Preparation and properties of chiral complexes of Cu(II) with (S)-2-[(N-benzylprolyl)amino]benzaldehyde oxime,catalysts of azlactone hydrolysis

Two Cu(II) complexes of (S)-2-[(N-benzylprolyl)amino]benzaldehyde oxime (L) were isolated. The complex Cu[(LH^–1)(Cl)] is green, whereas Cu₂(LH₂)_–2 is red-brown. The structure of these complexes was proved by elemental analysis, IR and UV spectroscopy. The average molecular masses ( ) of the complexes in ethanol were determined by precision ebulliometry. The concentration dependence of the values of these complexes is consistent with the existence of the following equilibria in ethanol: Cu[(LH_–1)(Cl)] + EtOH Cu[(LH_–1)(HOEt)]⁺+Cl⁺ and [Cu₂(LH_–2)₂] + EtOH 2[Cu(LH-_–2)(HOEt)]. The equilibrium constants of these two reactions were determined. Both [Cu(LH_–1)(Cl)] and [Cu₂(LH_–2)₂] catalyze with equal efficiency the hydrolysis of 2-methyl-4-benzyl-5(4H)-oxazolone in aqueous solutions at a given pH. The UV spectra of both complexes in water at similar pH values are identical. Thus, both complexes must be interconvertible in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the absence of any electrophoretically mobile particles in neutral aqueous buffers is an indication that the complexes [Cu₂(LH^–2)₂] and [Cu(LH^–2)(H₂O)] are the predominant species in solution under these conditions.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2270–2275, October, 1991.     

Mixed metal complexes in solution. Part 4. Formation and stability of heterobinuclear complexes of cadmium(II)-citrate with some bivalent metal ions in aqueous solution

Summary The systems, Cd-Ni-citrate, Cd-Mn-citrate and Cd-Zn citrate have been investigated pH-metrically at 25°C and I = 0.1 mol dm^–3 (KNO₃).As previously found for analogous citrate systems (namely for Cu-Ni-, Cu-Zn- and Ni-Zn-citrate) the existence of mixed metal complexes of the type [MM(cit)₂H_–2]^4– has been shown. In addition, the species [MM(cit)₂H_–1]^3– was also found to be present for Cd-Ni- and Cd-Zn-citrate systems The significance of the formation of such species is discussed.The existence of mixed metal complexes is also discussed in connection with the transport and the absorption of metal ions in biological systems.     

Mixed metal complexes in solution. Thermodynamic and spectrophotometric study of copper(II)-citrate heterobinuclear complexes with nickel(II), zinc(II) or cadmium(II) in aqueous solution

Summary A thermodynamic study of Cu^II–M^II-citrate (M^II=Ni^II, Zn^II or Cd^II) ternary systems has been performed by means of potentiometric measurements of hydrogen ion concentration at different temperatures (10, 25, 35 and 45°C) and at I=0.1 mol dm^–3 (KNO₃).The different binary and ternary systems involved have been further characterized by visible spectra and by calculating the spectra ( versus ) of all the Cu^II complexes.The thermodynamic data suggest strong entropic stabilization for the species under discussion. As regards the visible spectral characteristics of Cu^II(d-d transitions), the substitution of one Cu^II ion in the dimer [Cu₂(cit)₂H_–2]^4– by Ni^II or Zn^II to form heterobinuclear [CuM(cit)₂H_–2]^4– complexes, gives rise to a change in the visible spectrum.     

