Optimization of the slowly actively Q-switched laser

By taking into account turnoff time of the slowly active Q-switch, the coupled equations of a slowly actively Q-switched laser are given. These rate equations are solved numerically. The key parameters of an optimally coupled actively Q-switched laser with the turnoff time are determined, and a group of general curves are generated for the first time. These key parameters include the optimal normalized coupling parameter which maximizes the output energy, and the corresponding normalized energy, normalized peak power and normalized pulse width. The curves clearly show the dependence of the optimal key parameters on the parameters of the gain medium and the resonator. In addition, the importance of including turnoff time of the slowly active Q-switch is also shown. The optimal calculations for an actively Q-switched Nd:YVO₄ laser with acoustic–optic modulator are presented to demonstrate the use of the curves and the related formulas.     

Smaller Output Beam Divergence in the Slowly Opened Q-Switch Operation

The mechanism of the slowly opened Q-switch operation was investigated thoroughly. Maximum energy extraction from the resonator could be optimized, and the smallest output beam divergence could be achieved. In this article, we present a detailed analysis that has numerically verified the mode-selection mechanism in the slowly opened Q-switch operation, and the degree of the smaller output laser beam divergence that has been achieved. The mechanism of the slowly opened Q-switch operation is the inherent advantage of the passive saturable absorber in this operation. We can use the maximum energy extraction and the smallest output beam divergence results of the slowly opened Q-switch operation to design and optimize various passive saturable absorbers: plastic dye sheets, LiF:F₂⁻ color center crystals, Cr4⁺: YAG crystals, RG1000 color glass filters, and the single crystal semiconductor saturable absorber wafers that are in developed in our microchip laser systems.     

Efficient Nd:YVO_4 laser in-band pumped by wavelength-locked 913.9-nm laser diode and Q-switch operation

An efficient 1064-nm Nd:YVO_4laser in-band pumped by a wavelength-locked laser diode(LD) at 913.9 nm was demonstrated. The maximum continuous wave(CW) output power of 23.4 W at 1064 nm was realized with the incident pump power of 40 W, corresponding to a total optical-to-optical efficiency of 58.5%. This is to the best of our knowledge the highest total optical-to-optical efficiency and output power of Nd:YVO_4laser in-band pumped by a 913.9-nm laser diode.The Q-switched operation of this laser was also investigated. Through a contrast experiment of pumping at 808 nm, the experimental results showed that an Nd:YVO_4laser in-band pumped by a wavelength-locked LD at 913.9 nm had excellent pulse stability and beam quality for high repetition rate Q-switching operation.     

Study of apodizing holographic gratings using Boundary Integral Method

Apodizing holographic gratings are studied using Boundary Integral Method (BIM). Such integrals are solved by using Boundary Element Method (BEM). Profile shape of diffracted beams of different orders and diffraction efficiency in normal and Littrow configurations have been obtained employing this method. It is shown that diffracted beams of +1 and −1 orders have smooth profile shapes. Zero-order beam is affected by ripples, which can be decreased by limiting the width of incident beam.     

多模式输出掺镱光纤激光器的实验研究

实验研究了环行腔掺镱光纤激光器的运行特性.发现在由未完全泵浦的掺镱光纤充当的慢可饱和吸收体与偏振控制器和偏振敏感型隔离器所组成的等效快可饱和吸收体的共同作用下,仔细调节偏振控制器的角度与泵浦功率的大小,掺镱光纤激光器可分别稳定地工作在连续、调Q、调Q锁模和连续锁模多种运转方式.对于不同的运转方式,从原理上给予了一定的解释,并对各种运转方式的工作条件进行了详细研究.由于其具有全光纤结构,且腔内不含任何主动器件,同时有良好的稳定性.     

Continuous-wave and Q-switched laser operation of Nd:Gd0.18Y0.82VO4 mixed crystal

Efficient continuous-wave (cw), passively Q-switched, and actively Q-switched laser operations are demonstrated with a mixed vanadate crystal of Nd:Gd_0.18Y_0.82VO₄ under diode pumping. In a cw operation, an output power of 8.25 W is obtained at a maximum available incident pump power (P_in) of 15 W, with a slope efficiency of 56%. Using a Cr⁴⁺:YAG crystal of initial transmission of 62% as the saturable absorber for Q-switching, an average output power of 3.05 W is generated at pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 16.7 kHz when the laser is pumped with the same maximum P_in. The pulse energy, pulse duration, and peak power are 183.3 μJ, 6.0 ns, and 30.6 kW, respectively. When actively Q-switched by an acousto-optic modulator, the laser produces an average output power of 5.5 W at PRF of 30 kHz with 16.2 W of pump power incident upon the laser crystal. The pulse energy, duration, and peak power are measured to be 183 μJ, 10.5 ns, and 17.5 kW, respectively.     

