甘草苷在悬汞电极上的电化学行为及方法研究

运用循环伏安法(CV)考察了甘草苷在悬汞电极(HMDE)上的电化学还原行为,在-0.7~-1.7 V(vs.SCE)电位窗口及0.10 mol/L(NH4)2SO4溶液中甘草苷在HMDE上的循环伏安行为是一在低扫描速度(<100 mV/s)下受吸附控制,在高扫描速度下受扩散控制的不可逆还原过程,还原峰电位(Epc)为-1.491 V。运用计时库仑法(CC)、计时电流法(CA)测定并计算了甘草苷的电荷传递系数α、扩散系数D以及表观速率常数Kf等电极过程动力学参数。初步探讨了甘草苷在HMDE上的反应机理,同时运用方波伏安法(SWV)研究了甘草苷在HMDE上的方波伏安行为,还原峰电流与其浓度在1.2×10-6~1.2×10-5mol/L及1.2×10-5~1.2×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R=0.9936及0.9966,检出限8.0×10-7mol/L,据此可建立直接电化学测定甘草苷含量的方法。     

L-半胱氨酸和镍分层修饰电极的制备及对黄岑苷的测定

利用循环伏安(CV)法制备L-半胱氨酸和Ni分层修饰电极,用扫描电镜和交流阻抗方法对分层修饰电极进行了表征。研究了修饰电极上黄岑苷的电化学行为,建立了差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法测定黄岑苷的新方法。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,用DPV法测定时,峰电流与黄岑苷浓度在5.0×10-7~1.0×10-5 mol/L和1.0×10-5~1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-7 mol/L。该方法可用于药品中黄岑苷的测定。     

聚L-甲硫氨酸修饰电极的制备及对尿酸的测定

在pH9.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,利用循环伏安(CV)法制备了聚L-甲硫氨酸修饰玻碳电极(PLMet/GC/CME)。研究了尿酸(UA)在该电极上的电化学行为,建立了伏安法测定UA的新方法。在pH5.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为200 mV/s,循环扫描电位在-0.3~1.0 V时,UA在PLMet/GC/CME上产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,峰电位位于0.52 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。用CV法、线性扫描伏安(LSV)法和示差脉冲伏安(DPV)法对UA进行测定,测定的线性范围分别为2.50×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L、5.00×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L和8.00×10-7~1.00×10-4mol/L;检出限分别为8.0×10-7mol/L(CV、LSV法)和5.0×10-7mol/L(DPV法)。用LSV法对尿样中的UA进行测定,结果满意。     

纳米金/单壁碳管修饰玻碳电极对黄芩苷的电催化作用及快速检测

用循环伏安法(CV)在单壁碳纳米管表面直接沉积金纳米粒子,制备了纳米金/单壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(NG/SWNT/GCE),并用扫描电镜(SEM)进行表征。研究了黄芩苷在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果表明该修饰电极对黄芩苷具有电催化作用。用示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)对黄芩苷进行测定,其氧化峰电流与黄芩苷浓度在2.0×10-8～7.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系。检出限为5.0×10-9mol/L(S/N=3)。该修饰电极实测了中药黄芩粉中黄芩苷的含量,回收率在96.8%～102.5%。     

抗菌素痢菌净的电化学分析

采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和方波伏安法(SWV)在玻碳电极(GCE)上对痢菌净进行了电化学研究.实验表明:在pH=6.6的B-R缓冲底液中,痢菌净在-0.85伏左右有一个明显的可逆氧化还原峰,考察了不同底液及pH值、扫描速度、富集时间和静止时间的影响.DPV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6mol/L～2.0×10-3mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-8 mol/L;SWV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6 mol/L～1.0×10-3 mol/L,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L.并对痢菌净的电极反应机理进行了初步探讨,该方法操作简单、灵敏,可用于实际药品测定.     