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Chosen Heteropolytungstates and Their Ln(III) Complexes

The heteropolytungstates [(Na)P₅W₃₀O₁₁₀]^4– (I), [(Na)Sb₉W₂₁O₈₆]^18– (II) and [(Na)As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^27– (III) and the monovacant Keggin structure of the general formula [XW_11–xMo_xO₃₉]^n– (X-Si, P; n = 7 for P and 8 for Si) (IV) as well as their europium(III) complexes were studied. The structures of I–IV as well as the europium(III) encrypted [(Eu)P₅W₃₀O₁₁₀]^12– (VI), [(Eu)Sb₉W₂₁O₈₆]^16– (VII), [(Eu)As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^25– (VIII) and sandwiched [Eu(XW_11–xMo_xO₃₉)₂]^n– (n =11 for P and n = 13 for Si) (V) complexes were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The complexes were studied using UV-Vis absorption and luminescence, as well as the laser-induced europium ion luminescence spectroscopy. Absorption spectra of Nd(III) were used to characterize the complexes formed. Excitation and emission spectra of Eu(III) were obtained for solid complexes and their solutions. The relative luminescence intensities of the Eu(III) ion, expressed as the ratio of the two strongest lines at 594 nm and 615 nm, = I₆₁₅/I₅₉₄, which is sensitive to the environment of the primary coordination sphere about the Eu(III) ion, was calculated. In the case of the sandwiched [Eu(XW_11–xMo_xO₃₉)₂]^n– complexes a linear dependence of the luminescence quantum yield of Eu(III) ion, , (calculated using [Ru(bpy)₃]Cl₂ as a standard) on the content of Mo (number of atoms, x) in the [Eu(XW_11–xMo_xO₃₉)₂]^n– structure was observed.     

Studies on transition-metal nitrido and oxo complexes. Part VII(1). Substituted nitrido complexes of osmium and ruthenium

Summary Addition reactions of [MNCl₄]^– (M = Os or Ru) with ligands L or L to give [MNCl₄ · L]^– or [(MNCl₄)₂L]^2– (L = pyridine, pyridine-N-oxide,iso-quinoline or DMSO; L = hexamethylenetetramine, pyrazine or dioxan) are described. With NCO^–, [OsNCl₅]^– gives [OsN(NCO)₅]^2– but NCS^– gives a thionitrosyl complex, [Os(NS)(NCS)₅]^2–. Reactions of OsNCl₃(AsPh₃)₂ with pyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and tertiary phosphites and phosphinites have been studied, as have reactions of triphenylphosphine with OsOCl₄ andtrans- [MO₂Cl₄]^2– (M = Os or Ru). The nitrido-iodo complexes [OsNI₄]^– and OsNI₃, (SbPh₃)₂ are also reported.     

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation by metalions. Part XI(1). Kinetics of the osmium(VIII)-catalysed oxidation of glycols by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III)

Summary The kinetics of the Os^VIII-catalysed oxidation of glycols by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III) ion exhibits zerothorder dependence in [Fe(CN) ₆ ^3– ] and first-order dependence in [OsO₄]. The order with respect to glycols is less than unity, whereas the rate dependence on [OH^–] is a combination of two rate constants; one independent of and the other first-order in [OH^–]. These observations are commensurate with a mechanism in which two complexes, [OsO₄(H₂O)G]^– and [OsO₄(OH)G]^2–, are formed either from [OsO₄(H₂O)(OH)]^– or [OsO₄(OH)₂]^2– and the glycol GH, or by [OsO₄(H₂O)₂] and [OsO₄(H₂O)(OH)]^– and the glycolate ion, G^–, which is in equilibrium with the glycol GH through the reaction between GH and OH^–. Hence there is an ambiguity about the true path for the formation of the two Os^VIII-glycol complexes. A reversal in the reactivity order of glycols in the two rate-determining steps, despite the common attack of OH^– ion on the two species of Os^VIII-complexes, indicates that the two complexes are structurally different because S changes from the negative (corresponding to k₁₁) to positive (related to k₂).     

