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一个由中英德美多国天文学家组成的工作小组近期在距离太阳系5000光年的玫瑰巨分子云核心大质量星形成区域发现了一个处于早期演化阶段的罕见的年轻大质量恒星系统。据估算,中心星体的质量大约为20个太阳质量。观测表明,该大质量星在其形成的吸积塌缩过程中产生的强大紫外辐射正以大张角电离星风的形式从恒星的两极喷射而出,在近红外宽带和分子氢发射线窄带成像中表现为一个沙漏状的双极电离氢区。 相似文献
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恒星是宇宙的基本天体,理解恒星的起源和早期演化是天体物理最有举的课题之一,目前了解的恒星形成的一个基本图象是,恒星是由一个足够大质量的星际分子气体云在其其自引力作用下塌缩而形成。在早期塌缩过程中形成一颗原恒星(胚胎),并且伴随该原恒星的吸积盘,原恒星吸积星际介质中的分子物质,通过吸积盘转移到原恒星表面,原恒星的质量随着增大。在吸积过程中也同时伴随物质向外的剧烈喷发,由于盘的存在,这种喷发通常沿垂直于盘的方向进行,出现双极的空间分布。在天文观测上,一种典型的表现是分子气体的外向流,观测表现为从原恒星双极的红蓝移气体运动^[1]。由于恒星形成了星际分子中,因此,对星际分子的谱线探测是研究恒星形成的强有力手段,现在已经发现和证认的星际分子总数有一百多种,其中丰富度最高的气体是H2。在所有的星际分子中,丰度仅次于H2的CO分子的转动跃迁谱易激发,相对于星际介质的不透明度小,观测上易于实现,因此,CO分子就成为探索原恒星形成的有力探针,在毫米波段出现的J=1-0和J=2-1跃迁变线以及CO同位素的谱线是最常使用的观测探针,八十年代以来又陆续发现了环形分子SiC2,C3H,C3H2及含磷分子PN和CN等,给宇宙中有机世界的探测提供了丰富的线索。我们对恒形成区内存在的低温原恒星天体进行毫米 波射电谱线观测,测量该原恒星周围分子气体的分布,其物理化学参数,以及速度场分布。根据这些测量结果并运用成熟的数量方法,分析正在发生的物理化学过程,特别是原恒星质量外流的过程。根据观测分析结果得出所观测天体的形成和演化状况。 相似文献
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一、黑洞 现在已有越来越多的证据证实黑洞的存在,那么黑洞是怎么产生的呢?一是宇宙形成时就产生了一些黑洞,再就是恒星的坍缩产物中有一种是黑洞.大恒星的坍缩产物就是黑洞.现在间接观测和推断的结论是:不仅各大星系中都有黑洞,而且在某些星系中心也都有一个大黑洞. 二、暗物质 所谓暗物质就是不能用光学方法直接探测到的物质.理论上认为,暗物质本身既不发光,又不与光发生作用(比如,它不反射光),只存在万有引力.按现有的天体物理理论计算暗物质占整个宇宙质量的90%.而我们能观测到的各星系质量仅占整个宇宙质量的10… 相似文献
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天体物理学讲座第二讲 活动星系核物理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
星系的活动是星系核心大质量黑洞吸积周围的气体释放巨大的辐射功率的过程,它是强引力场物理,高能物理和辐射流体物理的天然实验室,文章介绍了活动星系核中黑洞吸积,发射线形成和外流的观测事实和基本物理过程等,指出了现有理论存在的一些问题。 相似文献
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Jonathan P. Williams 《Contemporary Physics》2013,54(5):381-396
Our Sun, like all stars, formed within a cold molecular cloud. Astronomical observations and theory provide considerable detail into this process. Yet cosmochemical observations of short-lived radionuclides in primitive meteorites, in particular 60Fe, provide unequivocal evidence that the early solar system inherited fresh nucleosynthetic material from the core of a hot, massive star, almost certainly ejected in a supernova explosion. I give a short introduction to the fields of star formation and meteoritics and discuss how the reconciliation of their disparate clues to our origin places strong constraints on the environment of the solar birthplace. Direct injection of supernova ejecta into a protoplanetary disc or a dense molecular core is unlikely since their small sizes require placement unusually close to the massive star. Lower density molecular cloud clumps can capture more ejecta but the radionuclides decay during the slow gravitational collapse. The most likely scenario is on the largest scales via the formation of enriched molecular clouds at the intersection of colliding supernova bubbles in spiral arms. 相似文献
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F. W. Giacobbe 《Pramana》2003,60(3):415-422
An analytical method of estimating the mass of a stellar iron core, just prior to core collapse, is described in this paper.
