Successive bifurcations leading to stochastic behavior

A model of interacting normal modes in a nonlinear, dissipative system is constructed in order to analyze speculations by Ruelle and Takens. The first bifurcation leads to a periodic state. The second bifurcation leads to phaselocking, if the first mode is sufficiently energetic. A third bifurcation leads to stochastic behavior. Possible relevance of these phenomena for physical systems is discussed.     

Solution of non-singlet DGLAP evolution equation in leading order and next to leading order at small-x

The non-singlet structure functions have been obtained by solving Dokshitzer, Gribove, Lipatov, Alterelli, Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations in leading order (LO) and next to leading order (NLO) at the small x limit. Here a Taylor Series expansion has been used and then the method of characteristics has been used to solve the evolution equations. We have also calculated t and x-evolutions of deuteron structure function and the results are compared with the New Muon Collaboration (NMC) and E665 data.     

Dynamic and stagnating plasma flow leading to magnetic-flux-tube collimation

Highly collimated, plasma-filled magnetic-flux tubes are frequently observed on galactic, stellar, and laboratory scales. We propose that a single, universal magnetohydrodynamic pumping process explains why such collimated, plasma-filled magnetic-flux tubes are ubiquitous. Experimental evidence from carefully diagnosed laboratory simulations of astrophysical jets confirms this assertion and is reported here. The magnetohydrodynamic process pumps plasma into a magnetic-flux tube and the stagnation of the resulting flow causes this flux tube to become collimated.     

Microhydration of oxalic acid leading to dissociation

The effect of microhydration on the simplest dicarboxylic acid, namely oxalic acid, leading to the dissociation of its proton, is studied using first principle-based electronic structure calculations. The geometry of the hydrated clusters of oxalic acid considering up to seven water molecules is determined at ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. Solvent stabilisation and interaction energy parameters are calculated applying CCSD(T) level of theory. The calculated free energy of formation shows that the hydrated oxalic acid clusters are stable only at low temperature and pressure. Though the solvent stabilisation energy increases linearly with an increase in the size of the hydrated cluster, the calculated interaction energy, acidic O–H bond dipole moment and hydrogen bond energy show characteristic features of ion pair formation. The spectral manifestation of the weakening hydroxyl bond is observed as red shift in its stretching frequency. A rigid potential energy scan, altering the dissociating O–H bond length of the oxalic acid molecule, shows an energy barrier for acid to water proton transfer in all cases except hepta-hydrate of oxalic acid, where a barrier-less proton transfer occurs. The number of water molecules (n) needed for dissociation of oxalic acid molecule is consistent with the value obtained from recently reported emperical correlation between n and pKa.     

From fractional Fourier transformation to quantum mechanical fractional squeezing transformation

By converting the triangular functions in the integration kernel of the fractional Fourier transformation to the hyperbolic function,i.e.,tan α→ tanh α,sin α→ sinh α,we find the quantum mechanical fractional squeezing transformation(FrST) which satisfies additivity.By virtue of the integration technique within the ordered product of operators(IWOP) we derive the unitary operator responsible for the FrST,which is composite and is made of e~(iπa~+a/2) and exp[iα/2(a~2 +a~(+2)).The FrST may be implemented in combinations of quadratic nonlinear crystals with different phase mismatches.     

Pre-scission particle and gamma-ray emission in heavy-ion-induced fission

An introduction is given to the physics of the equilibrium transition-state model and of dissipative nuclear dynamics. Experimental data on pre-scission particle and gamma-ray emission and their interpretation are reviewed. They appear to indicate overdamped motion of the nuclear fluid. A time scale for compound-nucleus fission of about 30 × 10⁻²¹ s or greater is indicated, whilst that for quasi- or fast-fission is somewhat shorter.     

Momentum conservation leading to the generalized vectorial laws of reflection and refraction

This paper considers the newly discovered laws on reflection and refraction reported in 2005 by the author. A brief review of the said discovery has been made. To give the discovery a concrete foundation and to show the efficiency of the photon theory, theoretical proof of each of those discovered laws on reflection and refraction has been offered making use of the photon theory and on further application of the principle of conservation of momentum.     

The phase shifts leading to the broadening and shift of spectral lines

The classical theory of collisional broadening and shift parameters (β, δ) of an isolated spectral line was used to obtain simple analytical formulas for calculating both β and δ. These formulas were obtained on the assumption that the short range interaction is effective only in the broadening while the long range is effective in the shift of the spectral line. These parameters β and δ depend on the limiting phase shifts responsible for broadening η_b and shift ηδ. It was found that the values of η_b and η_δ are not equal to each other as was proposed by Weisskopf η_b=η_δ=1. The maximum and average values of η_b (η_b max, η_b av) and η_δ (η_δ max, η_δ av) were obtained by numerical evaluation, using different inverse power potentials. By introducing these parameters into the approximated formulas for β and δ using Van der Waals and Lennard-Jones potential, it was found that the results of calculations for (β and δ) with different atomic transitions perturbed by different inert gases are in close agreement with earlier results. Those results, obtained earlier, were based on the Lindholm-Foley theory especially with the average values of η_b [η_b av=0.6057] and the maximum values of η_δ [η_δ max=1.57625]. The impact parameters ρ_b and ρ_δ leading to the broadening and shift of the spectral line were also obtained for different interactions. It was found that the end parameter for the broadening ρ_b is not equal to the starting parameter for the shift ρ_δ.     

