动力学行为可用准二级动力学模型来描述,表明化学吸附为速率控制步骤;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,为单分子层吸附,最大吸附量为258.4 mg/g。以0.2 mol/L NH₄Cl作为解吸剂,解吸3 h,解吸率为77%。