8-羟基脱氧鸟苷在壳聚糖/石墨烯修饰电极上的电化学及DNA氧化损伤检测

采用循环伏安(CV)、线性扫描伏安(LSV)和示差脉冲伏安(DPV)等方法研究了8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)在壳聚糖(Chi)/石墨烯(GR)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)上的电化学行为,8-OHdG在该修饰电极上氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.5×10-7~1.4×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为6.4×10-8mol/L(S/N=3)。将Chi/GR/GCE用于检测DNA氧化损伤,8-OHdG在修饰电极上的氧化峰电流与损伤的DNA质量浓度在10~300 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,损伤DNA检出限为0.026 mg/L(S/N=3)。     

8-羟基脱氧鸟苷在壳聚糖/石墨烯修饰电极上的电化学及DNA氧化损伤检测

采用循环伏安(CV)、线性扫描伏安(LSV)和示差脉冲伏安(DPV)等方法研究了8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)在壳聚糖(Chi)/石墨烯(GR)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)上的电化学行为,8-OHdG在该修饰电极上氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.5×10-7~1.4×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为6.4×10-8 mol/L(S/N=3)。 将Chi/GR/GCE用于检测DNA氧化损伤,8-OHdG在修饰电极上的氧化峰电流与损伤的DNA质量浓度在10~300 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,损伤DNA检出限为0.026 mg/L(S/N=3)。     

士的宁在玻碳电极上的伏安行为

采用微分脉冲伏安(DPV)法研究了士的宁在玻碳电极上的电化学行为.在pH 8.95的B-R缓冲液中,士的宁在+0.996 V(vs.SCE)电位处产生一个阳极氧化峰,峰电流与士的宁在0.06～15.0μmol/L的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检测限(D=3σ/K)为0.032 μmol/L.从而建立了DPV法定量测...     

芦丁在铂纳米/碳纳米管修饰电极上电化学行为研究

通过电沉积的方式在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰玻碳电极表面上沉积铂(pt)纳米粒子,并运用循环伏安法(CV)、示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)探讨了芦丁在铂纳米/碳纳米管/玻碳电极上的电化学行为.实验结果表明,芦丁在该修饰电极上呈现一对良好氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与浓度在3.2×10(-8)～1.2×10(-5)mol/L...     

甘草苷在玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其测定

在pH 3.00的B-R缓冲溶液中,采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)、线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和循环伏安法(CV)研究了甘草苷在玻碳电极上的电化学行为, 建立了测定甘草苷的DPV法。实验结果表明,甘草苷于1.16 V (vs.Ag/AgCl)处产生一个氧化峰,峰电流和甘草苷的浓度在2.00×10-6~3.50×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.25×10-7 mol/L。该法用于实际样品甘草、胃康灵和逍遥丸中黄酮含量的测定(以甘草苷为对照品),平均回收率分别为97.1%、98.9%和102.0%。此外对电极反应机理作了初步探讨。     

7-甲基鸟苷在玻碳电极上的伏安行为研究

研究了修饰核苷7-甲基鸟苷(7-Methylguanosine)的电化学行为及测定方法.在pH 1.98的B-R缓冲液中,用循环伏安法(CV),线性扫描伏安法(LSV)、微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)等现代电化学技术研究7-甲基鸟苷在玻碳电极(GCE)上的伏安行为.实验表明,7-甲基鸟苷在 1.036 V(vs.SCE)电位处产生一个阳极氧化峰,峰电流与7-甲基鸟苷的浓度在5.0×10-5-2.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检测限(D=2σ/K)为4.1×10-7mol/L.并用恒电位库仑电解法等方法对其氧化机理进行了较为详细的探讨,得到了可能的电极反应机理:7-甲基鸟苷在玻碳电极上的电极反应是属于失1质子和2电子的不可逆的氧化反应.     

聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

本文制备了聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并用循环伏安(CV)法和微分脉冲伏安(DPV)法研究了邻苯二酚(CC)和对苯二酚(HQ)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,相对于裸玻碳电极,HQ和CC在聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰电极上的氧化峰电流显著提高,氧化峰电位相差104.8mV,实现了CC和HQ的选择性测定。DPV法同时测定二酚时,HQ和CC分别在1.0×10-6~8.0×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R分别为0.998、0.997,检出限(S/N=3)分别为1.0×10-7、8.0×10-8mol/L。将该方法用于模拟水样分析,回收率为95.3%~103.5%。     

抗菌素痢菌净的电化学分析

采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和方波伏安法(SWV)在玻碳电极(GCE)上对痢菌净进行了电化学研究.实验表明:在pH=6.6的B-R缓冲底液中,痢菌净在-0.85伏左右有一个明显的可逆氧化还原峰,考察了不同底液及pH值、扫描速度、富集时间和静止时间的影响.DPV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6mol/L～2.0×10-3mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-8 mol/L;SWV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6 mol/L～1.0×10-3 mol/L,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L.并对痢菌净的电极反应机理进行了初步探讨,该方法操作简单、灵敏,可用于实际药品测定.     

去甲肾上腺素和抗坏血酸在导电聚合物膜修饰电极上的同时测定

采用循环伏安法研究去甲肾上腺素(NE)和抗坏血酸(AA)在4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)导电聚合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为;以差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)对二者进行测定,发现PAR修饰电极对NE和AA有很强电催化作用,明显增强了电极反应的可逆性及峰电流。在pH 6.0磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,NE氧化峰电流与其浓度在6.25×10-7~6.25×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,AA氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6~3.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为5.0×10-8mol/L和5.0×10-7mol/L。该PAR膜修饰电极可对NE和AA进行单独或同时的测定,并用于实际样品重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素针剂和维生素C针剂的检测。     

聚对苯二酚修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对抗坏血酸的催化氧化作用

采用循环伏安(CV)法制备了聚对苯二酚薄膜修饰玻碳电极,利用其电催化氧化作用建立了抗坏血酸的定量分析方法,探讨了其催化氧化机理。研究发现:在0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4(PBS,pH 7.0)缓冲溶液中,以0.1 mol/L KC l作支持电解质,聚对苯二酚修饰电极(PHQ/CME)对抗坏血酸(AA)存在灵敏的催化氧化作用,氧化峰电位负移177 mV。应用微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对AA进行定量分析,其氧化峰电流与AA浓度在3.3×10-5~1.7×10-2mol/L和1.7×10-2~1.2×10-1mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.3×10-6mol/L。机理研究结果表明:PHQ/CME上带有的酚羟基与脱氢抗坏血酸自由基之间形成的氢键是电催化氧化的主要原因。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。