The method employed depends, in part, upon an estimate of the true relativistic mass increase experienced by electrons within
a highly compressed iron core, just prior to core collapse, and is significantly different from a more typical Chandrasekhar
mass limit approach. This technique produced a maximum stellar iron core mass value of 269 × 1030 kg (1.35 solar masses). This mass value is very near to the typical mass values found for neutron stars in a recent survey
of actual neutron star masses. Although slightly lower and higher neutron star masses may also be found, lower mass neutron
stars are believed to be formed as a result of enhanced iron core compression due to the weight of non-ferrous matter overlying
the iron cores within large stars. And, higher mass neutron stars are likely to be formed as a result of fallback or accretion
of additional matter after an initial collapse event involving an iron core having a mass no greater than 2.69 × 1030 kg 相似文献
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We review the process of star formation, detailing the theories underlying the stability of molecular clouds and their collapse to protostars, and discussing the empirical evidence and models which inform them. We give emphasis to the role that the magnetic field plays in influencing the stability of molecular clouds and hence the star formation rate. The end result of star formation is a mass function which appears constant within our Galaxy. A relative abundance of low mass stars is observed over high mass stars and most of the stars that do form are found to exist as members of a binary system. The origin of binarity is reviewed as is the discovery, formation and observations of some of the lowest mass stars known, the brown dwarfs. 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus de l''Academie des Sciences Series IV Physics》2001,2(7):1057-1068
Widely regarded as pathological variable stars – with erratic photometric and spectroscopic behavior of unknown physical origin – 20 years ago, T Tauri stars (TTSs) turned out in the last decade to be promising laboratories for observing the formation of solar systems such as ours. This is because circumstellar, presumably protoplanetary disks were found to surround a large fraction of them. While evidence for disks was primarily indirect until 1995, recent high resolution imaging confirmed earlier claims that the infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) excesses seen in the spectral energy distribution (SED) of these stars were due to disk emission. The activity displayed by young stellar objects at all wavelengths is due to the interaction between the circumstellar disk and the magnetized star and to non-stationary accretion/ejection phenomena. In this review, we briefly summarize properties of these young solar-type stars and describe their circumstellar disks in some detail, focusing on current optical, infrared and millimeter high angular resolution observations that now allow us to resolve the disks. 相似文献
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Martyna Chruślińska 《Annalen der Physik》2024,536(2):2200170
Gravitational waves (GW) emitted by merging black holes (BH) and neutron stars are now routinely detected. Those are the afterlives of massive stars that formed all across the Universe—at different cosmic times and with different metallicities. Birth metallicity plays an important role in the evolution of massive stars. Consequently, the population properties of mergers are sensitive to the metallicity dependent cosmic star formation history (fSFR(Z,z)). In particular, within the isolated formation scenarios (the focus of this paper), a strong low metallicity preference of the formation of BH mergers is found. The origin of this dependence and its consequences are discussed. Most importantly, uncertainty in the fSFR(Z,z) (substantial even at low redshifts) cannot be ignored in the models. This poses a challenge for the interpretation of the observed GW source population properties. Possible improvements and the role of future GW detectors are considered. Recent efforts to determine fSFR(Z,z) and the factors that dominate its uncertainty are summarized. Many of those factors stem from the uncertain properties of faint and distant galaxies. The fact that they leave imprint on the redshift-dependent properties of mergers makes GW a promising (and complementary to electromagnetic observations) tool to study galaxy chemical evolution. 相似文献
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K- condensation and quark deconfinement phase transitions in neutron stars are investigated. We use the modified quark-meson coupling model for hadronic phase and the MIT
bag model for quark phase. With the equation of state (EOS) solved
self-consistently, we discuss the properties of neutron stars. We
find that the EOS of pure hadron matter with condensed K- phase
should be ruled out by the redshift for star EXO0748-676, while EOS