Synthesis of mono- and binuclear dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes derived from N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazones: X-ray crystal structures of [(MoO2L)2], [MoO2Lpy] and [MoO2Lpy]

Four molybdenum(VI) thiosemicarbazonato complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The dinuclear complexes [(MoO₂L¹)₂] (1) and [(MoO₂L²)₂] (3) have been prepared by the reaction of [MoO₂(acac)₂] with 2-hydroxyacetophenone N(4)-cyclohexyl (H₂L¹) and N(4)-phenyl (H₂L²) thiosemicarbazones in alcoholic medium. Mononuclear dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes of the type [MoO₂L¹py] (2) and [MoO₂L²py] (4) have been prepared by the reaction of 1 or 3 with pyridine (py) in alcoholic medium. In all the complexes, molybdenum is coordinated by two terminal oxo-oxygen atoms, (O_t), oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms from the principal ligand and by an oxygen atom from the second unit in 1, and by a nitrogen atom from pyridine in complexes 2 and 4. All complexes have been spectroscopically characterized. The molecular structures of complexes 1, 2 and 4 have been determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method.     

Synthesis and spectral characterization of homobimetallic molybdenum(VI) complexes derived from bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde)succinoyldihydrazone

The reaction of bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde)succinoyldihydrazone with bis(acetylacetonato)dioxomolybdenum(VI) (MoO₂(acac)₂) in 1 : 3 molar ratio in EtOH : water mixture (95 : 5) affords a complex of composition [(MoO₂)₂(nsh)(H₂O)₂] · C₂H₅OH. The reaction of [(MoO₂)₂(nsh)(H₂O)₂] · C₂H₅OH with Lewis bases, namely pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, and 4-picoline, yields [(MoO₂)₂(nsh)(B)₂] · C₂H₅OH (where B = pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, and 4-picoline). Further, when this complex was reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine in 1 : 3 molar ratio in anhydrous ethanol the binuclear complexes [(μ₂-O)₂(MoO₂)₂(H₄nsh)(phen)] · C₂H₅OH and [(μ₂-O)₂(MoO₂)₂(H₄nsh)(bpy)] · C₂H₅OH were obtained. All of the complexes have been characterized by analytical, magnetic moment, and molar conductivity data. The structures of the complexes have been discussed in the light of electronic, IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

Zwitterionic adducts from addition of imines to the α-carbon atom of pentacarbonyl(vinylidene)chromium and -tungsten complexes

Imines, Im, such as MeN=C(Ph)H (5), 2-methyl 4,5-dihydrothiazole (8a), 2-methyl 4,5-dihydrooxazole (8b) and MeN=C(OMe)Me (13) add to the α-carbon atom of the vinylidene ligand in [(CO)₅Cr=C=CMe₂] (4) to give isolable zwitterionic adducts, [(CO)₅Cr⁻–C(=CMe₂)(Im⁺)]. The reaction of [(CO)₅W=C=CPh₂] (12) with 13 also yields an adduct, [(CO)₅W⁻–C(=CPh₂){NMe=C(OMe)Me}⁺] (15), whereas from the corresponding reaction of 4 with xanthylideneimine, H–N=C(C₆H₄)₂O (16), a carbene complex, [(CO)₅Cr=C(i-Pr)–N=C(C₆H₄)₂O] (17), is obtained. Complex 17 presumably is formed by initial addition of 16 to 4 and subsequently rapid rearrangement. In solution, the adduct [(CO)₅Cr⁻–C(=CMe₂)(NMe=C(Ph)H)⁺] (6) slowly cyclizes to form the 2-azetidin-1-ylidene complex [(CO)₅Cr= Me₂] (7). In contrast, when solution of those zwitterions are heated that are formed by addition of 4,5-dihydrothiazole or 4,5-dihydrooxazole to 4, no cyclization is observed but rather the formation of 4,5-dihydrothiazole and 4,5-dihydrooxazole complexes, respectively. The structures of two adducts, [(CO)₅Cr⁻–C(=CMe₂)(Im⁺)] (Im=MeN=C(Ph)H, 2-methyl 4,5-dihydrothiazole) and of the substitution product [(CO)₅W(2-methyl 4,5-dihydrothiazole)] have been established by X-ray structural analyses.     