呋喃妥因分子印迹电化学传感器的制备及应用

以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,呋喃妥因为模板分子,马来松香丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGMRA)为交联剂,在玻碳电极表面制备了呋喃妥因分子印迹膜。采用循环伏安(CV)法、差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法及交流阻抗(EIS)法对印迹膜进行表征。实验表明,DPV法测定的氧化峰电流与呋喃妥因浓度在8.0×10-8~5.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R=0.9939),检出限为6.5×10-8 mol/L。该传感器用于呋喃妥因肠溶片的测定,其回收率为96.6%~101.6%。     

聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极同时测定邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

本文制备了聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并用循环伏安(CV)法和微分脉冲伏安(DPV)法研究了邻苯二酚(CC)和对苯二酚(HQ)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,相对于裸玻碳电极,HQ和CC在聚苯胺-石墨烯修饰电极上的氧化峰电流显著提高,氧化峰电位相差104.8mV,实现了CC和HQ的选择性测定。DPV法同时测定二酚时,HQ和CC分别在1.0×10-6~8.0×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R分别为0.998、0.997,检出限(S/N=3)分别为1.0×10-7、8.0×10-8mol/L。将该方法用于模拟水样分析,回收率为95.3%~103.5%。     

间苯二酚在TiO2-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了TiO2-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极。用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对间苯二酚在该修饰电极的电化学行为进行了研究。实验结果表明,在pH值为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,该修饰电极对间苯二酚具有良好的电催化作用。对TiO2-石墨烯用量、支持电解质、pH和扫描速度等实验条件进行了优化。在优化条件下,利用DPV测定,间苯二酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.995。检出限为2×10-7mol/L。将该方法应用于模拟水样中间苯二酚的测定,回收率为96.5～104.2%。     

SDS存在下肌红蛋白在乙炔黑电极上的电化学行为研究

基于十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)存在下,研究肌红蛋白(Mb)在乙炔黑电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种简便灵敏的肌红蛋白电化学分析方法.采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)进行分析,SDS能显著提高肌红蛋白在乙炔黑电极上的还原峰电流.在最佳实验条件下,峰电流与肌红蛋白浓度在5.6×10-10 mol/L～2.8×10-7mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为4.5×10-10 mol/L.方法用于合成样品中肌红蛋白含量的测定.乙炔黑电极可以作为传感器,用于样品中Mb的舍量测定.     

黄芩苷在Nb_2O_5-石墨烯纳米复合材料修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

本文采用一步溶剂热法制备Nb2O5-石墨烯(Nb2O5-RGO)纳米复合材料,用于构建一种新型的黄芩苷电化学传感器。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Nb2O5-RGO复合材料进行形貌表征。采用循环伏安法(CV)和线性扫描伏安法(LSV)研究了黄芩苷在Nb2O5-RGO修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果发现,Nb2O5-RGO修饰电极对黄芩苷具有显著的电催化活性。用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对黄芩苷进行测定,其氧化峰电流与浓度在1.0×10-5~1.5×10-6 mol·L-1和1.0×10-6~5.0×10-8 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为1.5×10-8 mol·L-1。该修饰电极的选择性高、重复性和稳定性较好。用于测定黄芩颗粒中黄芩苷的含量,加标回收率为93.0%~95.1%。     

7-甲基鸟苷在玻碳电极上的伏安行为研究

研究了修饰核苷7-甲基鸟苷(7-Methylguanosine)的电化学行为及测定方法.在pH 1.98的B-R缓冲液中,用循环伏安法(CV),线性扫描伏安法(LSV)、微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)等现代电化学技术研究7-甲基鸟苷在玻碳电极(GCE)上的伏安行为.实验表明,7-甲基鸟苷在 1.036 V(vs.SCE)电位处产生一个阳极氧化峰,峰电流与7-甲基鸟苷的浓度在5.0×10-5-2.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检测限(D=2σ/K)为4.1×10-7mol/L.并用恒电位库仑电解法等方法对其氧化机理进行了较为详细的探讨,得到了可能的电极反应机理:7-甲基鸟苷在玻碳电极上的电极反应是属于失1质子和2电子的不可逆的氧化反应.     