containing unpaired quark matter phase with B1/4 being about
180 MeV could be consistent with both this observation and the best
measured mass of star PSR 1913+16. But if the recent inferred massive star among Terzan 5 with
M>1.68M๏ is confirmed,
all the present EOSes with condensed phase and deconfined phase
would be ruled out. 相似文献
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研究了含有暗物质的夸克核心混合星的观测属性。用相对论平均场理论和有效质量口袋模型分别描述夸克核心的混合星物质内强子相和夸克相,用Gibbs相平衡条件描述强子-夸克混合相,研究了由于包含强、弱相互作用的费米子暗物质对混合星质量、半径、引力红移、自转频率和转动惯量等整体观测属性的影响。结果表明,在强、弱相互作用下,暗物质粒子质量大于等于0.5 GeV时暗物质会使混合星的状态方程比无暗物质时有一定软化,相应的混合星最大质量减少。当调节暗物质粒子质量研究表明,随着暗物质粒子质量的增大,夸克核心的混合星物质的状态方程变软,混合星的质量、半径变小,并且引力红移、自转频率和转动惯量等整体观测属性也明显依赖于暗物质粒子的质量。当暗物质粒子质量0.1 GeV时,包含强、弱作用暗物质的混合星质量达到2.0 M⊙和2.8 M⊙(其中M⊙为太阳质量),说明大质量脉冲星PSR J1859-0131和J1931-01可能是包含小质量暗粒子暗物质的强子夸克的混合星。整体观测属性的计算结果均在中子星的天文观察数据范围内,也说明强子夸克的混合星内可能包含暗物质。The observational properties of quark core hybrid star contain dark matter are studied. The influences of containing of strongly or weakly interacting dark matter to global observational features of hybrid stars, mass, radius, gravitational red-shift, rotational period and moment of inertia are studied by using relativistic mean field theory to describe hadron phase, effective mass bag model to quark phase, and Gibbs phase equilibrium conditions to hadron-quark mixed phase respectively. Our results indicate that, both in the strong and weak interacting case, the equation of state for hybrid star matter contain dark matter become softer than that of without dark matter while the mass of dark matter particles larger than 0.5 GeV, which leads to the decrease of the mass and corresponding radius of hybrid star. With the increase of the dark matter particle mass, the equation of state for hybrid star matter become softer, this cause the decrease of the mass and radius of hybrid star obviously. The gravitational red-shift and the rotational period, obviously increase of the moment of inertia of the hybrid stars are influenced by the dark matter particle mass. When the dark matter particle mass is equal to 0.1 GeV, the masses of the star with strong and weak interacting dark matter reach to 2.0 M⊙ and 2.8 M⊙(M⊙ is the solar mass), this result indicates that the giant mass PSR, J1859-0131 and J1931-01, can be a hadron-quark hybrid star and containing dark matter with small dark particle mass. The computational results of all above global observational features of hybrid stars are in the range of astronomical observation data, these also indicate that hybrid star with quark core may contains dark matter. 相似文献
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在相对论平均场理论框架内,利用Λ超子的结合能和中子星质量的观测数据得到超子标量介子耦合参数χσ的范围是0.33—0.77。在这个范围内, 研究了χσ取不同值时, 包含核子, Λ和Ξ超子的热前中子星(固定单个重子熵s=1)的性质。结果表明, 如果超子耦合参数变大, 前中子星核心温度变高, 中微子丰度变低, 前中子星的亚稳态质量范围变小。如果χσ超过了0.75, 前中子星不可能演变成黑洞。联系SN1987A讨论了这一结果的意义。In the framework of the relativistic mean field theory(RMFT), protoneutron stars with hyperons are studied. To be compatible with neutron star masses, the hyperon scalar coupling χσ should lie in the range of 0.33—0.77. As the hyperon scalar coupling increases, in protoneutron star matter, the core temperature increases whereas the abundance of neutrinos decreases. The metastable mass range of protoneutron stars narrows as the temperature increases. It is found that a protoneutron star cannot subside into a low mass black hole when χσ>0.75. Furthermore, the case of SN1987A is discussed. 相似文献
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N. K. Glendenning 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1987,327(3):295-300
Neutron stars are studied in the framework of nuclear relativistic field theory. Hyperons and pions significantly soften the equation of state of neutron star matter at moderate and high density. We conjecture that they are responsible for the softening that is found to be crucial to the bounce scenario in supernova calculations. Hyperons reduce the limiting mass of neutron stars predicted by theory by one half solar mass or more, which is a large effect compared to the range in which theories of matter predict this limit to fall. 相似文献
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The properties of strange quark stars are studied within the quasi-particle model. Taking into account chemical equilibrium and charge neutrality, the equation of state(EOS) of(2+ 1)-flavor quark matter is obtained. We illustrate the parameter spaces with constraints from two aspects: one is based on the astronomical results of PSR J0740+ 6620 and GW 170 817,and the other is based on the constraints proposed from the theoretical study of a compact star that the EOS must ensure the tidal deformability Λ_(1.4)=190_(-120)~(+390) and support a maximum mass above 1.97M_⊙. It is found that neither type of constraints can restrict the parameter space of the quasi-particle model in a reliable region and thus we conclude that the low mass compact star cannot be a strange quark star. 相似文献