Q-switched operation of a Nd:YCOB laser

Q-switched operation of a Nd:YCOB laser is demonstrated. A Nd:YCOB crystal was end-pumped by laser diodes operating at a wavelength of 0.8 μm and with a peak power of 22 W, and Q-switching was achieved by the spinning disc technique. Pulses that were as short as 50 ns and with up to 0.5 mJ of energy were obtained. After optimization, a threshold of 0.5 mJ and a slope efficiency of 13% were achieved.     

Efficient pulse operation of Nd:GdVO4 laser with AO Q-switch

We realized an efficient laser diode-pumped Nd:GdVO₄ laser with crystals grown by the floating zone method. In the lasing experiment, a slope efficiency of 78% was achieved with a 1 at.% Nd-doped crystal by pumping at 879 nm. Furthermore, excellent pulsed laser operation was demonstrated with the Nd:GdVO₄ crystal by using an acousto-optical (AO) Q-switch. A pulse width of 7 ns was observed when the pulse-repetition frequency was 40 kHz. It is the shortest pulse width recorded in the case of the AO Q-switched Nd:GdVO₄ laser.     

Three-dimensional evolution of ultrashort pulses in dispersive media beyond the slowly varying envelope approximation

A new analytical solution for the three-dimensional evolution of femtosecond pulses in a medium with group velocity dispersion is presented. It is found that for Gaussian pulses as short as a few optical cycles, the coupling between spatial and temporal parameters becomes important, which will cause breakdown of the slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA) equation.     

PTS装置工作模式及波形调节

为了对即将建成的PTS装置的实验能力进行分析,对装置的工作模式及波形调节能力进行了分析。装置具有三种工作模式:短脉冲模式、长脉冲模式和波形调节模式。在不同的工作模式下,装置可以进行不同负载的实验研究。在基本工作模式下,在15 nH负载上输出前沿90 ns、幅值8~10 MA脉冲电流。通过电路模拟,对装置在三种工作模式下预计的负载电流输出进行了分析,短脉冲模式下装置负载电流的上升时间约90 ns,长脉冲模式时约200 ns,波形调节模式时可以达到400 ns。模拟结果表明,通过调节激光触发气体开关的触发方式和脉冲输出开关及装置其他参数,PTS装置可以输出脉冲前沿100~400 ns、波形形状在一定范围可调的强电流脉冲。     

Mode selection in a caricature of eutectic solidification

We have studied the problem of mode selection, specifically, selection of the lamellar spacing, in eutectic solidification, by constructing a caricature of a thin-film eutectic solidifying at constant velocity in the presence of a finite temperature gradient and in a slightly noisy environment. Our model incorporates mechanisms which allow termination of substable lamellae and creation of new lamellae by the splitting of lamellae larger than a spacing _max. We have studied this model both by a simple analytic approximation and by computer simulation. We find that both the steady state spacing and the regularity of the pattern are sensitively dependent on the ratio _max/_min, where _min is the minimum spacing required for steady state stability. An additional result to emerge from our investigation is that when _max becomes less than a critical value, the system apparently undergoes a transition into a chaotic state.For a review of the eutectic problem see Ref. 2.     

吹气对氮气火花隙开关重复频率运行性能的影响

 基于紧凑重复频率Tesla变压器实验平台,运用设计加工的紧凑型内部气流循环式火花隙开关,对吹气提高火花隙开关重复频率运行性能进行系统的实验研究,结果表明：重复频率小于50 Hz时,火花隙开关击穿电压不稳定度(RMS)小于5%,不需要吹气;在给定吹气速度下,火花隙开关重复频率运行存在临界重复频率;火花隙开关重复频率运行存在最佳吹气速度,且最佳吹气速度与重复频率之间满足线性关系,并可由实验确定;在优化吹气速度条件下,当气压处于0.7~1.5 MPa范围时,该火花隙开关击穿电压不稳定度(RMS)小于3%;在2.0 MPa的压强范围内,该吹气式火花隙开关可稳定工作至重复频率300 Hz,击穿电压400 kV。     

nc-Si/SiNx超晶格薄膜实现Nd:YAG激光器调Q和锁模

采用射频磁控反应溅射法制备a-Si/SiNx超晶格薄膜材料,热退火后形成纳米Si晶粒。把nc-Si/SiNx薄膜作为饱和吸收体插入Nd:YAG激光器腔内,在腔长较短时,实现1.06μm激光的被动调Q运转,获得最小脉宽23ns的调Q单脉冲输出,当腔长增加到124cm时,获得平均脉宽35ps的锁模脉冲序列。根据实验现象结合薄膜结构,分析了材料调Q与锁模的产生机制,并研究了不同工作条件下的调Q输出性能。     

一种新型缺陷模迁移光子晶体全光开关设计

提出了一种新型缺陷位移光子晶体全光开关.基质光子晶体通过在硅介质上构造三角形周期排列的空气孔形成,同时引入线缺陷和点缺陷,获得了一种具有高品质缺陷模的光子晶体点、线混合缺陷结构.在此基础上,通过点缺陷处填充克尔型非线性光学介质-有机聚合物含对甲苯磺酸取代基的聚二乙炔(PDA-PTS),调节控制光使缺陷模发生动态迁移,从...     

