X/Ka双频低温接收前端设计

低温接收机是深空探测地面应用系统的重要组成部分,深空测控距离遥远,需要挖掘一切潜力提高地面设备的接收能力。带圆极化网络制冷技术对改善深空系统接收品质因素G/T作用明显。提出了圆极化网络制冷的X/Ka双频低温接收前端设计的若干关键技术,并给出样品研制测试结果。测试结果表明,X频段低温接收前端噪声温度小于20K,Ka频段低温接收前端噪声温度小于30K。     

7mm波段制冷接收机用低温微波单元

简要介绍了7mm波段制冷接收机的系统组成,详细分析了低温微波单元的设计思路与指标要求,给出了真空微波窗口、馈源极化网络、低温隔离器与低温放大器的设计过程与指标分配;最后对低温微波单元所需的杜瓦进行了热分析、密封性分析与结构设计。     

高灵敏度高温超导接收机前端

概述了高温超导接收机前端在地面移动通信、为卫星有效载荷星上通信机和其它电子系统方面的应用.介绍了超导接收机中决定灵敏度最关键的器件高温超导带通滤波器和低噪声放大器的近年发展情况,进而介绍了高温超导接收机前端的技术发展开发.电子科技大学应用高温超导薄膜研制了X波段低插损(L=0.3dB)窄带通滤波器(BPF)和中频带通滤波器(IFBPF),同时研制了X波段工作于77K液氮温区的NF为0.36dB的低噪声放大器(LNA).引进了工作于77K液氮温区的插损为6dB的混频器(MIX)和中频放大器(IFA).从而研制成功国内第一台高温超导高灵敏度接受机前端系统.为尽可能提高接收机灵敏度,采用低插损、低导热的薄壁不锈钢电缆为输入端电路,组建了用液氮制冷的BPF-LNA-MIX-IFBPF-IFA电路型式的接收机前端电路.获得的主要指标为:工作频率:f=9500MHz;中频带宽:BIF=5MHz;工作温度:T=77K;灵敏度:S=-106.18dBm(24.1μμW);噪声温度:Te=58K.     

凝视型非制冷红外热像仪的优化设计

概述了凝视型非制冷热像仪作用距离估算的几种模型及其特点.采用NVTherm分析了320×240凝视型非制冷热像仪的调制传递函数、最小可分辨温差和探测距离.分析结果表小F/#、减小像元间距都能够改善凝视型非制冷热像仪的性能,增加作用距离.外场试验结果与NVTherm的仿真值符合得比较好,表明可以利用NVTherm对凝视型非制冷红外热像仪的设计过程进行优化,并能缩短设计周期.     

大口径低损耗微波真空窗设计

微波真空窗是宽频带低温接收机的关键部件,直接影响接收机的噪声温度。本文对馈源辐射张角、材料介电常数、大气压力等关键参数进行分析研究。通过理论设计、计算仿真、实验测试,完成了1.2～9 GHz宽频低温接收系统的大口径低损耗微波真空窗的研制,插损≤0.2 dB。突破了大口径馈源制冷的关键技术,解决了宽频低温接收系统噪声温度≤50 K的技术难题。     

空调制冷专业实验室建设探索

结合高等职业教育空调制冷专业实验室建设的实际情况,阐述了建设制冷专业实验室的必要性;根据制冷专业的特点和人才培养目标,分析了现有制冷专业实验室存在的一些问题,提出了具有建设性的意见;并对实验室进一步建设提出了规划方案,同时对现有的专业实验室提出了改进措施。     

超导滤波器在射电天文RFI中的应用

针对射电天文测站急需解决通信频率对制冷接收机严重干扰的问题，本论文研制了一款S波段的高温超导滤波器，并将其应用在射电望远镜中，对通讯干扰频率的抑制作用进行了验证，表明在对原接收机性能指标不影响的情况下，对测站干扰点最强的2.143 GHz以下频段抑制度达到了114 dB，取得了很好的应用效果。     

S/X波段低损耗波导真空窗技术研究

低损耗波导真空窗具有优异的微波特性和真空密封性能,是高灵敏度致冷接收机的关键部件.文中介绍了波导真空窗的工作原理和应用场合,给出了详细的设计模型和性能指标.     

平面弯曲波导耦合器的特性分析

根据耦合模理论和弯曲波导耦合器的结构特点,对平面弯曲波导耦合器的特性进行了分析,结果表明弯曲波导耦合器的弯曲半径和最小间距两个可调变量,增加了波导器件设计的灵活性;同时由于等效耦合长度的调制作用使得弯曲波导耦合器在波分复用/解复用中比平行直波导耦合器具有更大的复用带宽;分析了弯曲半径和最小间距对弯曲波导耦合器复用带宽的影响,为实际波导器件的设计制作提供了一定的理论依据.     