Binuclear complexes with uranyl ions in non-equivalent coordination environments: synthesis and electrochemistry of complexes with binucleating aroyl hydrazones and 2,2′-bipyridine

The binuclear complexes [(UO₂bipy)₂L^1–3]NO₃, (1–3), {H₃L^1–3=1-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-benzal/3-methoxybenzal/naphthal)hydrazine}, and [(UO₂bipy)₂L^4–5](AcO)₂, (4–5), [H₂L^4–5 = 1-(2-aminobenzoyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-benzal/naphthal)hydrazine], have been synthesised. Complexes (4–5) possess longer O=U=O bonds than those in the complexes (1–3) as the strong -donating phenolate is replaced by the amino group. The spectral data and electrochemical behaviour confirm the electronic nonequivalence of the coordination environments around the two uranyl ions in these complexes.     

Copper(I) complexes of nitrogen-sulphur ligands. 1-Phenyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thione and its protonated form as ligands in copper(I) complexes. Chemical,spectroscopic, conductivity and polarographic studies

Summary 1-Phenyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thione (L) and its protonated cation 1-phenyl-4,6-dimethyl pyrimidinium-2-thione , have been employed to prepare the following copper(I) complexes: CuXL (X=Cl, Br, I, ClO₄ or BF₄), (CuX)₃L₂ (X=Cl, Br, I or SCN), (CuX)₂L₅ (X= ClO₄ or BF₄) and the zwitterionic species CuXY(LH) X=Y=Cl, Br or I; X=Br; Y=Cl; X=I; Y=Br). Chemical analysis, conductivity, and near-and far-i.r. spectroscopic data are presented and the chemical relationships between them discussed in terms of postulated dinuclear or polynuclear species for the complexes. Metalligand vibrations suggest that the neutral ligand is N, S-bidentate in its copper(I) complexes as well as S-coordinat for the cation in the zwitterionic compounds. Diagnostic i.r. bands frequencies of counterions and (Cu–X) modes indicate the coordinating character of Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, SCN^– and of ClO ₄ ^– , BF ₄ ^– (in CuXL) anions. For the chloro-complexes CuClL and (CuCl)₃L₂, salt-like species of the [CuL₂][CuCl₂] and [{Cu₂L₂Cl}_n] [CuCl₂]_n type respectively, are proposed. The polarographic data for the perchlorate complexes have shown that in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, the prevailing species are CuClO₄L, CuClO₄L₂ and (CuClO₄)₂L₅; their overall stability constants were determined.     

Kinetic and equilibrium study of substitution reactions oftrans-tetracyanodioxorhenate(V) ions with monodentate nucleophiles

Summary The kinetics of the substitution reactions of the protonated froms oftrans-tetracyanodioxorthenate(V) with thiourea (TU),N-methylthiourea (NMTU),N, N-dimethylthiourea (NNDMTU) and hydrazoic acid (HN₃) were studied. The results were compared with those obtained for similar reactions of [WO₂(CN)₄]^4–. This study showed that the diprotonated form [ReO(H₂O)(CN)₄]^– is the only species reactive towards substitution reactions (and not the [ReO(OH)(CN)₄]^2– ion) and that only the aqua ligand in [ReO(H₂O)(CN)₄]^– is substituted by the incoming group. A dissociative mechanism is proposed for the substitution reactions between [ReO(H₂O)(CN)₄]^– and the monodentate nucleophiles. The i.r. data for these Re^v complexes are reported and discussed in terms of the relativetrans influence of the various monodentate ligands.     

Synthesis,spectroscopic, magnetic,conductometric and electro-chemical investigations of nickel(II)-1-phenyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thione complexes