Light-induced bistability in spin transition solids leading to thermal and optical hysteresis

We investigate the behaviour of photo-excitable, bistable systems, under permanent light irradiation, in presence of relaxation towards the non-excited state. Cooperativity causes bistability of the steady state, leading to light-induced thermal and optical hysteresis (LITH and LIOH). The light-induced instability is expected to induce demixtion, i.e. the coexistence of domains of the two stable steady states. Such effects are evidenced by magnetic and reflectivity measurements on the spin-crossover solid solution: , with x= 0.3, 0.5, 0.85. Experimental data are in quantitative agreement with a simple macroscopic model which includes a non-linear relaxation term in the master equation. Received: 5 June 1997 / Accepted: 17 July 1998     

Temperature-induced transformation of metavariscite to berlinite

The phase transition of metavariscite into berlinite has been studied by means of different techniques, namely electron probe micro analysis, environmental scanning electron microscopy, high-temperature X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, thermoluminescence, and thermo Raman. The application of these techniques indicates that: (i) from room temperature to 150°C metavariscite (monoclinic dimorph AlPO₄ ? 2H₂O) appears as the main phase, (ii) in the range of 100–300°C metavariscite starts to lose the water molecules giving rise to form α-berlinite (trigonal AlPO₄) that is the stable phase up to ca 540°C, and (iii) from 550°C onwards the structure adopts the more stable configuration, tetragonal β-berlinite.     

含单个色氨酸的多肽分子的荧光特性研究:pH及金属离子的响应

由于金属离子包括铜离子对人体的重要性,报道了一种含单个色氨酸的新型多肽分子(WDAHSS),证明利用这种分子可以通过荧光光谱测量的方法实现铜离子灵敏检测。WDAHSS的荧光由其包含的色氨酸残基的本征荧光贡献,易被铜离子猝灭。通过分析铜离子在不同pH值条件下与WDAHSS作用的荧光光谱并与单个色氨酸分子的光谱相比较,详细研究了铜离子猝灭WDAHSS荧光的机理。研究表明,WDAHSS结构中的组氨酸通过金属配位与铜离子作用,并联合肽键形成稳固的四方形平面结构,螯合铜离子,致使色氨酸残基发生荧光猝灭。同时详细讨论了不同pH值环境对WDAHSS荧光光谱的影响。通过荧光光谱测量和数值拟合,推测了WDAHSS和铜离子的结合常数。为了增强WDAHSS抗pH干扰的能力,特意对其氨基端乙酰化,在生理pH值范围内稳定了其荧光发射。此外,WDAHSS也采用了一些特殊设计的结构,很好地增强了它对铜离子灵敏探测的特异选择性和生物相容性。对WDAHSS的进一步研究有望用于生物体内或细胞内荧光成像检测。     

Competition of fusion and quasifission in reactions leading to production of superheavy elements

The mechanism of fusion hindrance, an effect observed in the reactions of cold, warm, and hot fusion leading to production of superheavy elements, is investigated. A systematics of transfermium production cross sections is used to determine fusion probabilities. The mechanism of fusion hindrance is described as a competition of fusion and quasifission. Available evaporation residue cross sections in the superheavy region are reproduced satisfactorily. Analysis of the measured capture cross sections is performed and a sudden disappearance of the capture cross sections is observed at low fusion probabilities. A dependence of the fusion hindrance on the asymmetry of the projectile-target system is investigated using the available data. The most promising pathways for further experiments are suggested.     

From leading hadron suppression to jet quenching at RHIC and at the LHC

In nucleus-nucleus collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), one generically observes a strong medium-induced suppression of high- p_T hadron production. This suppression is accounted for in models which assume a significant medium-induced radiative energy loss of high- p_T parent partons produced in the collision. How can we further test the microscopic dynamics conjectured to underlie this abundant high- p_T phenomenon? What can we learn about the dynamics of parton fragmentation, and what can we learn about the properties of the medium which modifies it? Given that inelastic parton scattering is expected to be the dominant source of partonic equilibration processes, can we use hard processes as an experimentally well-controlled window into QCD non-equilibrium dynamics? Here I review what has been achieved so far, and which novel opportunities open up with higher luminosity at RHIC, and with the wider kinematical range accessible soon at the LHC.Received: 15 February 2005, Published online: 3 June 2005PACS: 12.38.Mh, 24.85. + p     

Convective and absolute Eckhaus instability leading to modulated waves in a finite box

We report an experimental study of the secondary modulational instability of a one-dimensional nonlinear traveling wave in a long bounded channel. Two qualitatively different instability regimes involving fronts of spatiotemporal defects are linked to the convective and absolute nature of the instability. Both transitions appear to be subcritical. The spatiotemporal defects control the global mode structure.     