强流电子束加速器运行过程电磁辐射的实验研究

强流电子束加速器运行时,临近的计算机和示波器会发生黑屏,这是由于在该过程中产生了较强的电磁辐射干扰。采用实验研究的方法,对实验室研制的强流电子束加速器产生的电磁辐射进行了测量和分析。结果表明：强流电子束加速器产生的电磁辐射主要来源于初级气体开关触发、初级气体开关导通以及气体主开关自击穿导通3个过程。其中,初级气体开关导通时辐射的电磁波强度较大,其强度最大处在与开关相同高度的位置。此外,强流电子束加速器在运行过程中的电磁辐射为低频辐射,主频为21 MHz。     

SOI波导反射模式的古斯-汉欣空间位移效应及其数字式热光开关

借助波导转角镜结构,利用古斯-汉欣空间位移和热光效应折射率调制的有效组合,提出了波导反射模式数字式热光开关结构.在给定入射角的条件下优化了空间古斯-汉欣位移,在具有古斯-汉欣效应的本征态下,反射光束出现了较大的跳跃.在1.0μm厚硅膜的绝缘体上硅平台上,单模输入波导和多模干涉波导结构之间的导模本征态匹配,验证了1×3数...     

吹气对氮气火花隙开关重复频率运行性能的影响

基于紧凑重复频率Tesla变压器实验平台,运用设计加工的紧凑型内部气流循环式火花隙开关,对吹气提高火花隙开关重复频率运行性能进行系统的实验研究,结果表明：重复频率小于50 Hz时,火花隙开关击穿电压不稳定度(RMS)小于5%,不需要吹气;在给定吹气速度下,火花隙开关重复频率运行存在临界重复频率;火花隙开关重复频率运行存在最佳吹气速度,且最佳吹气速度与重复频率之间满足线性关系,并可由实验确定;在优化吹气速度条件下,当气压处于0.7~1.5 MPa范围时,该火花隙开关击穿电压不稳定度(RMS)小于3%;在2.0 MPa的压强范围内,该吹气式火花隙开关可稳定工作至重复频率300 Hz,击穿电压400 kV。     

4路GW级纳秒脉冲源同步技术实验研究

利用峰值功率可达1 GW的纳秒脉冲源CKP1000开展了4路GW级纳秒脉冲源同步技术实验研究。使用trigatron作为触发开关,通过单路开关触发特性实验研究优化了开关的结构与工作参数,单路开关抖动0.2 ns,建立了实验装置,实现了4路GW级纳秒脉冲源并联同步输出。同步实验结果为: 纳秒脉冲源输出电压230 kV,峰值功率1 GW,脉冲宽度6 ns,4路输出脉冲同步偏差95%以上概率分布在1 ns以内,平均同步偏差630 ps。     

Linear Theory of Electron Dynamic for the Slowly Varied Section Waveguide Resonator with the TM Mode in a Hybrid-Magnicon

Based on fundamental principles of magnicon, we posed hybrid-magnicon amplifier. It are adopted that beforehand axially modulating annular electron beam, a vertical cylindrical wave-guide opened driver cavity, a slowly varied section waveguide opened output cavity, whoever with TM-mode. Pass basic concept analysis of this new type tube that after consider who suitably make small power or MW pulsed tube with suitable wide-band. For example, if operate at the third harmonic then can reach 8% bandwidth. This paper expounded the linear theory for hybrid-magnicon. Use simply new method, which solve for Dispersion Equation. Give Dispersion Equation with the self-consistent effect and the space charge effect of the slowly varied section waveguide rotating TM-mode opened resonator cavity. Give the interact power between wave and electrons, et al.     

内导体对相对论返波振荡器工作波段选择的影响

 设计了一种紧凑型、GW级同轴引出电子束相对论返波振荡器,利用KARAT 2.5维全电磁粒子模拟程序研究了器件内部束 波作用的物理过程。模拟结果表明：当器件中使用内导体,在电子束能量700 keV,电子束流11 kA,导引磁场为1.0 T时,能实现L波段2.66 GW高功率微波输出,平均效率约为34%;去掉内导体时,能实现S波段1.88 GW单频微波输出,平均效率约为24%。同一个器件,仅通过装卸内导体就可以选择在两个波段实现GW级、高效微波输出,这对于高功率微波器件的设计有一定的参考意义。