Comparison of Boron-Doped Diamond and Glassy Carbon Electrodes for Determination of Terbinafine in Pharmaceuticals Using Differential Pulse and Square Wave Voltammetry

This paper examines the electrochemical oxidation of terbinafine with the boron doped diamond and glassy carbon electrodes. The studies were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The supporting electrolytes, solution pH, the range of potentials, and the scan rates were optimized. Terbinafine was irreversibly oxidized in all electrolytes, yielding well-defined peaks in the positive potential range. The peak potential shifted towards less positive values as the solution pH increased. Voltammetric determination of terbinafine was performed under the optimized conditions. Using the boron doped diamond electrode, a linear relationship between current and concentration was obtained between 5.44 × 10^?7 and 5.18 and 10^?6 mol/L with SWV and between 7.75 · 10^?7 and 8.55 · 10^?6 mol/L by DPV. At the glassy carbon electrode, a linear relationship between 7.75 · 10^?7 and 8.55 · 10^?6 mol/L was obtained by SWV and between 7.75 · 10^?7 and 1.05 · 10^?5 mol/L by DPV. The sensitivity, precision, and selectivity of the procedures were evaluated. In order to check the practical application of the developed methods, the concentration of terbinafine was determined in pharmaceutical preparations.     

A Cerium Hexacyanoferrate (III) Nanoparticle‐modified Carbon Paste Electrode: Voltammetric Characterization and Behavior in the Presence of Dopamine

This study describes a fast and simple methodology for the preparation of Cerium (III) Hexacyanoferrate (II) (CeHCF) nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CeHCF cyclic voltammogram indicate a well‐defined redox pair assigned as Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ in the presence of cerium (III), with a formal potential of E^θ′=0.29 V (v=100 mV s^?1, KNO₃; 1.0 mol/L, pH 7.0). The carbon paste electrode modified with CeHCF (CeHCF‐CPE) was applied to the catalytic electrooxidation of dopamine applying Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). DPV showed linear response at two concentration ranges, from 9.0×10^?7 to 8.0×10^?6 and 9.0×10^?6 to 1.0×10^?4 mol/L, with an LOD of 1.9×10^?7 and 1.0×10^?5 mol/L, respectively. The CeHCF‐CPE exhibited selectivity against substances commonly found in biological samples, with redox potentials close to that of dopamine, such as urea and ascorbic acid (AA). Subsequently the CeHCF‐CPE was successfully applied to the detection of dopamine in simulated urine samples, with recovery percentages ranging between 99 and 103%.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Voltammetric Determination of L‐Cysteic Acid at the Surface of p‐Bromanil Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

The electrochemical properties of L ‐cysteic acid studied at the surface of p‐bromanil (tetrabromo‐p‐benzoquinone) modified carbon paste electrode (BMCPE) in aqueous media by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and double step potential chronoamperometry. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 7.00) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of L ‐cysteic acid at the surface of BMCPE occurs at a half‐wave potential of p‐bromanil redox system (e.g., 100 mV vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl_sat), whereas, L ‐cysteic acid was electroinactive in the testing potential ranges at the surface of bare carbon paste electrode. The apparent diffusion coefficient of spiked p‐bromanil in paraffin oil was also determined by using the Cottrell equation. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of L ‐cysteic acid exhibits a linear dependency to its concentration in the ranges of 8.00×10^?6 M–6.00×10^?3 M and 5.2×10^?7 M–1.0×10^?5 M using CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods, respectively. The detection limits (2σ) were determined as 5.00×10^?6 M and 4.00×10^?7 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was used as a new, selective, rapid, simple, precise and suitable voltammetric method for determination of L ‐cysteic acid in serum of patient's blood with migraine disease.     

Electrochemical Behaviour of Carbamazepine in Acetonitrile and Dimethylformamide Using Glassy Carbon Electrodes and Microelectrodes

The electrochemical reduction of carbamazepine in acetonitrile (ACN) and dimethylformamide (DMF) using a glassy carbon electrode and microelectrodes has been studied. The reduction process is consistent with an electrochemical‐chemical mechanism (EC) involving a two electron transfer followed by a first order reaction, as shown by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Half‐wave potential, number of electron transferred, diffusion coefficient and rate constant of the associated chemical reaction are reported. Limits of detection (LOD) for DPV are 0.92 and 0.76 µg mL^?1 (3.89×10^?6 mol L^?1 and 3.21×10^?6 mol L^?1) in ACN and DMF, respectively. Precision (%RSD) and recovery (%) values when pharmaceutical compounds (200mg carbamazepine tablets) and spiked plasma samples were tested ranged from 1.09 to 9.04 % and % recoveries ranged from 96 to 104.1 %.     