Order-disorder transition in conflicting dynamics leading to rank-frequency generalized beta distributions

The behavior of rank-ordered distributions of phenomena present in a variety of fields such as biology, sociology, linguistics, finance and geophysics has been a matter of intense research. Often power laws have been encountered; however, their validity tends to hold mainly for an intermediate range of rank values. In a recent publication (Martínez-Mekler et al., 2009 [7]), a generalization of the functional form of the beta distribution has been shown to give excellent fits for many systems of very diverse nature, valid for the whole range of rank values, regardless of whether or not a power law behavior has been previously suggested. Here we give some insight on the significance of the two free parameters which appear as exponents in the functional form, by looking into discrete probabilistic branching processes with conflicting dynamics. We analyze a variety of realizations of these so-called expansion-modification models first introduced by Wentian Li (1989) [10]. We focus our attention on an order-disorder transition we encounter as we vary the modification probability p. We characterize this transition by means of the fitting parameters. Our numerical studies show that one of the fitting exponents is related to the presence of long-range correlations exhibited by power spectrum scale invariance, while the other registers the effect of disordering elements leading to a breakdown of these properties. In the absence of long-range correlations, this parameter is sensitive to the occurrence of unlikely events. We also introduce an approximate calculation scheme that relates this dynamics to multinomial multiplicative processes. A better understanding through these models of the meaning of the generalized beta-fitting exponents may contribute to their potential for identifying and characterizing universality classes.     

Critical deflagration waves leading to detonation onset under different boundary conditions

High-speed turbulent critical deflagration waves before detonation onset in H2–air mixture propagated into a square cross section channel,which was assembled of optional rigid rough,rigid smooth,or flexible walls.The corresponding propagation characteristic and the influence of the wall boundaries on the propagation were investigated via high-speed shadowgraph and a high-frequency pressure sampling system.As a comprehensive supplement to the different walls effect investigation,the effect of porous absorbing walls on the detonation propagation was also investigated via smoke foils and the high-frequency pressure sampling system.Results are as follows.In the critical deflagration stage,the leading shock and the closely following turbulent flame front travel at a speed of nearly half the CJ detonation velocity.In the preheated zone,a zonary flame arises from the overlapping part of the boundary layer and the pressure waves,and then merges into the mainstream flame.Among these wall boundary conditions,the rigid rough wall plays a most positive role in the formation of the zonary flame and thus accelerates the transition of the deflagration to detonation(DDT),which is due to the boost of the boundary layer growth and the pressure wave reflection.Even though the flexible wall is not conducive to the pressure wave reflection,it brings out a faster boundary layer growth,which plays a more significant role in the zonary flame formation.Additionally,the porous absorbing wall absorbs the transverse wave and yields detonation decay and velocity deficit.After the absorbing wall,below some low initial pressure conditions,no re-initiation occurs and the deflagration propagates in critical deflagration for a relatively long distance.     

广义Hamilton系统的Mei对称性导致的Mei守恒量

研究广义Hamilton系统的Mei对称性导致的守恒量. 首先,在群的一般无限小变换下给出广义Hamilton系统的Mei对称性的定义、判据和确定方程;其次,研究系统的Mei守恒量存在的条件和形式,得到Mei对称性直接导致的Mei守恒量; 而后,进一步给出带附加项的广义Hamilton系统Mei守恒量的存在定理; 最后,研究一类新的三维广义Hamilton系统,并研究三体问题中3个涡旋的平面运动. 关键词： 广义Hamilton系统 Mei对称性 Mei守恒量 三体问题     

Wave theory of light leading to the generalized vectorial laws of reflection and refraction

This paper deals with the application of Huygens’ wave theory of light for the derivation of the generalized vectorial laws of reflection and refraction discovered by the author in 2005. The long-running literature falls short of such a theoretical proof of the generalized vectorial laws of reflection and refraction on the basis of wave theory. As such the present work is novel and original. At the same time it also enhances the theoretical foundation of the discovery of the generalized vectorial laws of reflection and refraction there by proving the efficiency and increasing the range of applicability of the wave theory of light as well.     

扭转应变谱及其在相变研究中的应用

试样的扭转应变随外场(温度场、电场、磁场) 的变化谱即扭转应变谱可以有效地反映试样对外场的动力学响应行为. 研究表明, 利用传统倒扭摆可以高精度测量扭变谱, 证实了含铅量为32%的弛豫铁电体铌镁酸铅(PMN-32%PT)的四方-立方转变是一种爆发型马氏体相变. 关键词： 扭转应变谱 内耗 铁电体 马氏体相变