低温接收机电源及监控系统的研制

针对低温接收机的功能特点和应用需求,对工程化低温接收机电源及监控系统的研制进行了详细论述,阐述了其从系统到各功能模块的具体研制设计方法。采用模块化板卡设计,使低温接收机监控系统有很强的通用性、扩展性和兼容性。该系统目前成功应用于射电天文、国家深空观测网等多个领域的低温接收机上,性能满足需求,对保障国家射电天文观测和深空测控任务具有重要作用。     

Cleaning of artificially soiled paper using nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses

Cleaning of cultural assets, especially fragile organic materials like paper, is a part of the conservation process. Laser radiation as a non-contact tool offers prospects for that purpose. For the studies presented here, paper model samples were prepared using three different paper types (pure cellulose, rag paper, and wood-pulp paper). Pure cellulose serves as reference material. Rag and wood-pulp paper represent essential characteristics of the basic materials of real-world artworks. The papers were mechanically soiled employing pulverized charcoal. Pure and artificially soiled paper samples were treated with laser pulses of 28 fs (800 nm wavelength) and 8–12 ns (532 nm) duration in a multi pulse approach. Additionally, the cellulose reference material was processed with 30 ps (532 nm) laser pulses. Damage and cleaning thresholds of pure and soiled paper were determined for the different laser regimes. Laser working ranges allowing for removal of contamination and avoiding permanent modification to the substrate were found. The specimens prior and after laser illumination were characterized by light-optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as multi spectral imaging analysis. The work extends previous nanosecond laser cleaning investigations on paper into the ultra-short pulse duration domain.     

载Au@Ag核壳复合双金属纳米棒的复合滤纸用作SERS基底

通过静电相互作用将单分散性良好的Au@Ag核壳复合双金属纳米棒(Au@AgNRs)负载于滤纸,制得载Au@AgNRs的复合滤纸。用扫描电子显微镜观察了使用不同Au@AgNRs溶液制备的复合滤纸Au@AgNRs中的分布情况,并统计了单位面积滤纸中Au@AgNRs的粒子数。将制得的载不同数量Au@AgNRs复合滤纸用作表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)基底,通过擦拭载玻片检测了其表面吸附的微量二硫化四甲基秋兰姆,发现使用150 nmol·L-1 Au@AgNRs溶液制备的复合滤纸具有较好的增强效果和检测重复性,十次重复检测结果的相对标准偏差为3.1%,检测线性范围为10-14~10-7 mol·L-1。载Au@AgNRs复合滤纸可作为SERS基底用于蔬菜水果表面农残的检测。     

Effect of calendering on paper surface properties

Calendering of paper is an industrial finishing process designed to smoothen its surface so as to improve gloss as well as printability. In this article, we describe how calendering affects paper roughness on both microscopic and macroscopic length scales. We also discuss how these modifications relate to the morphology of the fibers composing the paper sheets. The characterization of the surface is carried out using an optical profilometer and two different species of fibers, as well as their mixture, are used. We first show that calendering induces modifications of the surface on all length scales measured and that these modifications are related by straightforward transformations. We also show that these results hold for papers formed from a mixture of fibers.     

Electronics with and on paper

Today there is a strong interest in the scientific and industrial community concerning the use of biopolymers for electronic applications, driven mainly by low‐cost and disposable applications. Adding to this interest, we must recognise the importance of the dream of wireless auto‐sustained and low‐energy‐consumption electronics. This dream can be fulfilled by cellulose paper, the lightest and the cheapest known substrate material, as well as the Earth's major biopolymer and of tremendous global economic importance. Most of the paper used up to now is optimised in terms of the required mechanical and physical properties to be used as the support of inks of different origins. In the future, specific electronic heterogeneous paper sheets should be fabricated aiming to get paper fibers with required bulk and surface functionalities, proper water/vapour barrier, size and diameter/thickness of the fibrils and full paper thickness. This will be the function of components/devices to be incorporated/integrated such as thin‐film transistors, complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices, passive electronic components (resistances, inductors and capacitors), memory transistors, electrochromics and thin‐film paper batteries. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

《大学物理实验》试卷的分析

本文统计分析了１５８名学生《大学物理实验》的考试结果,对每道试题及整张试卷的信度、区分度、难度进行了计算分析,讨论了信度、区分度、难度之间的关系及具体取值范围．评估了各试题及整张试卷的质量,为《大学物理实验》试题库的建立、提高和完善提供了依据．     