L‐Cysteine Voltammetry at a Carbon Paste Electrode Bulk‐Modified with Ferrocenedicarboxylic Acid

The electrochemical behavior of L ‐cysteine studied at the surface of ferrocenedicarboxylic acid modified carbon paste electrode (FDCMCPE) in aqueous media using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and double potential step chronoamperometry. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 8.00) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of L ‐cysteine occurs at a potential about 200 mV less positive than that of an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The kinetic parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, α, and catalytic reaction rate constant, k_h were also determined using electrochemical approaches. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of L ‐cysteine showed a linear dependent on the L ‐cysteine concentration and linear analytical curves were obtained in the ranges of 3.0×10^?5 M–2.2×10^?3 M and 1.5×10^?5 M–3.2×10^?3 M of L ‐cysteine concentration with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods respectively. The detection limits (3σ) were determined as 2.6×10^?5 M and 1.4×10^?6 M by CV and DPV methods.     

Sol-Gel Imprinted Polymers Based Electrochemical Sensor for Paracetamol Recognition and Detection

Molecular imprinting and sol-gel technique were combined to develop a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor in this work. With the successive modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs), a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was immersed in a sol-gel solution in the presence of paracetamol (PR) for the electropolymerization to fabricate an imprinted sensor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to characterize the constructed sensor. The factors for the sensor preparation, the electropolymerization potential range, the monomer concentration, and the scan rate for the sensor preparation were optimized. The sensor displayed an excellent recognition capacity toward PR compared with other analogues. Additionally, the DPV peak current was linear to the PR concentration in the range from 8.0 × 10^?8 to 5.0 × 10^?5 mol/L, with a detection limit of 4.0 × 10^?8 mol/L. The prepared sensor also showed satisfactory reproducibility and regeneration capacity.     

Electrocatalytic Characteristics of Ferrocenecarboxylic Acid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode in the Oxidation and Determination of L‐Cysteine

The electrochemical behavior of L ‐cysteine studied at the surface of ferrocenecarboxylic acid modified carbon paste electrode (FCMCPE) in aqueous media using cyclic voltammetry and double step potential chronoamperometry. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 7.00) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of L ‐cysteine is occurs at a potential about 580 mV less positive than that an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The kinetic parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, α and catalytic reaction rate constant, K′_h were also determined using electrochemical approaches. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of L ‐cysteine showed a linear dependent on the L ‐cysteine concentration and linear calibration curves were obtained in the ranges of 10^?5 M–10^?3 M and 4.1×10^?8 M–3.7×10^?5 M of L ‐cysteine concentration with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods respectively. The detection limits (2δ) were determined as 2.4×10^?6 M and 2.5×10^?8 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was also examined for determination of L ‐cysteine in some samples, such as Soya protein powder, serum of human blood by using recovery and standard addition methods.     

槲皮素在聚L-络氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

采用电聚合方法制备了聚L-络氨酸修饰电极。利用循环伏安法(CV)探究了pH值、扫描速率对槲皮素电化学行为的影响。用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对槲皮素进行测定。结果表明:聚L-络氨酸修饰电极在pH值为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中对槲皮素表现出良好的电催化能力。在6.21×10~(-5)～6.9×10~(-4) mol/L范围内槲皮素的浓度与相应的检测信号呈现出良好的线性关系,线性方程为:I(10~(-6) A)=-1.034 8-0.099 39c(10~(-4) mol/L),线性相关系数R=-0.987 87,检出限为2.07×10~(-5) mol/L(S/N=3)。电化学分析方法简易快捷、重现性和稳定性高。     

Effect of Pulse Width of Square Potential to Remove Silver Interference in the Determination of Mercury(II)

A graphite electrode modified with silver (Ag‐CPE) has been applied to detect mercury(II) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve is linear in the range from 5.0×10^?8 mol L^?1 to 1.0×10^?4 mol L^?1 of mercury(II). The detection limit was found to be 3.38×10^?8 mol L^?1 with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.25 % (n=8). The proposed method was successfully applied for the detection of mercury(II) in leachate samples. The Ag‐CP composites were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), BET adsorption analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).