Summary Tris-, bis- and mono-ligand complexes of Ni^II with 1-phenyl-4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thione (L) having the general formulae NiL₃X₂·2H₂O (X = ClO _inf4 ^p– , BF _inf4 ^p– ), NiL₂X₂ (X = Cl^–, Br^–, SCN^– or NO _inf3 ^p– ), NiL₂X₂·EtOAc (X = Br^– or I^–), NiL₂X₂·H₂O·EtOH (X = I^– or NO _inf3 ^p– ) and NiLCl₂·3H₂O, were synthesized and their structures deduced from i.r. and electronic spectra, and magnetic properties. The combined evidence is consistent with an octahedral coordination for the Ni^II ion in all the complexes, with the ligand acting as a bidentate N,S-chelating agent. Spectral evidence, conductivity data and electro-chemical results in DMF solution show that the complexes undergo solvolysis readily. Polarographic and c.v. data for the [NiL₃](ClO₄)₂·2H₂O complex and for the [Ni-(DMF)₆](ClO₄)₂-L systems, at increasing ligand concentrations, have shown that in DMF solution the [Ni(DMF)₆]²⁺ cation prevails and that the thiopyrimidine-containing species, [NiL(DMF)₅]²⁺ (L = N-monodentate ligand) , can be formed only in the presence of a large excess of free ligand.Author to whom all correspondence should be directed.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and magnetic property of a binuclear iron(III) citrate complex

The compound (Hql)₂[Fe₂(cit)₂(H₂O)₂]·4H₂O (1) [ql = quinoline, cit^4– = C(O^–)(CO^– ₂)(CH₂CO^– ₂)₂], prepared by reacting ferric nitrate, sodium citrate and quinoline in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 in aqueous solution, was characterized by density measurements, elementary analysis, i.r., X-ray crystallography and magnetic measurements. The X-ray crystallography results reveal that the molecule (1) consists of a binuclear iron(III) citrate anionic complex [Fe₂(cit)₂(H₂O)₂]^2– and two protonated quinolines [Hql]⁺. The anionic complex has a centro-symmetric structure, in which two Fe³⁺ ions are bridged by two ₂-alkoxo groups of the two deprotonated citrate ligands. The other coordination sites of the two slightly distorted octahedra are completed by all the carboxylate groups of the two cit^4– ligands in a monodentate mode, and two coordinated water molecules. Magnetic measurements indicate that the two Fe³⁺ ions are antiferromagnetically coupled below 200 K. A least-squares fit of variable-temperature (1.5–291 K) molar susceptibility data to a dimer model gave the coupling constant J/k = –6.35(7) K and Landé factor g = 2.052(9), where the spin-only Heisenberg–Dirac–van Vleck Hamiltonian is expressed as H = –2J S ₁ S ₂.     

Interaction of Phosphorus Iminoilides with Metal Acetates. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Cu[(2-O–)(5-NO2)C6H3N–CH=CH–+PPh3]2 · 2CHCl3

The structure of the Cu[(2-O^–)(5-NO₂)C₆H₃N–CH=CH–⁺PPh₃]₂ complex with the CuN₂O₂ coordination core of distorted square-planar geometry was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecules in the crystal structure of the Cu[(2-O^–)(5-NO₂)C₆H₃N–CH=CH–⁺PPh₃]₂ · 2CHCl₃ solvate are bound via hydrogen bonds of two types, namely, C(sp ²)–H···O and C(sp ³)–H···O.     

1, 1-Dithiolato-bridged heterobimetallic complexes containing a transition metal ion and oxouranium(VI)

Summary Anionic complexes [UO₂(1, 1-dithiolate)₂]^2– interact strongly with transition metal ions to yield a new class of dithiolato-bridged heterobimetallic complexes MUO₂(1, 1-dithiolate)₂ (M=Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II, Zn^II or Pb^II, 1, 1-dithiolate = isomaleonitrile dithiolate (i-MNT^2–) and trithiocarbonate (CS ₃ ^2– )). (Et₄N)₂[UO₂(i-MNT)₂] and (Et₄N)₂[UO₂(CS₃)₂] have also been prepared. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, i.r., u.v.-vis. and e.s.r. spectral studies. The heterobimetallic complexes are non-electrolytic, whereas (Et₄N)₂-[UO₂ (i-MNT)₂] and (Et₄N)₂[UO₂(CS₃)₂] are 21 electrolytes. The i.r. data indicate symmetrical bidentate bridging behaviour for the dithiolate ligands. Magnetic moments, electronic spectra and e.s.r. studies are commensurate with a square planar environment around Co^II, Ni^II and Cu^II.     