延安时期红色文献的红外光谱无损检测研究

延安是中国共产党领导革命的中心和战略总后方,是革命的红色摇篮。延安时期出版了大量具有历史、文化以及教育意义的红色文献,这些红色文献记载了中国共产党波澜壮阔的发展历程,也反映了延安时期不断发展的科技生产水平与独特的制浆造纸工艺,具有重要的研究价值。然而,延安时期出版的红色文献虽距今不到百年时间,但其保存现状不容乐观,普遍存在纸张老化、焦脆易碎等问题,大量文献急需科学检测与修复保护,以延长其保存寿命。目前,针对延安时期红色文献的检测研究仍存在较大空白。考虑到红色文献的珍贵性与特殊性,应当尽可能选择无损检测方法对其分析检测。基于衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱法（ATR-FTIR）,以木素1 510 cm-1处特征峰与纤维素1 030 cm-1处特征峰的强度作为定量依据,建立了造纸原料与红色文献纸张中木素相对含量的无损检测方法。通过检测不同碱强度与碱浓度处理后的构皮、苦竹与杨木的木素含量,考察了制浆过程中碱处理条件对造纸原料脱木素程度的影响,同时体现了红外光谱法测定木素相对含量的普适性。以复旦大学图书馆藏的76册延安时期红色文献为研究对象,分析了红色文献的纸张木素含量与纸张pH值以及纸张氧化度的相互关系。结果表明,木素相对含量高于25%的红色文献,其纸张pH集中在3～4之间且纸张氧化度较高,文献整体保存状况堪忧;而木素相对含量低于25%的红色文献,其纸张氧化度与酸度较低,文献整体保存情况较好。以上结果验证了红外光谱无损检测法用于延安时期红色文献木素含量分析的可行性,并结合纸张氧化度与酸度数据提出了纸张木素含量的合适范围,为制浆造纸中植物原料的脱木素过程提供参考。拓展了红外光谱法在红色文献无损检测中的应用范围,以期为延安时期红色文献的修复与保护研究提供科学依据。     

Chromatographic paper embedded with silver nanostructure as a disposable substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and catalytic reactor

The high cost of regular diagnostic kits severely impeded its uses for routine clinical assay and fieldworks. A cost‐effective chromatography paper is chemically modified with Ag nanostructures using the simple electroless silver deposition, producing a scalable and disposable substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, as well as a large scale of catalytic active sites over many chemical reactions. Synergetic measurement including surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and laser desorption ionization‐mass spectrometry is performed on Ag decorated filter paper using a thiol containing compound as indicator, allowing for the acquisition of spatially correlated spectroscopy in the tandem mode. In addition, hydrophilic porous cellulose network that contains a certain amount of liquid naturally served as a chemical reactor for molecular transport and reaction. Positive results from catalytic reaction on metallized paper convincingly demonstrated that total microanalysis system on paper (μ‐TASoP), as a compelling alternative would find a wide breadth of applications in developing disposable medical devices and customary laboratory assays. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrodynamic cavitation as a novel approach for delignification of wheat straw for paper manufacturing

The present work deals with application of hydrodynamic cavitation for intensification of delignification of wheat straw as an essential step in the paper manufacturing process. Wheat straw was first treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) for 48 h and subsequently alkali treated wheat straw was subjected to hydrodynamic cavitation. Hydrodynamic cavitation reactor used in the work is basically a stator and rotor assembly, where the rotor is provided with indentations and cavitational events are expected to occur on the surface of rotor as well as within the indentations. It has been observed that treatment of alkali treated wheat straw in hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for 10–15 min increases the tensile index of the synthesized paper sheets to about 50–55%, which is sufficient for paper board manufacture. The final mechanical properties of the paper can be effectively managed by controlling the processing parameters as well as the cavitational parameters. It has also been established that hydrodynamic cavitation proves to be an effective method over other standard digestion techniques of delignification in terms of electrical energy requirements as well as the required time for processing. Overall, the work is first of its kind application of hydrodynamic cavitation for enhancing the effectiveness of delignification and presents novel results of significant interest to the paper and pulp industry opening an entirely new area of application of cavitational reactors.     

Permanence and durability of digital prints on paper

The paper used as a printing substrate in electro photographical techniques should achieve appropriate structure, surface and optical properties as well as thermal stability. Printing products are often exposed to negative influence from external climate conditions. Surface treatment with varnishing and lamination is a common solution for protecting the final products against light, higher temperatures and elevated relative humidity.In the context of the applied research done in cooperation with the printing industry we studied permanence and durability of paper, image of prints and final printed product. We were also examining the influence of accelerated artificial ageing of paper and colour prints in electro photographic printing technique (Xeikon), with two types of surface treatment on the quality of the printed products.Determination of basic physical, chemical and surface characteristics (mechanical strength, optical and colorimetric characteristics of paper) as well as the evaluation of permanence according to EN ISO 9706 (∞) have shown unsuitable optical and colorimetric properties of paper. The evaluation of durability of paper and prints after accelerated artificial ageing according to the EN ISO 5630-3 standard indicates unsuitable optical and colorimetric properties, which consequently cause low optical and colorimetric stability. Colour prints with a surface protection of polymer varnish or foil protection are very unstable, causing deterioration of colour, contrasts and colour balance.The results of research work are very useful for the evaluation of durable printing paper used for various new digital printing systems and for evaluation of printing material of permanent quality. PACS Q-II.02     

Detection and evaluation of security features embedded in paper using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

We propose a new method for authenticating valuable paper sheets such as gift coupons, tickets, and cheques with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). This method is based on the detection and evaluation of cross-sectional structural characteristics of valuable paper sheets provided with security features. Commonly used as a security feature is a security thread, which is embedded in such paper sheets. In this paper, the nondestructive detection of the embedded security thread is demonstrated using spectral-domain OCT. The results showed that the security thread was clearly visualized in the OCT image despite the highly scattering nature of papers.