Effect of coordination with rhodium on the selectivity of the mass spectral fragmentation of 4,4-disubstituted 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ones

Conclusion A comparative study was carried out on the electron impact fragmentation of 4,4-disubstituted 1-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienes and their rhodium acetylacetonate complexes. The coordination of the diene ligands with rhodium leads to an increase in the selectivity of the decomposition of the molecular ions, which occurs exclusively with loss of the most stable radical located at the geminal unit of the hydrocarbon -ligand and leads to (4-methyl-1-oxocyclohexadienyl) acetylacetonatorhodium cations.2. 15-, 16-, 17-, and 18-Electron complexes containing 4,4-dialkyl-1-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadiene (L) or 4-methyl-1-oxocyclohexadienyl ligands are obtained in the reaction of [acacRh · (CO)_n]⁺ and [(C₅H₅)Rh(CO)_n]⁺ ions (n=0–2) with 4,4-disubstituted 1-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienes in the gas phase. The formation of [acacRh(CO)L]⁺ and [(C₅H₅)Rh(CO)L]⁺ ions indicated the reduced -donor capacity of 1-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienes relative to 1-alkylidene-2,5-cyclohexadienes in reactions with rhodium-containing cations.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1088–1093, May, 1986.     

Electrochemical and chemical reduction studies of molybdenum(VI)-and molybdenum (V)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complexes

Summary The electrochemical reduction characteristics of the molyb-denum(VI)-and molybdenum(V)-ethylenediaminetetraacetate complexes, [(MoO₃)₂Y]^4– and [Mo₂O₄Y]^2– respectively have been investigated as a function of pH and free ligand concentration. The nature of chemical reduction of these two complexes with sodium borohydride and sodium dithionite have also been studied in acetate and borate buffers. The electroactive species undergoing electrode reductions have been ascertained by analysing polarograms of the complexes. A mechanism has been proposed to account for the differences observed in the reactivities of these two complexes.     

Synthesis,thermal and spectral studies of oxoperoxo and dioxo complexes of vanadium(V), molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) with 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl/aryl)benzimidazole

Reaction of 2-(-hydroxymethyl)benzimidazole or 2-(-hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole (LH) with the peroxovanadium(V) species, generated in situ by stirring V₂O₅, KOH and 30% aqueous H₂O₂, gives the corresponding complexes of formula K[VO(O₂)L₂]. Similar peroxo species of molybdenum and tungsten generated by stirring MoO₃ or WO₃·H₂O with an excess of 30% aqueous H₂O₂ readily react with 2-(-hydroxyethyl) benzimidazole in aqueous EtOH to give the peroxo complexes [MO(O₂)L₂] (M=Mo or W). The dioxo complexes of general formula [MO₂L₂] have also been isolated by the reaction of [MoO₂(acac)₂] or [WO₂- (acac)₂] (acacH=acetylacetone) with the above ligands and with 2-(-hydroxybenzyl)benzimidazole. The dioxo complexes are white, whereas peroxo complexes are light yellow to orange. The peroxo complexes generally decompose in two steps: (i) the decomposition of the peroxo group and (ii) the decomposition of the alkyl/aryl group followed by decomposition of the complete ligand. On the other hand, decomposition of the dioxo complexes follows only in a later step. All the peroxo complexes exhibit three i.r. active vibrational modes at ca. 860cm^–1, 760cm^–1 and 600cm^–1, characteristic of the ²-coordinated peroxo group. The dioxo complexes are dominated by the presence of two sharp bands in the 900cm^–1 region due to _sym(O=M=O) and _asym(O=M=O) modes. The (C=N) (ring) and (OH) shifts have also been measured in order to locate the coordination sites of the ligands. A broad band at ca. 400nm in the peroxovanadium(V) complexes, while the absorption at ca. 350nm in the peroxomolybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) complexes is assigned to the peroxo-metal charge transfer band.